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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fresh surgical specimens of retinoblastoma were successfully transplanted into the anterior chamber of the "nude" mouse (a homozygous mutant, nu/nu, with a severe defect in cellular immunity), filling the eyes but failing to grow subcutaneously. Retinoblastoma cells from an established cell line, Y-79,1 spread from the intraocular injection site to invade the orbit, optic nerve, and brain and formed large tumors when implanted subcutaneously. Tumor cells injected into the anterior chamber of immunologically normal litter-males (heterozygotes, nu/+) survived for varying periods in the anterior chamber but showed little growth.
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PMID:Heterotransplantation of retinoblastoma into the athymic "nude" mouse. 84 83

The occurrence of independent brain tumors in two patients with retinoblastoma is described. One patient with well-differentiated biliteral retinoblastomas developed, over two years later, a pineal tumor but no other metastatic lesions. The pineal tumor was composed of small neuroblastic cells and a second population of larger cells with vesicular nuclei and more abundant cytoplasm. This feature is not characteristic of either primary or metastatic retinoblastoma. In the second patient the symptoms of a brain tumor led to the discovery of a small uniocular, well-differentiated retinoblastoma. The brain tumor was retrochiasmal, highly differentiated (showing areas of photoreceptor differentiation), and interpreted as an ectopic nonmetastatic retinoblastoma. The possible histogenetic origins of the brain tumors are discussed. Patients who develop symptoms of a brain tumor after a prolonged interval since the treatment of their ocular tumors should be suspected of harboring a second intracranial primary.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma and intracranial malignancy. 87 Jan 65

During the years 1961-1975, 50 cases of retinoblastoma in 31 boys and 19 girls from all parts of Poland were under treatment in the Ophthalmological Clinic in Cracow. The ages of the children at the time of diagnosis ranged from a few months to 10 years. The largest group included children between 1 and 3 years. In the majority of patients, neoplasm affected both eyes. The eye with the most advanced changes was enucleated, and the other subjected to treatment if the size of the tumor gave a prognosis of at least partial preservation of vision. In the case of unilateral tumors, treatment was undertaken if the changes were not too advanced. In the patients under treatment, 60Co according to themethod of Stallard and xenon light coagulation was applied. The observation period varied between 0.5 and 15 years. In our work, a correlation was found between the results and the size of the tumors, their localization, and postoperative complications. Our treatments proved successful in 70% (50.0-90.9%) of the cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of retinoblastoma by radioactive cobalt and xenon photocoagulation]. 87 39

Therapeutic results after beta-irradiation suggest that 106Ru/106Rh applicators have become an acceptable means of radiotherapy in patients suffering from retinoblastoma with a height of not exceeding 5 mm. Because of the rapid fall-off radiation dose it is possible to deliver a high dosage to the tumor without danger of radiogenic damage to the whole globe. Out of 22 children suffering from retinoblastoma a complete destruction and scarification of the tumor could be obtained in 18 eyes with sufficient vision acuity over a follow-up period of more than 5 years. In 4 cases an additional photocoagulation was necessary. beta-Irradiation avoids an undesirable high-volume dose. It may, therefore, be regarded as a useful contribution to radiotherapy of retinoblastoma.
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PMID:beta-Irradiation of retinoblastoma with 106Ru/106Rh applicators. 87 42

Of 726 eyes consecutively enucleated at the Mayo Clinic from 1954 through 1974, 41 contained retinoblastoma. In no instance was unsuspected retinoblastoma identified, nor could retinoblastoma be confirmed pathologically in an additional eight eyes in which retinoblastoma was considered in the differential diagnosis. In each of our eight misdiagnosed cases, the eyes were already blind and were cosmetically defective. The frequency of clinical misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma is high in part because it must be considered in every case of leukokoria. Although every effort was made to arrive at an accurate clinical diagnosis, the clinical misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma in a blind eye is of far less serious consequence than the clinical misdiagnosis of a tumor in a seeing eye.
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PMID:Analysis of misdiagnosed retinoblastoma in a series of 726 enucleated eyes. 87 46

Karyotypes from 50 persons with retinoblastoma confirmed by histopathological examination were studied by conventional staining and Giemsa-banding techniques. Two chromosomal anomalies were found. An interstitial deletion of the long arm of No. 13 chromosome was identified by Giemsa-banding in the karyotypes from a boy with unilateral retinoblastoma. Another boy with unilateral tumor had a karyotype of 47,XXY. These findings provide additional evidence that a deletion of chromosome No. 13, most likely involving band 13q14, is associated with the development of retinoblastoma. In conjunction with other reports, our findings also suggest that retinoblastoma may be found more frequently in children with chromosomal aneuploidy.
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PMID:Chromosomal anomalies in patients with retinoblastoma. 89 Oct 4

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Typing of Caucasian patients with retinoblastoma fails to show any difference in antigen frequency compared to a control population. In family studies where several members are affected with retinoblastoma the tumor does not segregate with the HLA type. There is also no significant difference in antigen frequency between spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma, unregressed retinoblastoma, and normal controls. In several families with one member showing spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma, other generations inheriting the same haplotypes have tumors which have failed to regress.
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PMID:Histocompatibility typing in spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. 90 24

The characteristics of retinoblastoma pertinent to genetic counseling are presented. Vogel's model for the inheritance pattern of the tumor is described and then used to derive recurrence risks for the important genetic counseling situations in retinoblastoma. The effect on the risk of the degree and number of unaffected relatives to the index case in a pedigree is quantified.
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PMID:Recurrence risks for retinoblastoma: a model for autosomal dominant disorders with complex inheritance. 101 87

An osteogenic sarcoma arose in the right orbit of a 7-year-old boy some 5 years after the right orbit had been treated by four courses of radiotherapy (total dose approximately 13,000 rads) for a multicentric retinoblastoma. Death occurred 6 months after the orbital tumor was first detected. Study of the orbital tumor by electron microscopy revealed a cell population of varied morphology in which two main types were identified. In one group, the cells were large with radiolucent cytoplasm, which contained long branching segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the second group, the cells were smaller with irregular nuclei and an electron-dense cytoplasm, which contained short segments of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria. The first group of cells closely resembled osteoblasts, while the second group had some features of osteoclasts or their percursors. The branching processes of the tumor cells were separated by an amorphous ground substance, which contained collagen-like fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals. Crystal deposition was in some instances in close relation to extracellular membrane-bound vesicles.
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PMID:Fine structure of a radiation-induced osteogenic sarcoma. 105 46

In dogs, osteosarcoma is markedly more frequent in giant breeds than in small ones. Ewing's tumor rarely occurs in species other than man. In children, both osteosarcoma dne Ewing's tumor appear to be related to the rate of bone growth. Nonradiogenic osteosarcoma occurs excessively in persons with the heritable form of retinoblastoma, and in certain malformation syndromes, some of which are known to be genetically induced. Osteosarcoma may also be of the heritable type when it is multicentric or aggregates in families. The neoplasm may occur excessively in certain families with specific cancers not involving bone. By contrast, the only evidence of a genetic influence on Ewing's tumor is its near-absence among blacks in the United States and in Africa. The only exogenous agent known to induce osteosarcoma (but not Ewing's tumor) in man is ionizing radiation in substantial doses. There is no epidemiologic evidence for the virus etiology of bone cancer in man. Despite the epidemiologic differences between osteosarcoma and Ewing's tumor, both histologic types occasionally occur in different portions of the same neoplasm.
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PMID:Etiology of childhood bone cancer: epidemiologic observations. 107 Jul 24


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