Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer is now the second most frequent cause of death in the Federal Republic of Germany. According to medical estimates, surgery is the primary treatment for 80-90% of all tumors, and it is curative in 30-40% with or without concomitant radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is potentially curative in about 7%, immunotherapy in only +/- 0%. After a general discussion of radical and palliative operative techniques, the place of surgery in prophylactic indications, in recurrences, and in metastases is dealt with. Special problems occur in various organ tumors (thyroid, breast, esophagus, stomach, colon, and Wilms' tumors). In Heidelberg, an interdisciplinary oncologic group has been in existence since 1966; this group forms the basis of a tumor center, consisting of the two academic clinics and the German Cancer Research Center. Whether a speciality in surgical oncology is also needed in Germany is a question for further consideration.
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PMID:[The place of surgery in the modern treatment of cancer (author's transl)]. 8 20

Growth characteristics, survival time, sex differences and hormonal effects, and various biochemical parameters were evaluated in a transplantable Furth/Wistar rat Wilms' tumor model. Survival time was dependent on site of tumor transplant and ranged from a mean of 28 days for intrarenal implantation to 44 days intramusculary. Maximum tumor weight (130 g) was obtained via subcutaneous implant. Lung metastasis was evident in the majority of animals with the exception of those receiving the tumor implant intraperitoneally. The levels of erythropoietin and serum calcium and phosphatase were comparable to control values whereas hematocrit levels declined. Tumor tissue arginase or total protein remained unchanged during tumor growth. In these same tissues DNA, content and 5-alpha-reductase activity significantly and progressively increased with concomitant tumor growths. Measurements of lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and their isoenzymes indicated patterns of liver involvement which were not macroscopically evident. After 31 days of subcutaneous tumor transplant, male and female rats had tumors of comparable weights. Orchiectomy or estradiol treatment significantly reduced tumor weight in males. In female rats testosterone treatment significantly increased tumor weights. DNA concentration in tumor tissue was unaffected by treatment. Similiarly, although 5-alpha-reductase activity was higher in tumors from males, and arginase higher in females, these enzymes were not affected by surgical or hormonal treatment.
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PMID:Characterization of a Wilms' tumor model. 16 21

Measurement of erythropoietin levels was achieved in urine, plasma and tumor extract specimens in 27 Wilms tumor patients. Good correlation of the stage of the disease, the clinical judgment of inactive or responding tumor foci and erythropoietin levels was noted. Erythropoietin levels are believed to reflect ectopic hormone production by the primary or secondary tumor. Since the erythropoietin hormone assayed in these and other Wilms tumor patients was not associated with polycythemia, it is believed that Wilms tumor-associated erythropoietin differs in some manner from the hormone produced normally in man and possible in other states associated with secondary polycythemia. Etythropoietin assay with further purification and technical development can be of additional widespread assistance in the clinical classification and subsequent management of the tumor state. Our study confirms this biological potential.
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PMID:Ectopic production of erythropoietin in Wilms tumor patients in relation to clinical stage and disease activity. 16 80

A patient with a malignant retroperitoneal teratoma that contained Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma is described. The rarity of renal tissue in teratoma, and the possible mode of development of Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma in such a tumor are discussed.
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PMID:Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma in retroperitoneal teratoma. 16 78

A new case of the fetal gigantism-renal hamartomas-nephroblastomatosis syndrome is described, in which a Wilms' tumor occurred. It is considered that this observation provides strong evidence for the interrelationship between renal dysplasia and renal neoplasia.
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PMID:Syndrome of fetal gigantism, renal hamartomas, and nephroblastomatosis with Wilms' tumor. 16 79

We report the occurrence of pathologically documented Wilm's tumor in a 24-month-old male twin and just 9 months later in his 12-month-old male sibling. We considered the twins to be monozygotic because of their phenotypic similarities, the probability computed from analysis of blood groups, and the comparison of their dermatoglphics. There were no other persons in the kindred with either tumor or associated malformations, and the parents were not consanguineous. Because of the frequency of Wilm's tumor, the few instances of demonstrated occurrence in siblings seem insufficient to postulate monogenic determination. Concordance in monozygotic twins has simply not been proven. The monozygotic unaffected twin of our first patient has remained without evidence of tumor to 5 years, and, as long as he remains so, he appears to represent an exception to the hypothesis of the mutagenic origin of this childhood tumor.
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PMID:Familial occurrence of Wilms' tumor: nephroblastoma in one of monozygous twins and in another sibling. 16 71

A review of the pertinent literature on the relation of erythropoietin production to the presence of renal neoplasm suggests that erythropoietin may be produced either directly by the tumor or indirectly by its physical effect on the adjoining normal renal tissue. The most commonly found tumors which are associated with elevated levels of serum and urinary erythropoietin are the hypernephromas. However, the presence of erythropoietin and an associated erythrocytosis even here occurs only relatively infrequently. Some studies have demonstrated the presence of erythropoietin activity in tumor tissue itself but erythropoietin has not been isolated from renal tumor tissue. In some patients with Wilms' tumor, erythropoietin blood levels may also be increased; however, erythrocytosis in these patients is not a characteristic feature. Other renal tumors rarely produce erythrocytosis and presumably no erythropoietin. Possible explanations for the production of erythropoietin by renal tumors are discussed.
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PMID:Erythropoietin production in renal tumors. 16 17

To determine the long-term effects of therapeutic pulmonary irradiation and treatment with actinomycin D during a period of lung growth, 12 patients treated for Wilms' tumor metastatic to the lung and 8 patients treated for Wilms' tumor with no evidence of pulmonary metastases were studied 7 to 14 years after their initial tumor therapy. All patients had received irradiation to the tumor bed and treatment with actinomycin D. Group 1 had received a single course of bilateral pulmonary irradiation; group 2 had received additional pulmonary irradiation and/or thoracic surgery; group 3 had received no therapeutic irradiation directed primarily to the chest. Total lung capacity (TLC) averaged 71% of predicted value in group 1, 58% in group 2, and 94% in group 3. Diffusing capacity in groups 1 and 2 was reduced to the same extent as lung volume. Quasi-static pressure-volume relationships, studied in three of six patients in group 1, were within the normal range when lung volume was expressed as percentage of observed TLC. Airway resistance, evaluated by spirometry, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, and resistance of the total respiratory system, was normal or reduced. The data support the hypothesis that therapeutic irradiation during a period of lung growth primarily affects the lung parenchyma and produces a decrease in subsequent size of both the lung and chest wall. No effect of actinomycin D alone upon the lung could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Effects of therapeutic irradiation delivered in early childhood upon subsequent lung function. 16 50

Big renin, a relatively inactive renin which possesses a molecular weight larger than that of normal plasma or renal renin, has been demonstrated by gel filtration in certain human plasma, tumor extracts, and amniotic fluid. Big renin was not present in normal plasma or kidney extracts. Plasma from 3 hypertensive patients with nephropathy contained chiefly big renin. Varying proportions of both big and normal renin activity were present in plasma of other patients with hypertension and proteinuria. The renin present in amniotic fluid, which increased in activity following exposure to acid pH, was shown to be big renin in two patients. Large amounts of circulating big renin apparently can cause hypertension in patients with Wilms' tumors. Furthermore, the relatively inactive big renin may replace normal plasma renin in some patients, resulting in low plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Occurrence of big renin in human plasma, amniotic fluid and kidney extracts. 16 87

Sixty-two patients with pulmonary metastases from a variety of primary malignant neoplasms were treated with total-lung irradiation. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis was 21%(13/62) overall, rising to 23% (9/39) in those receiving a tumor dose of 1,500 rads or more. Nine patients with radiation pneumonitis were given chemotherapy (actinomycin D) together with irradiation, and in this group the incidence of radiation pneumonitis was 25%. Five survivors, including 4 treated for metastatic Wilms' tumor, were treated more than 13 months prior to analysis without evidence of disease thus far. Total-lung irradiation for primary malignant neoplasms other than Wilms' tumor does not presently appear to be indicated. A dose of 1,500 rads in 2 weeks in conjunction with actinomycin D is recommended for metastatic Wilms' tumor.
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PMID:Total-lung irradiation in the treatment of pulmonary metastases. 16 12


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