Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-four patients with carcinoma of the colon have been followed with serial determinations of plasma CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) levels over a 3-year period using the Hansen assay. Nine hundred twelve CEA determinations have been made in these patients. Plasma CEA levels rose in 90% of the instances of clinical progression documented in these patients. In 30% of patients, this rise indicated progression 6 months or more before it was detected by standard clinical methods. Unfortunately, a few patients never developed elevated CEA levels even though disease clearly progressed. False positive results have also been encountered, with significant elevations occurring in patients who have since remained without evidence of disease for several months. Our data indicate that at least two sequential elevated CEA values, the second being higher, must be a minimal criterion for consideration of possible progression of disease. Even with this standard, we have encountered false positive results in 10% of our patients, indicating recurrence or progression where none has occurred clinically. CEA measurement is of limited usefulness for 30 days after curative surgery, because the elevation of CEA levels due to the original amount of tumor present as well as due to surgery per se may persist for this length of time in a significant number of patients. On the other hand, CEA levels have responded to chemotherapy in close correlation with observed clinical course in those patients with metastatic disease treated in this series. Initial pretherapy CEA values have so far proved to be good prognostic indicators of disease course following complete resection. With an initial CEA value of less than 2.5 ng/ml of plasma, recurrent has been rare (1/20). If the pretreatment CEA was greater than 7.0 ng/ml, it has been the rule (7/9).
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PMID:CEA as a monitor of gastrointestinal malignancy. 111 49

A single homogeneous isomeric species of carcinoembryonic antigen was isolated by reference to solubility in 0.9 M perchloric acid, isoelectric focusing, molecular exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, passage through immuno-absorbants, and isopyknic density gradient ultracentrifugation. The final product, representing approximately 1.8% of the perchloric acid soluble glycoprotein of the tumor, is homogeneous and devoid of other proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This single species of carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA-S, has a sedimentation velocity of 6.6, a diffusion constant of 3.05 times 10-minus 7 cm-2/sec, a mean Stokes radius of 65 A, a density of 1.41 ml/g in cesium chloride and an estimated molecular weight of 181,000, and it is devoid of detectable A or B blood-group antigens. Immunochemical studies demonstrate qualitative similarities between CEA-S and conventional carcinoembryonic antigens; however, competitive inhibition analyses demonstrate significant quantitative immunochemical differences between CEA-S and preparations of carcinoembryonic antigen. These results are consistent with the concept that CEA-S is an immunochemical isomer of carcinoembryonic antigen.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a homogeneous isomeric species of carcinoembryonic antigen: cea-s. 114 Aug 71

Samples of tumor and normal mucosa from 32 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colorectum were examined for their capacity to bind radioiodinated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) lgG. Twenty-three (72%) of the tumors bound significantly more antibody than the respective normal mucosa. The results indicate that radiolabeled anti-CEA may be useful in the in vivo localization of CEA-producing tumors and metastases in man, and may have application in vitro as a diagnostic marker of precancerous change in colorectal biopsies from patients at risk of developing colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Radioiodinated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen: binding to normal and cancerous human colon in vitro. 115 17

A total of 190 patients being treated or followed up for urothelial carcinoma have been studied by the serial estimation of their urinary and plasma CEA levels. Only 46% of patients with a urothelial neoplasm present have a raised urinary CEA level. Infection or ileal conduit urine vitiate the result as they produce high CEA levels in the urine in the absence of any neoplastic disease. The accuracy of urinary CEA estimations is compared with that of cytology. Plasma CEA levels do not serve as a useful guide to the presence of extra-urinary tract tumour spread if taken as isolated readings. However, serial plasma CEA estimations may indicate that metastatic disease is present several months before its detection by the more usual clinical methods in a minority of patients.
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PMID:Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like molecules and urothelial malignancy: a clinical appraisal. 116 65

Urine and serum samples from patients with bladder carcinomas were studied for the occurrence of and variations in CEA content before, during, and after radiation therapy. The concentration of CEA-like substances in urine increased with a more advanced clinical stage of the tumor, although there were large intercase variations. In serum, slightly increased values were noted only in advanced cases. During radiation therapy, high CEA values were found at around mid-course. This could be related to a breakdown of tumor tissue. Judging from data for urine from radiation-treated prostatic carcinomas without known tumors in the bladder, radiation alone was not responsible for the elevation of CEA. Urinary infections contributed to raised levels of CEA-like substances in some cases. At the end of successful radiation therapy (as verified by cystoscopy, cytology, and clinical examination), 25 patients had CEA values in the urine comparable to normal values (14 +/- 7 ng CEA/ml). The decrease was significant from the initial values to those after radiotherapy (p less than 0.01). Four patients whose tumors persisted had high values (68 +/- 46 ng CEA/ml). In patients who had previously received radiation treatment for bladder carcinomas, CEA values were high in 20 with recurrences (58 +/- 36 ng CEA/ml) while they were lower in 13 who were free of recurrence (14 +/- 6 ng CEA/ml). These findings indicate that urinary CEA determinations may be used in the immediate followup and management of patients treated for bladder carcinoma. It also appears to be of prognostic significance.
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PMID:Measurement of urinary CEA-like substance. An aid in management of patients with bladder carcinoma. 117 43

The relation of CEA plasma levels to prognostic factors was studied in 170 patients with various stages of colo-rectal cancer. Several parameters of known relevance for the prognosis were analyzed. Among the patients with involvement of regional lymph nodes at the time of the primary, 53% had a raised CEA value (greater than 5 ng/ml serum) as opposed to 21% when this was not the case (p less than 0.05%). When serosal break-through had occured, 47% of the patients had raised values compared to 21% of those with no serosal break-through (p less than 0.02%). After radical surgery, all patients who remained healthy acquired persistent low plasma CEA, giving the assay a prognostic value. Altogether 20 patients had local recurrences without distant metastases and were thus potential candidates for a re-operation for cure. 70% had raised CEA plasma values, giving the assay a better than expected usefulness in the clinical follow-up, the significance of the difference from operated and healthy patients or healthy control persons being high, p less than 0.001%. The secondary rise in CEA appeared to be unconnected with whether or not the primary tumor had been accompanied by raised plasma CEA. The localization and the histopathological differentiation of the primary tumor seemed to be of less importance for the serum CEA than the dissemination of the tumor.
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PMID:CEA levels at recurrence and metastases; importance for detecting secondary disease. 120 21

Preoperative plasma CEA levels were measured in 93 selected patients with histologically defined colorectal adenomata removed at fibroptic colonoscopy in order to determine whether CEA levels are elevated in patients with colonic polyps, or vary with different histologic patterns. None of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease, previous history of carcinoma, or evidence of liver disease. Fifteen percent of the patients had elevated CEA levels (greater than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml; Hansen method), and two-thirds of these were between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml. Increased association of elevated CEA levels was noted with old age, villous adenomas (2- to 4-fold), and increased tumor size (greater than 2.3-cm diameter; 2-fold), but not with foci of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ as such. One-half (7/14) of the patients with elevated CEA levels showed the following: two patients had villous tumors with carcinoma in situ, one had a villous adenoma, two had mixed villous and tubular adenomas (with a high proportion of villous pattern), and two were subsequently shown to have carcinoma elsewhere in the colon. It is uncertain that the polyps were the source of the elevated circulating CEA levels; other factors including smoking and patient selection need to be considered. This preliminary study suggests that patients with colorectal adenomata and elevated circulating CEA may be at higher risk for the development of carcinoma. Further follow-up studies of the malignant potential of the polyp-bearing colon are essential.
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PMID:CEA levels in patients with colorectal polyps. 120 57

Two hundred and twenty-eight patients who were treated for carcinoma of the lung were followed and their plasma CEA levels assessed at intervals during the course of the disease. In addition, plasma samples were taken from 487 healthy blood donors for comparison as a control. CEA assay is not selective or specific enough, at this time, to be used for screening purposes even though 68% of the patients who have lung cancer will have an elevated concentration of CEA regardless of the histological cell type. In patients with plasma levels of CEA above 15 ng/ml the prognosis is uniformly poor. CEA in the author's view does have value as a prognostic marker capable of suggesting the successful resection of a tumor and to a lesser degree confirming the clinical objective response to the radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It was found that the presence of CEA was not necessarily related to the volume of the tumor or the site of organ metastasis, but reflects the metabolic properties and characteristics of the individual tumor as it occurs in the patient.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in 228 patients with carcinoma of the lung. 120 64

Immunological studies on human colonic tumors were oriented in two ways according to their methodology: immunochemistry or cellular immunology methods. Immunochemical studies allowed to characterized several tumor associated antigens although no one was proved as cancer specific. The most famous of these antigens is no doubt the carcinoembryonic antigen of the digestive system or shortly CEA. This is a perchlorosoluble glycoprotein which is associated to the apical pole of glandular cells. It is found in relatively large amounts in colonic carcinomas, mainly the well differentiated ones, and in traces in non cancerous colonic mucosa. By radioimmunoassay CEA level was found elevated above 2,5 ng/ml in most of the sera of patients bearing a digestive cancer but also in a fair number of patients having non-digestive cancer or an inflammatory disease involving or not the digestive system. Morever CEA increase is noted in only one third of incipient colonic carcinomas. CEA assay is thus not reliable for diagnostic of colon cancers, specially the localized ones. On the contrary, this assay seems to be of great value in the follow-up of patients operated for colonic carcinoma. Cellular immunology methods aim to characterize the reactivity of patients lymphocytes to antigens carried by their own tumor. Results obtained by microcytotoxicity are now questioned. Migration inhibition of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoblastic transformation give perhaps more reliable informations. The same is likely true for skin tests made in cancerous patients with extracts of their own tumor.
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PMID:[Immunologic research on human colonic cancer]. 121 27

Fifty-eight patients with Dukes' C classification of carcinoma of the large bowel were placed on adjuvant immuno- or chemoimmunotherapy with Bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) or combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus BCG following primary and definitive surgery, and were followed for up to 21 months. Of twenty-six patients receiving BCG alone by scarification, five have relapsed with 75% of freedom from disease estimated at 15.1 months compared with 10.1 months in a group of carefully selected historical controls who had surgery alone (p = 0.12). The survival of all patients receiving BCG alone has not reached the 75 percentile yet, and the difference from controls is currently estimated at the 18% level. The combination of 5-FU plus BCG (studied in 32 patients) may be superior to BCG alone at this time, in that it appears to more effectively protect against tumor recurrence (75 percentile not yet reached compared to control, (p = 0.08). The survival of patients on 5-FU plus BCG also appears to be improved (p = 0.09). No patients have expired compared to a 75 percentile survival of 16.6 months in the control. Serial determination of plasma CEA was crucial in the clinical follow-up of these patients. Frequent CEA detetminations have led to early detection of clinical relapse. In the elevation of CEA suggests tumor recurrence with a high degree of probability in patients with past history of cancer of the large bowel.
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PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in colorectal cancer of the Dukes' C classification. Preliminary clinical results. 121 60


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