Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Testicular biopsy specimens from 4 (8%) of 50 men previously treated for maldescended testes had a carcinoma-in-situ pattern. 2 of these men had adjacent invasive carcinoma (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma). The patient with embryonal carcinoma had an enlarged testis but the 3 other patients with neoplasia had no clinical signs or symptoms of malignancy. Routine follow-up including testicular biopsy in young men with maldescended testes is essential because of the increased risk of malignancy and may detect testicular neoplasia at a stage when orchidectomy alone is curative.
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PMID:High incidence of undetected neoplasia in maldescended testes. 8 73

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured in 10 cases of primary brain tumors in children (4 cases of medulloblastoma, 4 cases of germ cell tumor and 2 cases of astrocytoma). As a result, elevation in AFP was observed only in a case of embryonal carcinoma that showed partial mixture of germinoma. The absence of AFP elevation in 3 other cases of pure germinoma (atypical teratoma; pinealoma) agrees with reports which describe that, in the germ cell tumor of the gonads, a rise in AFP is not observed in pure seminoma but is found in embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor). The fluctuations in AFP in serum and cerebrospinal fluid are considered to be of significance in the diagnosis and treatment of primary intracranial malignant germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein in children with primary intracranial tumors. 8 37

Quantitative measurement of serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by double antibody radioimmunoassays originally developed at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md) has been performed in 130 patients with seminoma and in 300 patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Ten of 130 (7.7%) patients with seminoma, 99 of 152 (65%) patients with embryonal carcinoma with or without teratoma, and five of five (100%) patients with pure choriocarcinoma had an elevated level of HCG. None of the patients with seminoma or choriocarcinoma had an elevated level of serum AFP although elevated levels were present in 67% of the patients with embryonal carcinoma with or without teratoma. Either HCG or AFP was elevated in about 90% of the patients with clinically demonstrable embryonal carcinoma with or without teratoma and choriocarcinoma. These two markers have been helpful in staging, detecting recurrence, prognosis, and localization (by the alpha subunit of HCG) of a tumor. Utilizing immunocytochemical techniques, HCG has been localized in syncytiotrophoblastic component of choriocarcinoma. AFP has been localized in yolk sac tumor and embryonal carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Applications of biologic tumor markers in testicular cancer. 9 33

Sera of 128 consecutive patients in whom a malignant testicular tumor or an extragonadal teratoma was thought to be present were tested for alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP). The AFP results were correlated with the final diagnoses. AFP was normal in all 9 patients with non-malignant testicular disorders and in all 29 patients with seminoma. AFP was elevated in 72% of the patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors when tested before treatment was started. At that time the degree of AFP elevation gave little information on the stage of the tumor. However, AFP concentrations reflected the disease course when tested repeatedly. Thus, regular AFP measurements may be of value in monitoring therapy in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
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PMID:[Alpha fetoprotein and dysgerminaomas]. 9 80

Indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay with specific rabbit antisera demonstrated the occurrence of alphafetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in primary testicular tumor cells. Embryonal carcinomas had AFP- and CEA-containing cells, sometimes PLAP. PLAP and sometimes CEA were found in seminoma cells. Sera from patients with advanced non-seminomatous tumors could contain any of these antigens or any combination of them. Sera from patients with seminomas had raised PLAP or CEA. PLAP appears to be a new marker for seminoma.
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PMID:Placental alkaline phosphatase, alphafetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in testicular tumors. Tissue typing by means of cytologic smears. 9 92

Four new cases of primary mediastinal seminoma are presented, and the 103 previously reported cases reviewed. All of the tumors occurred in the anterior mediastinum, and generally appeared as lobulated noncalcified masses on chest radiography. Most patients were in the third and fourth decades, and about 30% were asymptomatic at the time of initial diagnosis. Although mediastinal seminoma is not commonly considered a cause of superior vena caval obstruction, about 10% of patients experience it. The tumors are radiosensitive and potentially radiocurable. A striking reduction in size of the tumor may be noted after radiation therapy. Prognosis is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of 75%. The controversy surrounding histogenesis of this tumor is reviewed, and the pathologic criteria for making the diagnosis presented.
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PMID:Primary mediastinal seminoma. 10 98

Connected to testicular germ cell tumors, microcalcifications have been identified by microscopic tissue evaluation, the significance of which has not yet been discussed. Microscopic and radiographic evaluation of histologic slides and paraffin embedded tissue specimens, respectively, of 129 germ cell tumors showed that 46.4% of testes with seminoma and 68.3% of testes with teratoma display microcalcifications as round or roundish psammomatous bodies or irregular-shaped dystrophic calcifications, in teratoma as particles of bone tissue or calcified cartilage. Whereas psammomatous bodies are located within tubules in compressed residual testicular tissue arranged in a shell-like zone around the tumor mass, dystrophic calcifications and bone and cartilage tissues are identified inside the tumor. Often more than 10 microcalcifications per cm2 are present. The diagnostic importance of these findings for clinical use is discussed. Above all, it must be made dependent on a radiographic method which will not be dangerous for testicular tissue.
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PMID:[Microcalcifications in testicular germ cell tumors. Orientating study concerning its diagnostic utilization (author's transl)]. 14 80

The evaluation of total orchiectomy tissue specimens with malignant testicular tumors shows that microcalcifications can be found in a surprisingly high percentage by radiological and histological examinations. Small, often in several groups located calcifications in the parenchyma neighbouring the tumor are typical for seminoma, whereas in teratoma solitary microcalcifications and polymorphic types can also be seen. Microcalcifications are also present in not neoplastic testicular diseases but in a much smaller percentage and with a different type of calcification. The preoperative radiographic examination of testicular tumors of unknown origin seems to be indicated as a non-invasive method able to provide further information about the presence of a malignant germ cell tumor. Regarding the genetic risks of the method, there is hope to avoid other more invasive examinations with their danger of tumor spreading and to enable a radical resection of the primary tumor before its metastic formation by the mean of preoperative orchioradiography.
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PMID:[The diagnostic significance of microcalcifications in testicular tumors (author's transl)]. 15

Autopsy findings in 20 cases of clinical extragonadal germ-cell tumors arising in the anterior mediastinum are presented. The histologic types were: 2 choriocarcinomas, 3 seminomas, 3 malignant teratomas, 3 embryonal carcinomas, and 9 mixed germ-cell tumors. All of the patients were men, and the ages ranged from 14 to 45 years, with a mean of 32.5 years. The mean survival for these patients after diagnosis was 10.9 months. Local recurrence was characteristic of non-seminomatous tumors. In patients with seminoma, local control of the disease was good, but distant metastases were the cause of death. The most frequent sites of metastases were lungs, bones and liver. In all 20 cases, the testes were carefully step-sectioned. Occult tumor was found in only one case of embryonal carcinoma and a well-defined testicular scar with calcification in a patient with choriocarcinoma. Both patients had lower retroperitoneal metastases. These findings support the premise that, in the majority of cases, these tumors had a primary extragonadal origin.
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PMID:Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum, postmortem findings. 17 71

Forty patients with otherwise untreatable advanced carcinomas received arterial infusions of adriamycin. Significant responses were seen in five of nine tumors of the bladder, two of five hypernephromas, two of two islet cell tumors, three of five sarcomas and one of two metastatic tumors of the breast. One patient with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder had no tumor at the time of a subsequent resection. There were no responses seen in two oat cell tumors metastatic to the liver, one seminoma of the retroperitoneal space metastatic to the liver, one squamous cell tumor metastatic to the liver, one squamous cell of the vulva, one carcinoma of the cervix uteri and one cloacogenic carcinoma. these responses in advanced tumors are exciting. The use of this technique to reduce tumor bulk prior to operation, irradiation, adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy may allow a significant breakthrough for such tumors as sarcomas, hypernephromas and transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Further studies will be pursued using this concept.
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PMID:Regional intra-arterial infusion of adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. 19 Jul 16


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