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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histological and immunohistological features of a non-functional parathyroid carcinoma obtained from a 56-year-old woman are reported. Macroscopically, the tumor consisted of many small hemorrhagic nodules and showed adhesion to the thyroid gland and esophageal wall. Histologically, the tumor cells resembled parathyroid chief cells, and showed an island-like or sheet-like arrangement, the former showing cystic degeneration and containing hemorrhagic fluid in the extracellular space. Tumor cells resembling water-clear cells and oxyphilic cells were also observed. Most of the tumor cells had glycogen in the cytoplasm. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells showed no staining with anti-thyroglobulin, JT-95 or anti-calcitonin antibodies. However, they were stained with antibodies against chromogranin A (Ch A) and the N-terminal portion of human parathyroid hormone (PTH (N)). The positive staining with anti-PTH (N) antibody disappeared when the antibody was absorbed with excess synthesized human PTH (N). Immunostaining for PTH (N) and Ch A was useful for differentiation of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma from thyroid carcinoma and thymoma.
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PMID:Immunohistological study of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma. Report of a case. 160 15

In this study we describe the generation and characterization of interspecies somatic cell hybrids between human activated mature T cells and mouse BW5147 thymoma cells. A preferential segregation of human chromosomes was observed in the hybrids. Phenotypic analysis of two hybrids and their clones demonstrated coexpression of CD4 and CD69 antigens in the same cells. Segregation analysis of an informative family of hybrids followed by molecular and karyotype studies clearly demonstrated that the locus encoding CD69 antigen mapped to human chromosome 12. Although the expression of CD69 antigen is an early event after T-lymphocyte activation and rapidly declines in absence of exogenous stimuli, in the hybrids described in this study the expression was constitutive, similarly to what was previously found in early thymocyte precursors and mature thymocytes. In this respect it was important to note that the behavior of the hybrids in culture strongly suggested a dominant influence of the thymus-derived mouse tumor cell genome in controlling the constitutive expression of human CD69. These hybrids may thus provide a system to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling the expression and function of this activation antigen.
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PMID:Constitutive expression of CD69 in interspecies T-cell hybrids and locus assignment to human chromosome 12. 161 43

Sixty-one patients underwent operations for malignant thymomas between 1961 and 1989. Twenty-three patients had associated myasthenia gravis (MG), an incidence of 37.7%. Upon being admitted to the hospital, the patients' most common symptoms included chest pain, MG, cough, and dyspnea. Only 7 of 61 (11.5%) patients had no symptom. Tumor staging of 58 patients with invasive thymomas was performed according to Masaoka classification. The patients were classified as follows: Stage II disease, 5; Stage III, 41; Stage IVa, 8; and Stage IVb, 4. In addition, thymic carcinoma was present in three patients. The series had a resection rate of 55.7%. The incidence of operative complications was 16.3%. Only one patient died of myocardial infarction; the incidence of operative mortality was 1.6%. The patients with MG had a higher rate of resection (69.6%) and a higher incidence of complete thymectomy (14 of 23 patients; 60.9%). Mixed lymphoepithelial tumors and epithelial cell predominant tumors were the most frequent histologic patterns (45.9% and 34.4%, respectively). Fifty-two patients had postoperative radiation therapy, and 10 patients had chemotherapy. The overall cumulative survival rates in the series were 59% and 34% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The results demonstrated that the factors affecting the prognosis may include resectability, postoperative irradiation or chemotherapy, MG, and tumor staging. The influence of histologic variation on survival rates could not be clearly defined in the series. Surgical resection, particularly complete thymectomy, followed by irradiation is the primary option of therapeutic management for malignant thymoma.
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PMID:Malignant thymoma. 161 94

The case in this study was a 34-year-old male with a small thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis. The patient had been treated with corticosteroids for 10 months against myasthenia gravis. During the course of the treatment a chest CT revealed that the tumor had reduced. Thereafter the extended thymectomy was performed. A close examination of the excised thymus revealed the presence of a flat cystic tumor measuring 1.5 x 0.8 x 0.5 cm at the site corresponding to the CT image. This tumor was histologically ascertained to be a thymoma. The thymoma is sensitive to corticosteroids, which can effectively reduce it. As conclusion, it is necessary to check thoroughly on the presence of thymoma prior to the initiation of corticosteroid therapy to treat myasthenia gravis.
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PMID:[A case of a small thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in which the tumor was reduced by corticosteroid therapy]. 163 47

The thoracic cavity contains numerous tissue types from which tumors may arise. Broadly speaking, the cavity is comprised of the pleural surfaces, the mediastinum and its enclosed viscera, and the lungs. Neoplasms arising from these structures are frequently advanced at the time of diagnosis, and surgery is rarely curative for malignant processes. Although reports describing anticancer chemotherapy use in dogs and cats for tumors of the thoracic cavity largely have been anecdotal, as advances are made in the chemotherapeutic management of comparable tumors in human cancer patients and as veterinarians become familiar with these compounds, use of antineoplastics as an adjunct to, or in place of, local treatment modalities should increase. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasia; mediastinal neoplasia, particularly thymoma; and pleural neoplasia, with emphasis on mesothelioma. In addition, options for chemotherapy, derived from both the human and veterinary literature, are given for each tumor type.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for intrathoracic cancer in dogs and cats. 164 19

A spontaneous malignant thymoma was found in an 18-month-old female BUF/Mna rat and serially transplanted subcutaneously in both syngeneic BUF/Mna rats (designated as MTH-R) and KSN nude mice (MTH-NM) for more than 5 years. Both tumors shared the histological appearance of sarcomatoid carcinoma as seen in the original tumor. However, MTH-NM grew faster than MTH-R in the respective hosts. The MTH-NM grew in both KSN-nude mice and BUF/Mna-rnu/rnu rats but not in BUF/Mna rats, the host of the original tumor. Three continuous tissue culture cell lines (MTHC-1, MTHC-2 and MTHC-3) were established from the MTH-NM tumors at the 2nd, 15th and 17th transplantation generations, respectively. The MTH-NM tumors and latter two tissue culture cell lines carried one or more mouse chromosomes, probably acquired by cell fusion with mouse cells during passages in vivo. The presence of the mouse chromosomes was confirmed by the presence of mouse DNA and of antibodies to the MTHC-2 and MTHC-3 cells in the sera of BUF/Mna rats transplanted with MTH-NM.
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PMID:Establishment of transplantable tumor lines and in vitro cell lines of malignant thymoma developed in a BUF/Mna rat. 164 64

Five anterior mediastinal tumors were biopsied with a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. All the tumors were solid, hypoechoic, perivascularly situated masses. Their mean diameter was 7.2 cm. Cytologically there were 2 mediastinal metastatic carcinomas, 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 germ-cell tumor (embryonal cell carcinoma), and 1 malignant lymphoma or thymoma. There were no complications. Ultrasound-guided anterior mediastinal aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid procedure in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. Biopsy of a mediastinal mass enables simultaneous diagnosis and staging. Mediastinoscopy and diagnostic thoracotomy can be avoided.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses. 164 24

Of the many types of tumors located in the mediastinal compartments, most are metastatic. The most common adult tumor in the anterior compartment is thymoma. A number of important cytogenetic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analytical observations have been reported over the past year regarding this tumor. In addition, reports on the multimodality management of thymoma have raised important issues regarding the prognostic significance of selected pretreatment parameters. Of special interest are reports which may clarify differences which may exist between thymic carcinoma, a separate pathologic entity, and thymoma. Finally, important observations regarding the association of hematologic malignancies with germ cell tumors of the mediastinum have been made in the past year. The following review summarizes pertinent progress in the above-mentioned areas and cites interesting reports pertaining to less common mediastinal tumors of the posterior and middle mediastinum.
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PMID:Mediastinal tumors. 164 73

One cutting needle biopsy specimen and six fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens of thymomas were studied in order to define diagnostic criteria for this entity in biopsy material. Two of the cases demonstrated a mixed pattern of epithelial cells and lymphocytes while epithelial cells predominated in four cases and lymphocytes in one. Tumors composed of a conspicuous admixture of benign-appearing epithelial cells and mature lymphocytes were easily diagnosed. Neoplasms composed primarily of one cell type also displayed distinctive cytologic features that correlated with the histopathologic appearance of the resected tumors and permitted a diagnosis. Immunocytochemical demonstration of keratin and T6 proved useful in confirming the biphasic pattern of epithelial cells and cortical thymocytes that is characteristic of thymoma.
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PMID:Diagnosis of thymoma by needle biopsy. 168 78

DNA polymerase alpha is a DNA replicating enzyme expressed in all proliferating cells. This nuclear antigen in paraformaldehyde-postfixed frozen sections of normal, benign, and malignant tissues was identified by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique with the use of a mouse monoclonal antibody against bovine/human DNA polymerase alpha. The nuclei of normal proliferating cells were positive. Malignant tumors (n = 95) showed a higher proportion of positive nuclei than did low-grade malignant tumors (n = 7) or benign lesions (n = 67). The number of positive nuclei in squamous cell carcinomas (n = 19) was higher than in adenocarcinomas (n = 45). Eight (18%) adenocarcinomas and all five renal cell carcinomas had less than 10% positive cells, whereas in benign tissues, such as pituitary adenomas, a thymoma, reactive lymphoid lesions, and some benign mammary nodules, more than 10% of nuclei were labeled. In addition, foci of proliferating cells were clearly recognized. DNA polymerase alpha is, therefore, an excellent marker of proliferative activity that provides an approach to analyzing tumor cell heterogeneity not only in fully developed neoplasms, but also in their precursor lesions.
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PMID:DNA polymerase alpha. An immunohistochemical marker for proliferating cells in normal and neoplastic human tissues. 169 87


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