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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although regulations for treating trophoblastic disease have been established, the diagnostic standards and biological behavior of the microscopic mole are not always described distinctly. I observed morphological changes in the various villi existing between abortion villi and normal villi or total mole and investigated problems related to the microscopic mole. As a result, (1) the disappearance of the villous vessels, central liquefaction and proliferation of the villous cells were observed, though at a low incidence, not only in patients with abortion but also in those with normal villi; (2) When the short axis of the villi was 1,000 microns or less, there were no patients in which villus vessels disappeared, or central liquefaction or proliferation of the villous cells occurred; (3) Among patients with villi having a short axis of 1,000 microns or more, there were patients in whom trophoblastic disease could not be completely distinguished from total mole. A successive tumor developed in 2 patients in the group with (3) findings; (4), I propose that patients who satisfy the criteria in (3), above, should be regarded as those with microscopic mole while others should be regarded as those with hydropic degeneration in a narrow sense.
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PMID:[Morphological investigation in microscopic mole]. 150 Aug 7

In two patients suffering from congenital oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota) orbital, osseous, meningeal, and cerebral manifestations are documented. In a 38-year-old European with a nevus of Ota on the right side an ipsilateral orbital tumor was diagnosed and surgically removed. The histological examination revealed a primary spindle shaped malignant melanoma of the orbit. In addition, many benign melanocytes were found in the optic nerve, in the extraocular muscles, in the orbital fat tissue, and in the dura of the sphenoid. In a 17-year-old Ethiopian with a nevus of Ota of the right side an increase in size of the pigmented process was observed during puberty in the orbital fat tissue, in the extraocular muscles, in the optic nerve, in the periorbital bones, in the temporal muscle, and in the cortex of the frontal brain lobe. A deep excision from the lower eye lid revealed a histologically benign oculo-orbito-dermal melanocytosis. An irradiation was performed because of growth again after segmental excision, however without success. In the ipsilateral eye a secondary open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed. In the nevus of Ota an involvement of the orbit and of the meningo-cerebral tissue must be considered.
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PMID:[Orbital, osseous, meningeal and cerebral findings in oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota). Clinico-histopathologic correlation in 2 patients]. 150 91

In the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumors, the assessment of the overall architectural pattern (silhouette) is often essential. We have previously shown by a computer simulation model that tumor patterns are likely to depend on the relative degrees of proliferation and motility of the tumor cells. In this study, we examined the morphological pattern of 12 cases each of nevocellular nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma by image analysis. The patterns of the individual melanocytic skin tumors were compared statistically with patterns generated by computer simulation, which facilitates estimates of biological properties of the tumor cells. Additionally, mitotic counts were made to measure tumor cell proliferation. A comparison of the three diagnostic groups revealed that the cells of nevocellular nevi show a low degree of motility, which, however, still exceeds the very low degree of proliferation. Thus, an "invasive" pattern with numerous small nests and single cells at the base of the lesion is common. In primary malignant melanoma, tumor cell motility and tumor cell proliferation are significantly increased in various proportions, thus leading to varying morphological patterns. In metastatic melanoma, a strikingly elevated degree of proliferation exceeds the only slightly elevated degree of motility and leads to sharply demarcated, "expansive" lesions. To check the validity of the technical procedure, estimates of proliferation based on pattern analysis alone were compared with the results obtained by mitotic counts. There was a significant correlation, indicating that the assumptions of the computer model and the image analysis procedure are in fact applicable to real-life melanocytic skin tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship of tumor cell motility and morphologic patterns. Part 1. Melanocytic skin tumors. 151 Feb 20

In an attempt to improve bifunctional chelate labelling of Mab, we investigated the use of a polyamino acid backbone for multiple DTPA substitutions. Poly-L-lysine (PL) (3.8 Kd, n = 25) was partially acetylated with MADTPA to yield 11 moles of DPTA per mole of PL. The average numbers of DTPA on PL were directly quantified with MADTPA-C-14. The remaining epsilon amino groups on PL-DTPA (I) were measured with TNBS reagent. A selective maleimide derivatization of (I) with S-SMPB yielded (II), which contains 2.3 moles of maleimide groups per mole of (I). The sulfhydryl activation of Mab-TP41.2F(ab')2 with 2-Iminothiolane hydrochloride produced (III), containing 1.3 moles of sulfhydryl groups per mole of Mab. Compounds (II) and (III) were combined to form a single thioether-spaced chain linkage of Mab-PL-DTPA (IV), which was subsequently chelated with 111In to yield (V), which was the compound of interest. Indium-111-PL-DTPA (VI) and 111In-DTPA-MabTP41.2F(ab')2 (VII) also were prepared for control studies. Direct cell binding assay revealed the mean immunoreactivity of (V) to be 79.4% and that of (VII) to be 39.5%. In a biodistribution study on melanoma tumor-bearing athymic mice at 4, 24, and 48 hr postinjection, the tumor/blood and tumor/liver ratios at 48 hr were 11.6 and 1.2 for (V), compared to 3.7 and 0.13, respectively, with (VII). Thus, the PL configuration for radiolabeled antibodies seems to result in decreased hepatic accumulation and retained tumor activity. The findings suggest that further studies of this new compound are warranted.
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PMID:Reduced hepatic accumulation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies with indium-111-thioether-poly-L-lysine-DTPA-monoclonal antibody-TP41.2F(ab')2. 155 42

To increase detection of melanoma, medical practitioners and the general public should know the signs of early invasive melanoma. The Scottish Melanoma Group recently presented a revised checklist of the major and minor signs. The validity of the reported clinical and histopathologic criteria for the dysplastic nevus, a precursor to cutaneous melanoma, is not fully established. However, expert pathologists agreed on the use of major and minor criteria. The differential diagnosis between spindle-epitheloid cell nevi and melanoma remains problematic, because the former lesions often show cellular atypia. Other lesions that can cause considerable diagnostic difficulties are melanoma in situ and minimal-deviation melanoma. Immunohistochemical studies of human melanocytic lesions have contributed to the diagnosis of poorly differentiated tumors but, so far, have not helped in the discrimination among benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. They have provided additional prognostic information in cases of primary melanoma and locoregional melanoma metastasis. Quality control of antibody reagents continues to be a problem. Microstaging of primary melanoma using Breslow depth and Clark's level of invasion may be subject to considerable intra- and interobserver variation. To improve the accuracy of the measurements, using a vernier scale is recommended. The type of melanoma is relevant in considering clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Acral melanoma (for example, that arise from glabrous skin) has been reported to carry a grave prognosis. Polypoid melanoma may have a less unfavorable outlook than previously thought. DNA cytophotometry provides prognostic information in case of primary melanoma but loses significance when stratified for tumor thickness. In patients with lymph node-positive melanoma, however, DNA ploidy analysis appears to yield additional prognostic information. In the management of primary disease, the width of the surgical excision and whether to approach the regional lymph nodes remain the main issues. A multicenter study conducted by the World Health Organization Melanoma Programme has found that a "narrow" excision is a safe procedure for primary melanomas not thicker than 1 mm. Several investigators underline the need for continued annual follow-up for all melanoma patients; recurrence may occur late. Currently, elective lymph node dissection is not recommended in the management of "thick" primary melanoma. Because data from randomized trials conducted in patients with a tumor of intermediate thickness are not yet available, only guidelines on management offered by experienced surgeons can be given. Patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome should be closely followed so that melanomas can be diagnosed as early as possible.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic diagnosis, staging and prognostic factors of melanoma and management of primary disease. 159 9

Balloon cell malignant melanoma (BCMM) is a rare histologic variant of malignant melanoma (MM). Thirty-four patients with BCMM from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) were studied by means of clinicopathologic correlation and histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods to better define this entity. The cytoplasmic features of the balloon cells observed in BCMM resemble those noticed in balloon cell nevus (BCN), but the presence of nuclear pleomorphism, atypia, and mitoses and the absence of intervening stroma help distinguish BCMM. The cells also show many histochemical, immunochemical, and ultrastructural features of conventional melanoma cells. Although it is generally believed that balloon melanoma cells represent a degenerative change, the immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings suggest that the balloon tumor cells are most likely metabolically active melanocytic cells. Microscopically, BCMM also must be differentiated from other clear cell tumors such as clear cell sarcoma (MM of soft parts), hibernoma, xanthoma, sebaceous neoplasms, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, (malignant) clear cell acrospiroma, (malignant) granular cell tumor, granular (clear) cell basal cell carcinoma, clear cell syringoma, and atypical fibroxanthoma. The prognosis of BCMM usually correlates with the tumor thickness similar to that in other histologic types of cutaneous MM. Nineteen (57.5%) of 33 patients with adequate follow-up information died of disseminated tumors from 2 months to 12 years after the initial treatment. Six (18.2%) patients developed local recurrences: four of these patients died of metastasis and two were alive with metastatic tumor at last contact. Five (15.2%) patients were alive with metastatic tumors, and seven (21.2%) were alive without evidence of disease at last contact. Recognition of BCMM is important because of its malignant biologic behavior.
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PMID:Balloon cell malignant melanoma of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of 34 cases with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural observations. 159 88

Pigmented vulvar lesions, including diffuse hyperpigmentation, are present in 10% to 12% of white women. About 2% of them are nevocellular nevi. In general, nevi on the vulva are identical by morphologic and histopathologic criteria to nevi elsewhere on the body, with the exception of a small subset of nevi in younger women. Nevi in this subset have the unusual features of enlarged junctional nests that are variable in size, shape, and position. The long-term biologic behavior of these nevi has not been determined. Other benign pigmented lesions include lentigines, melanosis, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, seborrheic keratoses, and warts. Malignant pigmented lesions include some cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and melanoma. Melanoma of the vulva has a poorer prognosis overall than melanoma on the torso, apparently because of the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, improving mortality rates depends to some extent on earlier diagnosis. Management of female patients includes careful inspection of the vulva with each full-skin or gynecologic examination, followed by biopsy of any suspicious lesion. The need for excision of benign nevocellular and melanocytic lesions is dependent on the histopathology. Because there are no long-term prospective studies of vulvar melanosis and the group of unusual vulvar nevi, treatment must be individualized.
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PMID:Pigmented lesions of the vulva. 160 65

Tissues from normal human skin and various skin diseases were studied with the immunoperoxidase technique using an antibody to adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), a homologue of human thioredoxin. Normal human skin showed positive immunostaining for ADF/thioredoxin in the outer root sheath of hair follicle, sebaceous glands, and secreting components of apocrine and eccrine sweat units, but not in the unexposed interfollicular epidermis and other parts of both hair follicles and the sweat units. Immunoreactivity of benign skin tumors gave similar distribution to their normal counterparts; trichilemmal cyst, nevus sebaceus, senile sebaceous hyperplasia, and mixed cell tumor were positive for immunostaining, whereas epidermal cyst and pilomatricoma were not. No immunoreactivity was detected in malignant skin tumors such as basal cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Solar keratosis, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, some of metastatic lesions of squamous cell carcinoma, and extramammary Paget's disease reacted with the antibody. These immunoreactivities reflected numerous functions of thioredoxin in higher organisms. Our findings suggest that the expression of ADF/thioredoxin in both normal and abnormal human skin is related to epithelial cell differentiation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical distribution of adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor/thioredoxin in epithelial components of normal and pathologic human skin conditions. 160 73

We examined retrospectively a series of 184 cases of melanocytic neoplasia of the sole observed and treated as out-patients from January 1977 to December 1987, comparing clinical and histological diagnoses. The original clinical diagnoses were divided into nevi, pigmented lesions of suspected malignancy, cutaneous melanomas and others. Of the 170 cases diagnosed clinically as nevus none was of melanoma. The risk that a pigmented skin lesion diagnosed as clinically benign is melanoma is so low as not to constitute a clinical problem. It is concluded that systematic removal of sole nevi is unjustified. If, however, there is the smallest doubt concerning a sole lesion, it should be removed and examined histologically.
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PMID:Melanocytic neoplasia of the sole: diagnosis and therapeutic approach. 164 52

A boy, 9 years, 8 months of age, with hairy pigmented nevi over the trunk, upper extremities, and face with bone deformities characteristic of rickets was admitted because of general weakness and poor appetite for 3 weeks. Repeated examinations demonstrated marked brainstem dysfunction; a brainstem tumor was visualized by computed tomography. The patient died 14 days after admission despite supportive treatment. The relationship between giant intradermal nevocellular nevi and brain tumor is discussed.
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PMID:Giant nevocellular nevi with rickets and brainstem tumor. 166 93


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