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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myeloma cells of the "wild type" that produce complete immunoglobulin molecules and those of the more usual variant type that display only one kind of chain [either light (L) or heavy (H)] were cocultivated ip and sc in syngeneic BALB/c mice. With each of six deliberately selected variants, a progressive increase in the proportion of wild-type cells was observed; the rate of change suggested that these variants had an approximately 10% slower growth rate than that of the wild-type tumor. In contrast, a variant that arose spontaneously overgrew the wild-type cells. The results may account for a) the stable capacity of most wild-type tumors to produce complete immunoglobulin molecules (L- plus H-chains) over many years, even though they frequently generate variant cells that produce only L- or only H-chains; and b) the occasional spontaneous change of myeloma cell populations from predominantly wild-type to variant cells.
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PMID:In vivo growth advantage of the MOPC-315 mouse myeloma over its immunoselected variants. 40 51

We describe a patient with multiple myeloma characterized by clinically evident extramedullary metastasis and marked anaplastic alterations of neoplastic cells. We describe the technique that detected the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin IgGk in mature plasma cells from paraffin-fixed tissue obtained from an iliac lesion and in anaplastic tumor cells infiltrating a lymph node from which a biopsy specimen was taken three years later. These data confirm that both tissues were composed of a cell with identical origin. In addition, the immunohistochemical technique is applicable for the identification of other antigens present in paraffin-embedded tissue.
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PMID:Identification of intracellular immunoglobulin in extramedullary myeloma. 41 Mar 87

A single radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay for the free lambda (lambda) and kappa (kappa) light chain (LC) immunoglobulins was developed for study of clinical samples of serum, urine, and bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. Using highly specific rabbit anti-LC sera, we were able to quantitate: (a) free serum LC after fractionating the serum sample using an Amicon ultrafiltration chamber equipped with an XM100A diaflow membrane and an 125I-LC standard for calculating filtration efficiencies, (b) directly, Bence Jones (BJ) proteins in the urine, and (c) the in vitro LC synthesis by myeloma plasma cells obtained from bone marrow aspirates. The median values of free LC levels in sera (n = 12), urines (n = 25), and marrow culture synthetic rates (n = 17) were 116.2 mg/dl, 0.775 g/day and 15.3 pg/plasma cell/day, respectively. These data were useful in initial evaluation of patients and serial follow-up studies. The assays have also been of use in our research on the determination of total body tumor mass in patients with BJ multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Immunoquantitation of free light chain immunoglobulins: applications in multiple myeloma. 41 45

Thirteen cases of plasma cell leukemia and 13 cases of nonleukemia plasma cell myeloma were compared with respect to the sizes and shapes of tumor cells in marrow smears. It was demonstrated that the leukemia cells were elongated or ovoid and significantly smaller in size, whereas the myeloma cells were generally more nearly round and larger.
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PMID:Comparison of sizes and shapes of tumor cells in plasma cell leukemia and plasma cell myeloma. 43 39

The genetics of hybrid susceptibility of parental myeloma transplants in histocompatible F1 hybrids was investigated. Various inbred mouse strains and their descendant congenic lines were crossed with BALB/C mice to produce appropriate F1 hybrids. Genetic inferences were drawn from the comparison of the frequencies of tumor graft takes among congenic combinations. Hybrids containing the C57BL/10 genetic background were less susceptible to myeloma transplants than were hybrids of other genotypes. Both H-2-associated and non-H-2-associated genetic factors played significant roles in determining host susceptibility to the transplants. The D end of the major histocompatibility complex did not play a predominant role in determining hybrid susceptibility in C57BL-derived F1 hybrids.
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PMID:Genetics of F1 hybrid susceptibility to myeloma grafts. 44 94

Two hundred fifty-two previously untreated evaluable patients with multiple myeloma were entered into a study testing a regimen of three intravenous alkylating agents, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine (BCNU), given in combination (BCMP) against a regimen employing oral melphalan (MP). Both regimens included a tapering course of prednisone. Objective responses based on the Myeloma Task Force criteria were significantly more frequent in the group receiving BCMP. Survival for the entire group of BCMP-treated patients was not significantly better than that for MP-treated patients (p = 0.62). However, when the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with BCMP was compared with the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with MP, an improvement in survival attributable to BCMP therapy was seen (p = 0.049 and 0.02, respectively). In the good-risk (low and intermediate tumor cell load) group, BCMP treatment resulted in a trend toward poorer survival, but this did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.080 and 0.23, respectively). These results indicate that optimal therapy in myeloma may be dependent on the extent of disease at the time of first treatment. Additional studies to explore the effects of treatment intensity and duration are needed in order to design improved myeloma treatment based on the patient's extent of disease.
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PMID:Improved survival of increased-risk myeloma patients on combined triple-alkylating-agent therapy: a study of the CALGB. 44 61

A 62-year-old woman presenting with intracranial lesion eroding the sella with compression of optic chiasma was found to have plasmacytoma of the pituitary area. At the time of initial surgery, the patient had no biochemical, immunologic or marrow findings of multiple myeloma. The intracranial tumor was interpreted initially as chromophobe adenoma on light microscopy, but the diagnosis of plasmacytoma was established by electron microscopic examination of the tumor. The case illustrates the usefulness of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma masquerading as chromophobe adenoma. 44 46

Total protein and sialic acid levels were determined in the supernatant of serum treated with perchloric acid. Patients with either localized or advanced metastatic malignancy have significantly elevated mean serum values. The highest levels occur in patients with lung, GI, GYN cancer, lymphoma and malignant melanoma. Patients with leukemia and multiple myeloma have slightly elevated values, but they were not significantly different from normal. Patients following curative surgery have normal values while patients in clinical remission following chemotherapy have elevated mean serum protein and NANA levels. Elevated values also occur in patients with benign tumors and 12% of patients with nonmalignant disease. Tumor cells appear to shed macromolecules which contribute to the observed elevation of serum protein and sialic acid levels.
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PMID:Glycoproteins and human cancer. 1. Circulating levels in cancer serum. 44 66

Antisera raised against idiotypic determinants of myeloma proteins and macroglobulins have been used to differentiate peripheral blood lymphocytes populations from individual patients. I.D.-positive lymphocytes not resembling plasma cells have been regularly found in peripheral blood in these diseases. This lymphocyte population is heterogeneous with respect to non-tumor-specific surface markers, such as SRBC-, Fc- and C-receptors. Tumor specific idiotypic determinants will thus allow a more correct recognition of the total tumor cell compartment in these diseases.
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PMID:Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple myeloma. 46 73

Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and eight antigenic fractions of the complement system were determined in 30 patients with hematological neoplasias, distributed into the following groups: six cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), seven cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), five cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), seven cases of acute leukemia (AL), three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and two cases of multiple myeloma (MM). CH50 was titred accordingly to a modification of the Kabat and Mayer method, C1q, C1s, C3, C4, C5, INHC1, C3A and properdin were determined with specific antisera by Manani and Laurell's techniques. The results obtained showed significant increase in CH50 above normal values in patients with HD, AL, and CML, especially the former, even in early stages. C1s was found to be increased in CML and AL, as well as C3 in CML. C4 is increased in CML and HD. C5 follows a course similar to C4, being also increased CLL and MM. C9 is increased in all groups, except NHL. A significant increase in C3A was found in NHL, HD and AL. There were no significant variations in C1s, INHC1 and properdin in any of the former groups. No correlation was found between clinical course and complement increase. The role of complement in neoplastic disease is discussed.
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PMID:Complement in hematological neoplasias. 47 24


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