Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the 10 years since the interferons (IFN) entered large-scale clinical trials, much has been learned much about their uses as single agents. alpha-IFN, the most widely studied, has shown antitumor and antiviral efficacy against various tumors and tumor-related viruses; it has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia, acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma, and condylomata acuminata. Although IFN are effective as single agents in certain clinical situations, increasing experience with these cytokines suggests that their greatest therapeutic potential may be in combination with other biologic response-modifying, cytotoxic, or antiviral drugs. Trials combining alpha-IFN with 5-fluorouracil to treat colorectal carcinoma or with zidovudine to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome have shown the significant impact that IFN administered in conjunction with other carefully selected agents can have. To design the most effective combination regimens, better preclinical models that clarify the mechanisms of action of IFN and define their biochemical interactions with other agents are needed.
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PMID:The interferons. 137 16

The development of long-term culture of AIDS-KS cells has allowed us to investigate further a possible vascular origin of Kaposi sarcoma. Taking into account the relative specificity of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism according to cell type, the AA 'cascade' was analyzed in cultured KS-3 cells established from lung biopsies and compared to human umbilical venous endothelial (H-UVE) cells and human myometrial smooth muscle (H-MSM) cells, under basal conditions and after stimulation with vasoactive agents such as histamine or thrombin. Considering strictly the 'prostaglandin' profile given by RIAs, the metabolism of AA was closer, whilst not identical, to H-UVE than to H-MSM cells. However, evaluation of all the eicosanoids released from [3H]AA labeled KS-3 cells revealed that the predominant metabolite was not prostacyclin (PGI2), as suggested from PG RIAs, but an epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (EET), identified as the 11, 12 isomer by HPLC and MS/MS. The synthesis of this EET is probably cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase dependent. Its potential role in the development of the KS tumor cells is under investigation.
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PMID:Active metabolism of arachidonic acid by Kaposi sarcoma cells cultured from lung biopsies (KS-3); identification by HPLC and MS/MS of the predominant metabolite secreted as the 11,12-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid. 139 Sep 46

Immunosuppression increases the risk of developing malignancies. In immunosuppression due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease the common head and neck tumors are Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has also been reported. Kaposi's sarcoma is the commonest neoplastic disease in AIDS. The incidence of lymphoma is rapidly increasing. This article reviews the incidence, clinical presentation and management of these diseases in the head and neck in AIDS patients.
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PMID:Neoplastic disease in the head and neck of patients with AIDS. 140 51

Open node biopsy was the method of choice for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection before serologic testing became available. Currently, the otolaryngologist is often called on to assist in the management of HIV-positive patients with troublesome cervical adenopathy. Today's questions are: what is the place of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and when is open cervical node biopsy indicated. A retrospective review was undertaken of 93 consecutive cervical node biopsies performed by our department during the 5-year period from 1985 to 1989. Twenty of the patients who underwent biopsy were HIV-positive. Of these twenty, ten carried an established diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventeen of these patients underwent FNA before biopsy. In the eight patients with persistent generalized lymph-adenopathy (PGL) and nontender, nonenlarging nodes, pathologic analysis revealed lymphoid hyperplasia. Five of these patients had antecedent FNA, none demonstrating any pathologic changes. Of the twelve patients with enlarging or tendon nodes, the diagnosis of mycobacterial adenitis was made in eight, Nocardial infection in two, Burkitt's lymphoma in one, and metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma in one. In four of the patients diagnosed with mycobacterial infections, FNA yielded cytologic evidence of acid-fast bacilli and open lymph node biopsy added nothing. In contrast, FNA failed to reveal the diagnosis in both patients with Nocardial infection, and in the two patients with neoplastic disease. We conclude that cervical node biopsy is not indicated in the HIV or AIDS patient with nontender or nonenlarging nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Indications for open cervical node biopsy in HIV-positive patients. 140 19

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. Although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with HIV infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in HIV negative hosts. Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are tumors per se diagnostic of AIDS in patients with HIV infection. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients underwent ENT examination without symptom-related selection: 128 were intravenous drug users, 50 homosexual males, 22 heterosexuals, 4 intravenous male homosexual drug users, 3 blood recipients and 3 subjects without known risk factors. Sixteen were allocated in group II, 37 in III, 9 in IV A, 2 in IV B, 31 in IV C1, 37 in IV C2, 48 in IV D and 30 in IV E. Fourteen had head and neck EKS localization. All were males, with a median age of 40 of which 11/14 were homosexuals. The concomitant involvement of skin and mucosa was the most common manifestation and the palate was the most frequently affected mucosal site. Twenty-four had NHL localized within the head and neck: 21 males and 4 females with a average age of 38, 10 intravenous drug users, 9 homosexual males, 3 heterosexuals, 1 blood recipient, 1 subject without known risk factors. Extranodal localization was the most frequent characteristic while the gums were the most commonly involved site. The main characteristics of head and neck manifestations of EKS and NHL are reported with references to literature. The majority of HIV infected patients with EKS or NHL have ENT localizations, perhaps because lymphatic tissue, a HIV target, is well represented in this area and contamination by infectious agents (such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, probably involved in the pathogenesis of EKS and NHL) can easily occur in the head and neck. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the various, and sometimes misleading, characteristics of these diseases.
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PMID:[The cervicofacial manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV-infected patients]. 141 19

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor among HIV-infected individuals, but its involvement in the gastrointestinal tract was reported long before the AIDS epidemic. Although most cases of gastrointestinal KS are asymptomatic, advanced lesions may occasionally result in a severe and life-threatening hemorrhage that requires immediate treatment. At the NYU Medical Center, we have seen three AIDS patients present with severe upper tract bleeding (> 8 U/48 h) from KS lesions of the antrum, fundus, and duodenum. The last patient was also bleeding from an ulcerated rectal KS lesion. Because all three patients had a coexisting thrombocytopenia (platelets < 50,000/mm3) and were poor operative risks, injection sclerotherapy was performed. All four KS lesions stopped bleeding, and three out of the four lesions decreased in size. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successfully using sclerotherapy to treat severe hemorrhage due to gastrointestinal KS.
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PMID:Severe hemorrhage caused by gastrointestinal Kaposi's syndrome in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: treatment with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. 141 7

The study of the clinical manifestations, progression, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women has begun in earnest. AIDS-defining diseases that are more common in women than in men include wasting syndrome, esophageal candidiasis, and herpes simplex virus disease, whereas Kaposi's sarcoma is rare. Non-AIDS-defining gynecological conditions such as vaginal candida infections and cervical pathology are prevalent among women at all stages of HIV infection. Associations have been documented between the presence of human papillomavirus, lower genital tract neoplasia, and HIV-related immunosuppression. Pregnancy has not been confirmed to have an effect on the clinical progression of HIV disease in women incremental to the effect of time. Differential access and utilization of therapeutic interventions appear to account for much of the reported gender discrepancy in survival. Well designed epidemiological and clinical studies will help further scientific knowledge leading to early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and timely prevention of the manifestations of HIV disease in women.
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PMID:HIV disease and AIDS in women: current knowledge and a research agenda. 145 25

The ultrastructural features and the gene expression pattern of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) spindle cells in vivo suggest that KS is a tumor of the mixed cell type. The expression pattern of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the tumor lesion, together with the results obtained from in vitro characterization of KS-derived cells, provide evidence that paracrine mechanisms of growth factor action are important for the maintenance of KS. The reports on virus infection of KS cells suggest an indirect role of virus infection in the induction of KS, most likely mediated by immunostimulation and subsequent production of cytokines.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma: a review of gene expression and ultrastructure of KS spindle cells in vivo. 145 89

Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common tumor found in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This opportunistic neoplasm has characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease. Growth factors, cytokines, immune suppression, and interaction with infectious organisms all appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder. The manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma are protean, and lesions may appear at any time in the course of human immunodeficiency virus disease, remain localized and asymptomatic, or spread aggressively and cause morbidity. Treatment, which must be individualized, ranges from observation, local therapy with cosmetic makeup, and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or local intralesional injection of agents, to radiotherapy and systemic therapy with interferon-alpha and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of Kaposi's sarcoma. 145 2

We have retrospectively studied 35 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in 460 patients with AIDS (incidence of 7.6%) during a period of 10 years. All of them were males, with a mean age of 38 years. 88% of the cases belonged to the homosexual risk group. The tumor was the diagnostic criteria of AIDS in 25 patients. At the moment of the diagnosis, 4 patients were at stage I, 23 at stage II, 1 at stage III and 7 at stage IV, according to the Mitsuyasu's classification; 7 patients had systemic symptoms. The tumor was localized at the skin (34 cases), mucosa (16), digestive tract (7), lung (6) and ganglion (4). The immunological study revealed lymphopenia in 74% of patients, reduction of T4 lymphocytes ( < 0.5 x 10(9)/L) in 93% and inverted T4/T8 ratio in 96%. Sixteen patients received antitumoral treatment (8 with chemotherapy, 7 with interferon and 5 with radiotherapy). The response was stabilization of lesions in 8 cases, partial remission in 2 and progression in 3; in other 3 cases, such response was not assessed. The mortality was 48% and the average survival, 13 months. Opportunistic infections were the cause of death in most patients. Our results confirm the clinical and evolutive characteristics of the Kaposi's sarcoma associated to AIDS; disseminated cutaneous affectation with frequent visceral affectation, poor response to treatment and low survival associated to the presence of opportunistic infections. The lower incidence of tumor observed in our study is related to the different distribution of the risk groups for HIV in our country.
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PMID:[A clinical study of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 148 64


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