Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although elevated amylase levels in serum, pleural fluid, and extracts of tumor tissue in primary lung cancer have been reported, electrophoretic and column-chromatographic studies have not revealed the ectopic production of amylase but have merely shown an increase of amylase activity of chiefly the salivary type in these materials. The present study was designed to make clear the nature of the amylase or amylase-like substance in the serum, pleural fluid and tumor extracts, and to determine whether amylase might be produced ectopically in tumor tissues. Our data not only confirmed that the hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer was due to an increase in salivary type isoamylases, but also showed that the same isoamylase pattern occurs in serum, pleural fluids, and diseased lung tissue of patients with pneumonia. However, the elution pattern of amylase in these materials in column-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 Superfine was different from that of salivary amylase. On the basis of our observations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the salivary type hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer may be due to an increase in the amylase contained in normal lung tissues, resulting from activation and release into the blood stream by some inflammatory process. However, ectopic production of amylase was demonstrated in one particular case of primary lung cancer in which a high amylase content and a peculiar isoamylase were found both in the primary and metastatic lesions.
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PMID:Amylase in the lung. 85 49

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors. 95 60

An attempt was made to determine the frequency of lung cancer occurrence in different inflammatory processes in the bronchi and pulmonary tissue. 100 cases of lung cancer were studied according to case reports and autopsy finding, the main tumor node and metastases were explored histologically. The data obtained indicated that in 2.2% of cases the development of cancer was preceded by influenza with residual phenomenon such as purulent bronchitis or pneumonia, in 2.3% of cases cancer occurrence was found to be dependent on chronic pneumonia. In 12.1% of cases cancer has arisen in fibrous-focal or cirrhotic tuberculosis with the presence of old caverns; in 14.7% of cases its development was related with pneumosclerosis and bronchiectases, and in 17.8% of cases it developed against the background of purulent bronchitis.
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PMID:[Lung cancer in chronic inflammatory processes of the bronchi and pulmonary tissue]. 96 40

Plutonium-238, an alpha-emitting radionuclide, is used as a heat source in thermoeleltric power generators such as have been employed on lunar expeditions of communications satellites and in cardiac pacemakers. It has an 86.4 year half-life and emits 5.5 MeV alpha particles. Beagle dogs were given single 10-30 minute exposures to 238PuO2 aerosols to study the long-term translocation of plutonium and biological effects. Dogs with a terminal body burden ranging from 7-260 muCi were euthanized due to respiratory insufficiency related to plutonium-induced pneumonitis during the first 3 years after exposure. Nine of the 11 dogs euthanized during the 4-6 year postexposure period had osteosarcomas. The terminal plutonium body burden in the tumor-bearing dogs ranged from 0.5-2.6 muCi with 30-55% of the plutonium in the skeleton. Experiments are in progress to further define the dose-effect relationship of inhaled 238PuO2 and investigate the mechanisms of plutonium-induced neoplasia.
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PMID:Bone tumors induced by inhalation of 238PuO2 in dogs. 107 Jul 20

Fourteen patients with 16 metastatic ostogenic sarcoma lesions were treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR), adriamycin, and pulse high-dose cyclophosphamide combined with radiation therapy. Thirteen of 16 lesions responded. Responses consisted of relief of pain (6/6 patients) in bone lesions, roentgenographic and clinical evidence of decrease in the size of the bone lesions (6/7 patients), and a decrease in the size of pulmonary metastases (2/4 patients). The 2 patients whose pulmonary metastases responded to combined therapy developed pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis in the treated areas 3 months after radiation therapy (RT) (1400 and 1600 rads respectively). Of two bulky primary tumors that appeared to respond, both were ultimately found to contain viable tumor; a third less bulky primary tumor appeared to respond more completely. Three smaller metastatic bone lesions that were ultimately biopsied showed no evidence of active tumor. It is concluded that: 1) combination therapy (particularly HDMTX and RT) has an additive effect in controlling osteogenic sarcoma bone lesions, but bulky primary tumors cannot be completely eradicated; 2) although synergistic in treating osteogenic sarcoma, combination therapy can produce enhanced toxicity in surrounding normal lung tissue; and 3) combination therapy is of value in the palliative treatment of metastatic lesions other than that of lung, and in the treatment of small primary bone lesions. However, experience to date does not justify the delay in surgical ablation of a primary lesion in a child who presents without metastatic disease.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. 107 40

The most common clinical setting for the development of pneumocystis pneumonia in the United States is in a patient successfully treated with combination chemotherapy, usually including steroids, for a hematologic malignancy. The pneumonia is most likely to occur in the acute form during the reduction or withdrawal of chemotherapy and is the most common cause of infectious death in such cancer patients when they are in a clinical remission. The disease also develops in such patients on therapy who have uncontrolled growth of their tumor and occasionally in patients with other types of solid tumors. Given the appropriate clinical setting, all attempts should be made to establish the diagnosis histologically, but if this is not possible, empirical treatment with pentamidine isethionate is indicated.
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PMID:Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with cancer: clinical setting. 108 59

The effects of various regimens of melphalan combination chemotherapy were evaluated in 508 patients with multiple myeloma. No value was confirmed from the addition of procarbazine or vincristine sulfate to melphalan-prednisone combinations. Ninety-six patients who responded to treatment were allocated at random to one of three maintenance regimens, namely intermittent courses of carmustine with prednisone, continued courses of melphalan with prednisone, or no chemotherapy. There were no differences in the frequency of relapse, the remission duration, or the survival time among these maintenace groups. The frequencies of pneumonia and herpes zoster were higher in patients receiving continued chemotherapy. Continued melphalan-prednisone chemotherapy after the first year is of no major value to responding patients with multiple cyeloma. Attempts to reduce tumor mass maximally with a change in therapy are justified.
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PMID:Remission maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma. 111 63

Some unfortunate patients suffer disorders which in one way or another, usually neurologically, severely restrict the larynx in its role as a protector of the lower airway. Aspiration ensues, and unless it can be successfully managed, repeated episodes of a violent pneumonitis may lead to terminal chest problems. In some patients, even the cuffed tracheostomy tubes of new and improved design do not adequately prevent aspiration over an extended time intervel, as evidenced by repeated bouts of aspiration pneumonia despite these cuffed tubes and despite optimal intensive care. For these patients with intractable aspiration, and in whom recovery is expected only after a prolonged period of time, we have suggested a diverting procedure which employs a tracheo-esophageal anastomosis, as an effective yet reversible solution. Such an anastomosis with concomitant tracheostomy allows aspiration of saliva and even food to occur through the malfunctioning larynx but diverts it back into the esophagus through the tracheo-esophageal anastomosis. In normal mongrel dogs we demonstrated that an end-to-side tracheo-esophageal anastomosis is well tolerated and can be performed without damage to the intrinsic larynx or recurrent laryngeal nerves. The tracheo-esophageal lumen remained patent and the anastomosis intact for as long as these animals were observed prior to reconstruction. The reversibility of the tracheo-esophageal anastomosis was demonstrated in these dogs by excising the anastomosis, repairing the esophageal defect, and restoring the continuity of the trachea by end-to-end anastomosis. Vocal cord motion remained intact, the dogs ate normally, and barked once again. A tracheo-esophageal anastomosis was performed in a 60-year-old white female who had suffered lower cranial nerve damage as a result of a large acoustic tumor and the excision thereof. Despite every effort to control aspiration, pneumonitis occurred and became fulminant. The diverting tracheo-esophageal anastomosis was performed with relative ease and was well tolerated by the patient. Aspiration was totally and dependably controlled, and no further chest complications occurred. Her nasogastric feeding tube was removed, and she ate a regular diet with very little difficulty. She gained in strength, became much more alert mentally, and is now taking care of herself in a nursing home. We are following her progress by indirect laryngoscopy and barium swallow examinations and at five months post anastomosis, we are possibly seeing the first signs of lower cranial nerve recovery. We hope that reconstruction and restoration of function will soon be possible.
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PMID:Diverting the paralyzed larynx: a reversible procedure for intractable aspiration. 111 93

The frequencies of fever, parenchymal infiltration, and bacteremia were studied prospectively after 100 flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed transnasally under topical anesthesia. Fever occurred after 16 per cent, and parenchymal infiltration, after 6 per cent of the procedures. Most complications were mild and transient; however, one patient developed rapidly progressive pneumonia and died. No organisms were isolated from cultures of blood drawn at the time of the procedure or during complications. The organisms most commonly isolated from the sputum of the patients who developed pneumonia were the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria normally found in the mouth. Isolation of a significant pathogen before the procedure did not predispose to development of a complication. Advanced age (greater than 60 years) and the endoscopic findings of abnormalities were significant predisposing factors. Bronchial brushing, but not bronchial biopsy or bronchial washing, was associated with significantly higher complication rates in patients with bronchial carcinomas than in those without a neoplasm. The mechanism of the fever and parenchymal infiltration is thought to be related to obstructive atelectasis and infection produced by organisms present in the airways at the time of the procedures.
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PMID:Fever and pneumonia after flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 114 84

Twelve elderly patients without Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome or adrenal tumor who had spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage one to 33 days after operation are described. Seven of these patients had operations on the gastrointestinal tract, one on the biliary system, two on the genitourinary system and two on the central nervous system. Important factors relating to adrenal hemorrhage included: intra-abdominal sepsis in 5 patients, cancer in 4, pneumonia in 4, coagulation defects in 2, exogenous steroids in 2, and syphilis in one patient. Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage should be considered in patients whose condition deteriorates rapidly after operation and in whom no other explanation is plausible. Its detection and appropriate therapy can be lifesaving.
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PMID:Postoperative adrenal hemorrhage. 121 87


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