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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anticarcinogenic effects of the fumaric acid was studied in two rat models of carcinogenesis. Tumors of the esophagus, forestomach, tongue and throat were induced by peroral instillation of 35 mg/kg body weight N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine, and neurogenic and renal ones--by transplacental injection of 75 mg/kg body weight N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. The fumaric acid given in drinking water in the dose of 1 g/l at the postinitiation stage of the carcinogenesis was shown to inhibit the development of esophageal papilloma, brain glioma and mesenchymal tumors of the kidney.
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PMID:[The anticarcinogenic effects of fumaric acid on models of carcinogenesis in the esophagus, nervous system and kidney]. 130 Aug 6

Infection of the external human urogenital system with human papillomavirus has been implicated with the development of genital cancer. A modified polymerase chain reaction technique has been used to evaluate type specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of unique E6 to E7 transforming regions of human papillomavirus genomes (types 6b/11, 16 and 18) in a morphological spectrum of in situ (carcinoma in situ) and invasive neoplasm of the penis. We studied 15 examples of carcinoma in situ [7 bowenoid and 8 nonbowenoid (squamoid or simplex)], 11 of invasive squamous carcinoma, 1 of verrucous carcinoma, 2 of verrucous hyperplasia, 1 of urethral adenocarcinoma and 1 solitary papilloma. Viral DNA was not detected in any of the nonbowenoid specimens of carcinoma in situ, the verrucous carcinoma, the adenocarcinoma or the papilloma of the penis. Human papillomavirus types 6b/11 and 18 specific sequences also were not detectable in any of the specimens examined. However, all 7 of the bowenoid forms of carcinoma in situ were positive for human papillomavirus type 16 DNA. The presence of human papillomavirus type 16 was also detected in 9 of 11 invasive squamous carcinomas and in both verrucous hyperplasias. Our results confirm that the bowenoid forms of intraepithelial neoplasms and most invasive squamous carcinomas contain the E6 to E7 portion of type 16 human papillomavirus genome.
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PMID:Detection of human papillomavirus in squamous neoplasm of the penis. 838 74

Papillomavirus infection of the upper aerodigestive tract is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which can result in complete respiratory obstruction. Papillomas are the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx in children but have been shown to have an equal propensity to occur in adults. The hallmark of this disease is one of multiple recurrences despite adequate surgical removal, often resulting in a frustrating and prolonged clinical course. Multiple treatment modalities have been used throughout the years, unfortunately with limited success. Recent reports on the treatment of virally induced lesions with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) or its newly purified form dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) as photosensitizing agents have appeared in the literature. The successful treatment of papillomas in both the animal model and humans holds great promise. The most commonly used activating light source has been the argon pumped-dye laser (ADL) which produces a continuous wave of coherent light at 630 nm. Although the ADL has proved efficacious in most studies, its cost, size, special cooling water requirements, and large electrical power requirements with limited power output have made it a less than desirable clinical tool. The gold vapor laser (GVL) has been recently proposed as a possible alternate light source for PDT. This laser appears to be more efficient and offers greater power output while requiring less electrical energy than the ADL. The GVL does not produce the same continuous wave light as the ADL but emits pulsed light with high peak power pulses. Some reports have shown a greater tumor response using the GVL at 628 nm, possibly because of greater tissue penetration from the high-peak power pulses. At this time, no studies have investigated the effects of pulsed light during PDT on virally induced papillomas. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed light from a GVL as compared to continuous wave light of the ADL in the treatment of papillomas with DHE phototherapy. Statistical analysis of the rate of tumor response, histological changes, and molecular analysis of viral DNA from the involved tissues were performed. Results have shown that the GVL did produce a greater initial rate of tumor response during the first 3 weeks after PDT but did not improve the overall cure rate. Histological and molecular analysis of the treated tissues demonstrated that similar results were obtained when either the ADL or GVL were used as activating light sources.
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PMID:Comparison of pulsed and continuous wave light in photodynamic therapy of papillomas: an experimental study. 131 91

The prevalence of lower genital neoplasia and Human Papilloma-virus-related genital lesions were evaluated in a cohort of 75 women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at different stages of HIV disease. The overall rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the group studied was 29.3% (22/75). Eight out of 10 high-grade CIN lesions contained 'high-risk' HPV-DNA 16/18 and/or 31/35/51 as demonstrated by 'in situ' hybridization with biotinylated probes. Vulvar and/or perianal condylomata were histologically diagnosed in 14 patients (18.7%); nine of these biopsies contained detectable HPV-DNA which was always related to HPV 6/11. The rate of high-grade CIN in symptomatic HIV-infected patients was 28% (7/25) as compared to 6% (3/50) of the other cases (P = 0.022). CD4 lymphocyte counts, white blood cell counts, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes were lower in patients with high-grade CIN in comparison to the patients with negative colposcopical and/or cytological examination. After adequate standard treatment (cryotherapy, electrocauterization, cold-knife conization) only one case of CIN 2 recurred during the 2 years of follow-up period. The prevalence of lower genital neoplasia and HPV-related lesions among HIV-infected women is high and seems to correlate with the severity of HIV disease.
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PMID:Prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of lower genital neoplasia in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 131 1

Uvomorulin (E-cadherin), a cell adhesion molecule, and Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), a marker protein of the basal-lateral cell membrane domains of polarized epithelial cells, were investigated in a group of mouse skin tumors induced by a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol and in cell lines derived from mouse skin papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Although these two markers were present in benign tumors and in nontumorigenic cell lines, the Na+,K(+)-ATPase showed an altered pattern of distribution that included the presence of enzyme not only in the basolateral domain but also on the apical domain of the cell membrane of basal and spinous cells in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). In higher grade SCC, a loss of Na+,K(+)-ATPase immunoreactivity was simultaneously detected with a marginal or absent expression of uvomorulin. The more differentiated SCC and papillomas expressed less uvomorulin immunoreactivity than normal epidermal cells. Both markers were seen in tumor cell lines that produced well-differentiated SCC after subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice. Neither Na+,K(+)-ATPase nor uvomorulin could be detected in cell lines that produced high grade, poorly differentiated SCC. Northern blots confirmed the absence of uvomorulin mRNA in these highly malignant cell lines. These data indicate that progression from premalignant papilloma to low-grade SCC and subsequently to high-grade SCC is accompanied by loss of epithelial cell polarity as detected by changes in Na+,K(+)-ATPase and by decreased or absent expression of uvomorulin in tumors and cell lines characterized by an advanced malignant phenotype.
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PMID:Alterations in the expression of uvomorulin and Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase during mouse skin tumor progression. 131 85

Human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV 16) DNA is found in about 50% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and this association has raised the possibility of a causal role for HPV 16 in cervical carcinogenesis. We have tested this hypothesis by assaying a series of biopsies (n = 119) ranging from normal mucosa to infiltrating SCC with the PCR-technique for the presence of HPV 16 DNA. While HPV 16 DNA was detected in 50% of our cases with invasive SCC, the incidence of HPV 16-positive samples was about 10% in all other biopsies ranging from normal mucosa to cases of carcinoma in situ. HPV 16 therefore appears to be involved in late tumor promotion but not in early tumor development.
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PMID:Increased detection of HPV 16 virus in invasive, but not in early cervical cancers. 131 24

Little is known regarding the molecular genetic events in head and neck carcinoma. Epidemiological evidence suggests that both alcohol and tobacco use are related to the development of these neoplasms, and viral infections have also been postulated to play a role in some tumors. Loss of p53 tumor suppressor gene function has been found in many malignancies and can occur through either gene mutation or by interaction with the E6 protein of oncogenic human papilloma viruses (HPV). Because the mucosal surfaces of the head and neck are exposed to mutagens and HPVs, we studied DNA derived from 30 stage I-IV squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (9 primary tumors and 21 early passage cell lines) for p53 gene mutations as well as for the presence of oncogenic HPV DNA. Exons 2 through 11 of the p53 gene were examined using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by direct genomic sequencing of all variants. HPV detection was done using polymerase chain reaction amplification with HPV E6 region type specific primers as well as L1 region degenerate ("consensus") primers; HPV type was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified fragment as well as by Southern blotting of genomic DNA. Sixteen of 30 tumors (53%) had p53 mutations and oncogenic HPV DNA was detected in 3 of 30 (10%) tumors, none of which had p53 mutations. The p53 mutational spectrum observed was characterized by equal frequencies of transversions (6 of 16), transitions (5 of 16), and deletions (5 of 16). This distribution of mutations differs from the spectrum of p53 mutation reported in esophageal (P = 0.05) and lung (P = 0.02) cancers, two other tobacco associated neoplasms. A previously undescribed clustering of 3 mutations at codon 205 was also observed. A trend toward a shorter time to tumor recurrence after treatment was noted for those patients with tumors exhibiting p53 gene mutations, and no relationship between p53 mutations and tumor stage or node status was noted. Alteration in p53 gene function appears common in head and neck cancer, and the mutational spectrum observed may reflect the role of different mutagens or mutagenic processes than those responsible for the p53 mutations in lung and esophageal neoplasms.
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PMID:Occurrence of p53 gene deletions and human papilloma virus infection in human head and neck cancer. 132 97

In the past year, new data have been published on the molecular biology of human papillomavirus infections and their relationship to cervical neoplasia. As molecular techniques have become more sophisticated and as the molecular knowledge of human papilloma-virus infections has been pursued in greater depth, it is increasingly apparent that this human tumor DNA virus is similar to a number of other oncogenic DNA viruses that have been described and well studied. These viruses appear to act through a common pathway of producing oncogenic proteins that interfere with key signalling elements that normally control the process of cell division. With a better mechanistic knowledge, it should be possible to design new therapeutic approaches to treating human papillomavirus-associated disease that are directed toward specific cellular events such as turning off the production of E6 and E7 proteins or restoring the activity of pRB or p53. Increased attention has also been turned to immunologic aspects of HPV infections, and a number of groups are eagerly pursuing the possibility of using simple office-based procedures to detect specific proteins encoded for by the human papillomavirus open reading frames in an attempt to determine who has been infected, is actively infected, and has proteins being produced that are indicative of neoplasia. From the clinical point of view, the use of outpatient excisional techniques such as the loop electrosurgical excision procedure is rapidly supplanting ablative techniques because of their superior ability to identify early invasive carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in situ that have not been detected by colposcopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human papillomavirus. 132 50

Although the cause of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) is attributed to viruses in addition to cofactors (eg, UV light), to our knowledge, the final causative agent has not been described. Bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-like particles were detected in approximately 33% of various putative precursor lesions of BOSCC. In contrast, it was reported that, using BPV-specific antibodies, it was not possible to detect viral antigens in BOSCC. Fourteen established BOSCC and 9 BOSCC-derived cell lines were examined for BPV DNA. Probes of all 6 known BPV types were used in various hybridization assays. Neither Southern blot analysis, under high and low stringency conditions, nor in situ hybridization resulted in detection of BPV DNA. Papilloma viruses were not observed in electron microscopic studies. Results exclude direct association between BOSCC and BPV types 1 to 6, or as yet unknown closely related BPV types. However, BPV may contribute to induction of precursor lesions or events leading to carcinogenic transformation, without being relevant for maintenance of the tumor.
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PMID:Search for bovine papilloma virus DNA in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCC) and BOSCC-derived cell lines. 132 85

Four cases of conjunctival papilloma in two different patients were examined by in situ hybridization for HPV DNA type 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/51. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were hybridized by biotinylated probes. One tumor and one of its recurrences showed nuclear positivity for HPV 6/11 in the superficial cells of the epithelium. The results suggest that HPV type 6/11 may be etiologic agent of conjunctival papillomas. The benign behavior of these neoplasms may be related to the etiologic role of this type of HPV.
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PMID:Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA type 6/11 in a conjunctival papilloma by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes. 133


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