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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of antigens may be detected in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence and distribution of five antigens in 37 HCC and their relation to each other in a given tumor was examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. alpha 1-Antitrypsin was frequently expressed in HCC (73 per cent of cases), whereas alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were less common. HBsAg, but not HBcAg, was observed in tumor cells in seven of nine HCC from HBsAg-positive patients. In 20 HCC (54 per cent), two or more antigens, most frequently alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein, were detected. Double staining for simultaneous localization of two antigens in the same tissue section revealed that different antigens were usually present in different tumor cells, although some cells displayed two antigens simultaneously. These findings suggest that hepatocellular carcinoma cells are functionally heterogeneous, even if they appear histologically monomorphic.
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PMID:Distribution of five antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 43

We describe the establishment and characterization of WiDr, a cell line derived from a human colon carcinoma. It produces carcinoembryonic antigen in culture, and has a doubling time of 15 hr with plating efficiency of 51%. The HLA antigenic profile and the allozyme genetic signature (composed of eight gene-enzyme systems) of WiDr cells are different from those of HeLa cells. Furthermore, WiDr cells possess three marker chromosomes, again distinct from the HeLa marker chromosomes. Finally, it is highly tumorigenic in four different xenogeneic animal models. Based on these studies, WiDr represents a useful model cell line for tumor cell biology investigations.
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PMID:Characterization of the WIDR: a human colon carcinoma cell line. 9 12

Lung tumor-associated antigens of approximately 32,000 daltons were recognized by the use of sensitive radioimmunoassays and rabbit antisera, one raised against an extract of pooled human malignant lung tissues and another raised against a cell line derived from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. These antigens differ from antigens described previously, including carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. The antigens were detected on 13 of 13 lung tumors (of all histologic types), fetal tissue, normal brain, 2 of 8 colon tumors, 2 of 9 prostate tumors, and 2 of 3 breast tumors, as well as on cell lines derived from lung tumors, neuroblastoma, human amnion, colon adenocarcinoma, and bladder tumors. They were not detectable on normal lung, liver, kidney, colon, or prostate tissues or on cell lines derived from osteosarcoma, fetal lung fibroblasts, transitional cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Lung tumors of different histologic types were concluded to express common, tumor-associated oncofetal antigens that are found less often on tumors of other organs.
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PMID:Human lung tumor-associated antigens of 32,000 daltons molecular weight. 9 95

Two cases of liver metastases from gastric carcinoma are described in which the simultaneous occurrences of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPALP) were demonstrated in the sera and tumor tissues. AFP was detected not only in the tumor tissues but also in the liver tissue adjacent to the tumor, while the other 2 carcinoembryonic proteins were not detected in the non cancerous liver tissues. The characteristics of CPALP in Case 1 were almost similar to the Nagao isoenzyme, based on enzyme tests involving L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and EDTA inhibitions, heat-stability and Michaelis constant, except for electrophoretical slower moving, while that in Case 2 were identical to variant type CPALP (Warnock).
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic proteins in gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver. 9 60

Indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay with specific rabbit antisera demonstrated the occurrence of alphafetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in primary testicular tumor cells. Embryonal carcinomas had AFP- and CEA-containing cells, sometimes PLAP. PLAP and sometimes CEA were found in seminoma cells. Sera from patients with advanced non-seminomatous tumors could contain any of these antigens or any combination of them. Sera from patients with seminomas had raised PLAP or CEA. PLAP appears to be a new marker for seminoma.
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PMID:Placental alkaline phosphatase, alphafetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in testicular tumors. Tissue typing by means of cytologic smears. 9 92

Hybridoma cells which secrete colorectal carcinoma-specific antibodies have been produced and used to study the antigenic structure of these tumor cells. Nineteen antibodies have been studied in detail, and 15 of these are colorectal carcinoma specific. Only two antibodies reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been discovered and five other antibodies that react with distinct epitopes on the cell surface have been defined. Several antigens with distinct molecular characteristics have been shown to exist by use of hybridoma antibodies. Six hybridoma antibodies have been shown to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma antigens detected by hybridoma antibodies. 9 99

The literature on tumor distinctive markers in ovarian cancer has been reviewed. Various immunological and biochemical approaches have been attempted for the diagnosis and management of patients with ovarian cancer. The complex spectrum of antigens that can be detected in human ovarian cancer consists of several tumor-associated antigens, fetal or carcinoembryonic antigens, carcinoplacental markers, and normal tissue antigens. We have described and partially characterized two ovarian tumor-associated antigens designated as OCAA and OCAA-1, which seem to have potential for the immunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer. Several other investigators have carried out similar studies, but in general their serological characterization of these antigens has been limited. The well-defined embryonic proteins that have been examined in the ovarian cancer include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fp), beta-oncofetal antigen (BOFA), Regan and Nagao isoenzymes and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The presence of pregnancy-zone protein (PZP) has also been reported in ovarian cancer. In addition, several normal tissue components include fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), alpha 1-globulin, and urokinase have been found associated with ovarian cancer. Both humoral antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor-associated antigens can be measured in ovarian cancer patients. In addition, serum factors, which block cellular immune reactions, have been identified. However, progress in this area has been hampered by the complexity of the antigens associated with ovarian tumors and the lack of standardized, well-characterized sources of antigens or target cells. Enzymes, especially those involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis, (eg, glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases and glycosidase) have been explored as possible early biochemical indicators of ovarian neoplasia. A serum specific deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase has been found in patients with ovarian cancers. Of all the glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases studied, galactosyltransferase has been found to be the best enzyme marker for ovarian adenocarcinoma. The determination of serum levels of this enzyme reflected the clinical status of the patient with respect of tumor progression as well as tumor burden. Recently, assay of a phosphodiesterase, which specifically hydrolyzes cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid, has been found promising in the detection and management of patients with ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Tumor markers for ovarian cancer. 9 53

This paper describes the purification and partial characteristics of a putative oncofetal antigen, POA, which appears to be associated with the pancreas. POA is a glycoprotein of molecular weight between 800,000 and 900,000 daltons. It is found in fetal pancreas and pancreas cancer tissue, but not in normal adult pancreas. It is clearly different from carcinoembryonic antigen, other known tumor associated antigens, acute phase reactants and normal serum proteins. A quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay was developed for POA. Its specificity was monitored routinely by double immunodiffusion against known fetal and adult standards. The assay was performed on sera from over 700 patients. The results demonstrate that POA is found in the sera of most individuals. However, by far the highest absolute levels and the highest frequency of elevated levels was found in sera of patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. Elevated levels of POA were also found in the serum of a proportion of patients with carcinomas of the lung, stomach, colon, biliary tract, and breast and in a few other individuals with benign conditions. The spectrum of patients who have elevated levels of POA in their serum is quite different from that found with CEA or other known tumor markers.
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PMID:Studies on an oncofetal antigen, POA. 10 Dec 95

A rabbit antiserum to first-trimester human fetal tissue had greater reactivity in complement fixation and saturation binding assays with fetal tissues than with both a pool of normal adult lung, liver, and kidney and pools of the individual organs. This anti-fetal membrane reactivity was only partially inhibited by carcinoembryonic antigen. The serum still reacted strongly with human fetal and tumor cells after rendering it specific for plasma membrane components by adsorption to and elution from intact human fetal tissue culture cells. This plasma membrane-specific serum was then used to monitor the purification of the fetal membrane-associated antigens. The fetal antigens copurified with the putative plasma membrane enzymatic markers 5'-nucleotidase and Mg2+-adenosinetriphosphatase through differential and density gradient centrifugation. Insulin-binding activity only partially copurified with the antigenic activity. Little antigenic activity was found in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions. The isolation protocol gives fetal plasma membrane-associated antigens in approximately 50% yield with moderate purification. The sera and isolation procedures described should have general utility for the detection of human oncofetal antigens.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of plasma membranes bearing human fetal-associated antigens. 14 4

Evidence for the presence of tumor-associated gynecologic tumor antigens from our laboratory and others is presented. Tumor-associated antigens have been described for invasive carcinoma of the cervix and mucinous carcinoma of the ovary with cross-reacting antigens in malignant vulvar tissue. The provocative finding of a cross-reacting antigen in malignant cervical, vulvar and ovarian tissue raises the possibility of a common etiologic agent. The hope of the clinician is to utilize the tumor antigens in diagnosis and therapy. However, it is necessary to caution against overzealous acceptance so the carcinoembryonic antigen story is not repeated.
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PMID:A review of tumor antigens in gynecologic malignancies. 16 63


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