Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The indications for and outcome of radiotherapy for 226 epidemic Kaposi's sarcomas are reported. The overall likelihood of obtaining complete regression of tumor masses was 68%, although residual purple pigmentation remained in 20%. Local recurrence developed in 9%. The indications for treatment were not equally represented. Palliation of pain or improvement of the patient's appearance were the most common indications for treatment. Kaposi's sarcoma lesions do not all behave in a like manner. Best fit log-linear models of associations among the variables were derived. They demonstrated that the combination of treatment intention, anatomic site, and Karnofsky score predicted the short-term and long-term tumor response. The intention of treatment was closely linked to the anatomic site of treatment and in concert directly influenced outcome. The host's Karnofsky score was an independent predictive factor, but had less impact on outcome than did site or intention. Our data demonstrate that case selection can markedly alter the observed response rate of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma to radiotherapy. This finding should be considered in future analyses of trials that test the efficacy of treatment for this disease.
 ...
PMID:Intentions and outcomes in the radiotherapeutic management of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. 199 26

We report the case of drug-induced, acrolocalized Kaposi sarcoma (KS), arising multicentrically in both palms and soles of a male patient who has had widespread psoriasis since 12 years of age. This 59-year-old man, of Mediterranean origin, was HIV antibody-negative and had received oral prednisolone treatment over 5 months for chronic obstructive lung disease (initial dose: 75 mg/d). Eight months after discontinuing oral treatment the KS nodules regressed spontaneously and finally disappeared completely without additional treatment. Light and electron microscopic investigations confirmed the diagnosis of KS, whereas laboratory tests excluded HIV infection and suggested mild immune dysfunction. The existence of HLA loci predisposing to KS and to psoriasis (A1, DR5, DR7, DR11) was characteristic for the simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases. This case report demonstrates the complex interrelationships between genetic predisposition, drugs leading to immune suppression, and the evolution of an unusual neoplasm.
 ...
PMID:Genetically determined coincidence of Kaposi sarcoma and psoriasis in an HIV-negative patient after prednisolone treatment. Spontaneous regression 8 months after discontinuing therapy. 200

We examined data from San Francisco and other areas participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to determine the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on cancer incidence between 1973 and 1987. In this period, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has increased over 10-fold and Kaposi's sarcoma incidence has increased over 5000-fold in single San Francisco men 20 to 49 years of age. Increases in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been restricted to high-grade and diffuse large-cell (intermediate-grade) histological types. With the exceptions of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, no other tumor has significantly increased in incidence. During 1987, we estimate that HIV-seropositive men in San Francisco had a 0.47% risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a 1.6% risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. The relative risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HIV infection were 104 and 40,000, respectively. For 1987, HIV was associated with 14% of all reported cancers (except non-melanoma skin cancer) in men aged 20 to 49. We expect that 1,890 to 2,730 excess cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 6,490 to 8,320 excess cases of Kaposi's sarcoma will occur in the United States in 1990.
 ...
PMID:Increasing incidence of cancers associated with the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. 200 49

The human progenitor cell antigen (CD34) is selectively expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. In either cryostat sections of snap-frozen skin, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal skin, anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody immunostained vascular endothelial cells and perivascular/interstitial dendritic cells, particularly in the reticular dermis. A distinctive population of perifollicular spindle-shaped cells in the midportion of the follicle (ie, bulge area), which is the site of the putative hair follicle stem cells, were CD34 positive, as were spindle-shaped cells in and around the eccrine glands accentuating their basement membrane zone. In patch/plaque--and tumor-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma lesions, CD34 expression was present on both the proliferating endothelial cells as well as the spindle-shaped stromal cells. CD34 positive endothelial cells and spindle-shaped stromal cells may play important participatory and supportive functions in both normal and diseased skin.
 ...
PMID:The human progenitor cell antigen (CD34) is localized on endothelial cells, dermal dendritic cells, and perifollicular cells in formalin-fixed normal skin, and on proliferating endothelial cells and stromal spindle-shaped cells in Kaposi's sarcoma. 200 77

The combined use of zidovudine (ZDV) and interferon (IFN) alfa-2a has been shown to have antiretroviral and antitumor potential benefit in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). However, the clinical use of this combination is frequently complicated by the overlapping myelotoxicity of these agents. We report here the results of a phase I/II study in which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used for those KS patients who became neutropenic while receiving ZDV (1,200 mg/d) and IFN (9 x 10(6) U/d). Nineteen of 29 patients (66%) developed an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of less than 1,000 cells per cubic millimeter and were begun on GM-CSF. All experienced a prompt increase in the ANC. Those patients receiving GM-CSF/ZDV/IFN alfa-2a had an improved end of study ANC when compared with the ZDV/IFN alfa-2a group, but did not have an increased rate of tumor response, end of study CD4 cell count, or improvement in any other hematologic variable. The use of GM-CSF was not associated with increased toxicity and, in particular, was not associated with a change in serum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen. Tumor response was noted in 50% of the assessable patients (33% overall) despite "high-risk" characteristics in 80%. Of the responding patients, seven were on GM-CSF and might have otherwise required an alteration in ZDV/IFN alfa-2a dose level. Further study of GM-CSF as an alternate to dose modification of this (ZDV/IFN alfa-2a) and other combination therapies for AIDS patients is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mitigates the neutropenia of combined interferon alfa and zidovudine treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. 196 May 65

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in general, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related KS (AIDS-KS) in particular, is a highly invasive and intensely angiogenic neoplasm of unknown cellular origin. We have recently established AIDS-KS cells in long term culture and reported the development of KS-like lesions in nude mice inoculated with these cells. Here, we have examined the in vitro invasiveness of basement membrane by AIDS-KS cells, as well as the effect(s) of their supernatants on the migration and invasiveness of human vascular endothelial cells. AIDS-KS cells were highly invasive in the Boyden chamber invasion assay and formed invasive, branching colonies in a 3-dimensional gel (Matrigel). Normal endothelial cells form tube-like structures on Matrigel. AIDS-KS cell-conditioned media induced endothelial cells to form invasive clusters in addition to tubes. KS-cell-conditioned media, when placed in the lower compartment of the Boyden chamber, stimulated the migration of human and bovine vascular endothelial cells across filters coated with either small amounts of collagen IV (chemotaxis) or a Matrigel barrier (invasion). Basic fibroblast growth factor could also induce endothelial cell chemotaxis and invasion in these assays. However, when antibodies to basic fibroblast growth factor were used the invasive activity induced by the AIDS-KS-cell-conditioned media was only marginally inhibited, suggesting that the large quantities of basic fibroblast growth factor-like material released by the AIDS-KS cells are not the main mediators of this effect. Specific inhibitors of laminin and collagenase IV action, which represent critical determinants of basement membrane invasion, blocked the invasiveness of the AIDS-KS cell-activated endothelial cells in these assays. These data indicate that KS cells appear to be of smooth muscle origin but secrete a potent inducer of endothelial cell chemotaxis and invasiveness which could be responsible for angiogenesis and the resulting highly vascularized lesions. These assays appear to be a model to study the invasive spread and angiogenic capacity of human AIDS-related KS and should prove useful in the identification of molecular mediators and potential inhibitors of neoplastic neovascularization.
 ...
PMID:Supernatants of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma cells induce endothelial cell chemotaxis and invasiveness. 202 45

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumor of unclear etiopathogenesis. The epidemic form of KS occurs in up to 30% of HIV-infected individuals with lesions that have mixed cellularity, spindle cell proliferation, and neoangiogenesis. Although not completely defined, the spindle cells, thought to be the tumor cells of KS, are of mesenchymal cell origin, with features resembling endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The establishment of in vitro and in vivo model systems (AIDS-KS cell culture and the transgenic mouse model) for KS have allowed studies of the pathogenesis of KS. In particular, studies of the biologic characteristics of the AIDS-KS cells have demonstrated the presence of autocrine and paracrine growth activities. The findings of specific cytokines produced by the AIDS-KS cells may explain the histologic changes found in the KS lesion. Similarly, the development of KS-like lesions by inoculating cultured AIDS-KS cells into nude mice suggests that KS is an inducible disease. Finally, the results obtained in tat-transgenic mice and the proliferative induction of AIDS-KS cells by addition of exogenous (cell-released or recombinant) Tat protein suggest that this HIV gene product may have an important role in the development or progression of KS in HIV-infected individuals.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. 202 94

A variety of malignancies, including hematologic malignancies, Kaposi's sarcoma, as well as adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma have been reported in association with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Tumors of the umbilical area are unusual and can represent lesions of urachal origin. These may require extensive resection and are associated with a poor prognosis. We describe here a case of a young woman with AIDS who developed a squamous cell carcinoma of the umbilicus which suggests more than a casual relationship between these two conditions.
 ...
PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the umbilicus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 202 23

In 23 patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma 53 tumor lesions were treated with fractioned radiotherapy. Indication for the radiotherapy were mostly cosmetic reasons in stigmatizing tumors, but also in several cases pain, oedema or functional deficits as a result of the tumor lesions. 21 patients received orthovoltage irradiation, the remaining four patients were treated with telecobalt therapy. A complete response was observed in 17%, a partial response in 76% and unchanged lesions in 4%. In two cases (4%), both were treated with telecobalt-therapy by large tumor masses, there occurred a further tumor progression inspite of the radiotherapy. In ten lesions, all with partial remission, we later observed a repeated tumor progression. Important side effects were signs of inflammation as mucositis and edema or hyperpigmentation. The occurrence of acute side effects can be reduced by fractionating of the radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Local therapy measures in HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with special reference to fractionation radiotherapy]. 202 97

New epidemiological data give evidence for an unknown etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Experimental support is provided by research on cultivated KS cells. These results contradict a direct involvement of HIV-1 in the pathogenesis of KS. Research on cultivated KS cells confirmed the hypothesis that KS spindle cells originate from endothelial cells and gave new insight into the pathogenesis of tumor cell growth. KS spindle cells secrete an autocrine acting growth promoting activity. Nevertheless, they seem to depend on several growth factors like PDGF and IL-6 provided by surrounding endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively. The results support the hypothesis of a tumor relying on paracrine acting factors more than on autocrine acting factors.
 ...
PMID:HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma: new developments in epidemiology and molecular pathology. 203 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10