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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Historical data are presented for neoplasms and related proliferative lesions from 1,170 Sprague-Dawley rats that served as controls in 9 carcinogenicity (2 year) studies conducted in the Safety Evaluation Facility of Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, New Jersey. The most common neoplasm was pituitary adenoma, which occurred in 62.2% of the male and 84.7% of the female rats. Incidences of other neoplasms that occurred in more than 6.0% of the rats were, for males, benign pheochromocytoma (19.0%), cutaneous keratoacanthoma (7.9%), pancreatic islet cell adenoma (7.5%), benign testicular interstitial cell tumor (6.5%), and thyroid C-cell adenoma (6.5%). For females these incidences were mammary fibroadenoma (31.3%), mammary adenocarcinoma (16.8%), and mammary adenoma (6.5%). Focal cortical hypertrophy/cystic degeneration of the adrenal, a focal nonneoplastic lesion of zona fasciculata cells that often degenerate into large cysts, was present in 23.4% of all male and 82.7% of all female rats. Criteria for the differential diagnoses of selected neoplasms and related lesions are presented.
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PMID:Neoplasms and related proliferative lesions in control Sprague-Dawley rats from carcinogenicity studies. Historical data and diagnostic considerations. 147 82

The hypothalamus, in addition to regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary, controls water balance through thirst, regulates food ingestion and body temperature, influences consciousness, sleep, emotion and other behaviors. Much has been learned of these effects in human disease through the clinical manifestations that occur with hypothalamic lesions. This study reviews the clinical pathologic correlations that have been made in recent years showing that regions of the hypothalamus exert functions in humans that are similar to those identified in experimental animals. Clinical pathologic correlations have not always provided precise analysis of hypothalamic function. The hypothalamus is small and often lesions that come to clinical attention achieve considerable size before their recognition, making local anatomic dissections of the effects of the lesions difficult. Nevertheless, the use of modern non-invasive techniques including CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new information not previously available. This paper reviews several cases of hypothalamic disorder recognized recently. (1) A 33-year-old black man with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction included panhypopituitarism, aggressive hyperphagia, polydipsia (partially due to hyperglycemia secondary to diabetes mellitus), drowsiness, depression, and irritability. (2) A 37-year-old woman with a large intrahypothalamic tumor (biopsy showed pituitary adenoma), with drowsiness, poikilothermia, lack of satiety, confusion, and memory loss. She becomes depressed when she is transiently more alert (as after hypertonic contrast-dye infusion). (3) A 60-year-old man with hypothalamic compression by a pituitary tumor, associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), severe anorexia, memory loss, but preserved thirst. After surgical decompression of the tumor his appetite acutely recovered, but he developed severe hypo(poikilo)thermia. (4) A 45-year-old woman with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma presented with severe drowsiness, hyperphagia, depression, and memory loss post-operatively, which responded to antidepressants (except for the memory loss). She had extremely labile blood pressures and serum Na for about 1 week post-operatively.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. 148 Jul 55

A 44-year-old woman who had been therapeutically irradiated with 45 Gy to the sellar lesion for Cushing's disease has been in remission for 25 years. A large but asymptomatic brain tumor was accidentally found in the right middle fossa by a routine follow-up computed tomography. Upon surgical removal of the tumor, the histology revealed a fibroblastic meningioma. Although the incidence of meningioma following irradiation to pituitary adenoma is rare, a follow-up computed tomography should be taken to any possible late onset, and curable complication.
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PMID:Meningioma developed 25 years after radiation therapy for Cushing's disease. 150 25

A report is made here on a rare case in which occurrence of multiple cerebral aneurysm was observed after radiotherapy. The case was that of a female aged 51 who was hospitalized with the chief complaint of consciousness disorder. The patient was discharged from the hospital 1 year before, after undergoing subtotal extirpation of a tumor through the transsphenoidal sinus in a case of pituitary adenoma, and post-operative radiotherapy (topical 50 Gy). Mild hyperlipidemia associated with hypothyroidism was observed by blood biochemical test during the patient's hospitalization, and multiple cerebral infarction was also observed by CT scanning and MR imaging. Therefore, conservative treatments including intensified endocrine-supplementing treatment, centering on thyroid hormone, were attempted. The patient's thyroid gland function and hyperlipidemia improved but the consciousness disorder persisted. Exacerbation of the consciousness disorder occurred suddenly 6 weeks after the patient's hospitalization. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hydrocephalus were observed by CT scanning. Cerebral angiography detected a saccular aneurysm in the trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery, 3 fusiform aneurysms in the periphery of the right middle cerebral artery, 2 fusiform aneurysms in the posterior cerebral artery and irregularity of wall width in the central artery including the terminal region of the internal carotid artery. These findings were not observed at the initial hospitalization and were considered to have been formed newly afterwards. Further, these findings were observed unexceptionally in all the radiated fields. The patient died 8 weeks after hospitalization, and no autopsy finding was obtained. From the above, we presumed that radiation vasculopathy caused by the radiation therapy made one year previously, had led to the formation of multiple cerebral aneurysms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Multiple intracranial aneurysms following radiation therapy for pituitary adenoma; a case report]. 157 76

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma following radiotherapy for growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is presented with a review of the literature. A 43 year old female was admitted with the signs of acromegaly and hypertension. An eosinophilic pituitary adenoma was subtotally removed by transsphenoidal approach, and followed by 60 Gy irradiation using a 2 x 2 cm lateral opposed field. Fourteen years later at the age of 57, she suffered from headache, recent-memory disturbance and uncinate fits. CT scan and MRI disclosed ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the left temporal lobe, corresponding to the previous irradiated field. 18F-FDG PET showed hypermetabolism at the lesion. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and a reddish gray gelatinous tumor containing necrotic center and cyst was partially removed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of hypercellular astrocytic cells with perivascular pseudorosette. Coagulation necrosis at the center of the tumor, and hyalinosis and fibrosis of the blood vessels in and around the tumor, which might have been caused by the antecedent radiotherapy, were recognized. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were given, however, she expired 13 months after the operation. Seven cases, including ours, of malignant glioma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma were reported in the literature. A total dose of irradiation varies from 45 to 95 Gy with a mean of 50 Gy. The period of latency before tumor occurrence ranges from 5 to 22 years with a mean of 10 years. The differentiation of radiation-induced gliomas from radionecrosis of the brain is also discussed.
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PMID:[Anaplastic astrocytoma 14 years after radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma]. 157 77

To clarify the relationship between the percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells, the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index (LI) and clinical malignancy in pituitary adenomas, we studied 31 cases of pituitary adenomas. Tumor invasiveness, recurrence, tumor size and the length of illness were evaluated from operative findings, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and the clinical course. Each pituitary adenoma was scored to represent the degree of clinical malignancy. An hour before excision of the tumor, we administered BrdUrd intravenously. Surgical materials were fixed in 70% alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Both hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed using a monoclonal antibody for both anti-BrdUrd and anti-c-myc protein. Among pituitary adenomas, there was a significantly low percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in cases with acromegaly. The percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in the pituitary adenomas tended to increase with increase with the total scores of clinical malignancy. The BrdUrd LI was lower than 1% in almost all cases of pituitary adenomas, and it showed no correlation with their clinical malignancy. In conclusion, determination of the percentage of c-myc protein-labeled cells in pituitary adenomas proved to be useful for evaluating their clinical malignancy.
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PMID:The relationship between c-myc protein expression, the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index and the biological behavior of pituitary adenomas. 157 12

A case of acromegaly from a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma associated with dilatation of all major intracranial arteries and bilateral giant, cavernous aneurysms is presented. Although saccular aneurysms are randomly associated with all types of pituitary tumors, the frequency of this happening with growth hormone-secreting or "chromophobe adenomas" is greater than would be expected by chance alone. Intrasellar saccular aneurysms contiguous with tumors have been reported. Bilateral cavernous carotid aneurysms have also occurred in association with pituitary tumors. Both infectious (bacterial and fungal) and traumatic aneurysms can develop as complications of pituitary surgery. A single case of aneurysms due perhaps to actual tumor infiltration of the arterial wall has been reported. Radiation therapy has rarely been associated with aneurysmal dilatation for nonpituitary tumors and has been reported only once after treatment of a pituitary tumor. Aneurysms may mimic pituitary tumors by producing endocrine disturbances, such as hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, and diabetes insipidus, and by compressing adjacent cranial nerves. Anomalous large arteries, such as the trigeminal or transsellar-carotid variants, may run through the sella, and there is a case reported in which the former was associated with a pituitary tumor. A knowledge of these aneurysmal types and vascular anomalies is essential for the pituitary surgeon. Magnetic resonance imaging is now the radiological procedure of choice in the preoperative assessment of patients suspected of having pituitary tumors or recurrences, because, in addition to depicting the tumor, it defines the arterial anatomy and excludes all but very small coexistent aneurysms.
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PMID:Pituitary tumors and aneurysms: case report and review of the literature. 158 59

Although the pituitary gland is known to harbor metastatic deposits, it is a rare occurrence for a metastatic deposit to appear in a pituitary adenoma. A case is presented of an adenocarcinoma metastatic in an acromegalic patient with a pituitary adenoma. This report adds to the literature of the unusual phenomenon of neoplasm-to-neoplasm metastasis.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma metastatic to a growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma: case report. 163 61

This study was designed for the purpose of investigating a method for in vivo tumor labelling of human GH (hGH) secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary adenoma tissue removed from four acromegalic patients was transplanted into 62 athymic nude mice. After positive GHRH stimulation tests 125I-GHRH(1-44) NH2 was injected intravenously (i.v.) in ten nude mice. 10 min after 125I-GHRH injection, the nude mice were sacrificed, the transplants excised and prepared for light microscopical autoradiography. The mouse pituitary and skeletal muscle specimens served as controls. After the i.v. injection of 125I-GHRH we observed a marked accumulation of silver grains within the adenoma tissue indicating tumor labelling. This study is a first step in investigating a new method for labelling small residues of hGH secreting pituitary adenomas intraoperatively.
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PMID:Autoradiographic demonstration of in vivo 125I-growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) binding by human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas transplanted on athymic nude mice. 163 14

A 19-year-old man with blurred vision, headache, and no signs or symptoms of hormone excess was found to have a pituitary adenoma. The tumor was removed by a transfrontal approach. He had postoperative radiation therapy, but subsequently had three recurrences, all removed surgically. By histology, the tumor was a chromophobic, slightly acidophilic pituitary adenoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in all four biopsies, alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones, and, to a lesser extent, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the third and fourth tumor resection specimens. Ultrastructurally, the tumor had typical features of a silent corticotroph adenoma subtype 2. In tissue culture, the second, third, and fourth specimens released ACTH, alpha-subunit, FSH, and LH and responded to corticotropin-releasing hormone with increased release of ACTH, alpha-subunit, FSH, and LH. To our knowledge only one silent corticotroph adenoma has been reported previously which expressed plurihormonality. Change in immunohistochemical profile in malignant tumors is a well-known phenomenon; however, it was not reported previously in benign pituitary adenomas. The factors accounting for changing tumor phenotype are unknown.
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PMID:Changes in hormone production of a recurrent silent corticotroph adenoma of the pituitary: a histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and tissue culture study. 164 19


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