Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) were isolated and their functional immunologic properties were evaluated. Spent fetal calf serum-free culture media and 3-m KCI extracts of cultured human melanoma cells grown in this medium were used as antigen sources. Ultracentrifugal flotation on KBr was used to separate MAA and HLA antigens present in the extracts or spent culture media; thus interference by histocompatibility antigens was prevented in subsequent tests of tumor antigenic activity. MAA purified in this manner retained their immunologic functions as evidenced by their ability to produce delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with melanoma, specifically combine with antimelanoma xenoantibody, and elicit production of functionally specific xenoantibody. Possible structural differences between HLA antigens and MAA were considered in evaluation of the data.
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PMID:Purification and immunologic evaluation of human melnoma-associated antigens. 7 78

Crude membrane (CM) extracts from three different cultured human melanoma lines that were "virus-augmented" (infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and subsequently inactivated by ultraviolet light) produced positive skin tests in 17 of 20 (85%), 11 of 20 (55%), and 13 of 18 (72%) tests, respectively, performed in 20 melanoma patients. Identical CM extracts from the same melanoma lines that had not been infected with VSV gave positive skin tests in 2 of 20 (10%), 4 of 20 (20%), and 2 of 18 (11%) tests, respectively, performed in the 20 melanoma patients, and no positive tests in the control patients. The 3 virus-augmented extracts were positive in only 2 of 18 (11%), 0 of 18 (0%), and 1 of 17 (6%) control subjects, respectively. The controls consisted of six normal volunteers and 12 patients with cancers other than melanoma. The "virus-augmented" CM extracts thus exhibited markedly greater sensitivity without significant loss of specificity as compared to nonvirus augmented extracts when used as tumor-specific melaonma skin test antigens.
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PMID:Melanoma skin test antigens of improved sensitivity prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected tumor cells. 7 81

The antitumor activity of tallysomycins A and B was determined in five experimental tumor systems in mice. Tallysomycins A and B were highly active against B16 melanoma, sarcoma 180 ascites tumor and Lewis lung carcinoma, and moderately active against P388 leukemia but were without effect on lymphoid leukemia L1210. The antitumor activity of tallysomycin A was 2 to 3 times that of tallysomycin B and 3 to 17 times that of bleomycin. Tallysomycin A was about 1.5 and 4 times more toxic for mice than tallysomycin B and bleomycin, respectively, in terms of subacute LD50 values.
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PMID:Tallysomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic complex related to bleomycin. III. Antitumor activity of tallysomycins A and B. 8 Apr 2

The electrophoretic mobility test (EMT) is an in vitro assay for demonstrating cellular immunity. In the presence of tumor antigens lymphocytes of tumor patients liberate lymphokines, which reduce the charge of indicator particles resulting in a measurable reduction of their eletrophoretic mobility. Lymphocytes of 174 patients were tested by EMT. The antigens used were a basic myelin protein termed encephalitogenic factor (EF) and a 3M KCl extract from melanoma tissue. In 91% of the cancer patients there was a positive lymphocyte response. In contrast to this the controls and non-malignant diseases showed a positive result in only 8.7% of the cases. Using the 3M KCl extract from melanoma tissue as tissue as antigen 1 of the benign controls, 3 patients with nonmalignant diseases and none of the 49 patients with malignant diseases reacted positively, whereas in the melanoma group 86% showed a positive lymphocyte response. The results show the possibility of demonstrating tumor specific immune reaction in the EMT.
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PMID:Immunodiagnostics of malignant disease. VI. Electrophoretic mobility test (EMT) in malignant melanoma. 8 76

Four antitumor drug combinations which are currently in clinical use were evaluated experimentally using the murine B16 melanoma model. Bleomycin plus vinblastine produced an increase in life span over either of the two agents alone against both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous B16. This combination also resulted in a large number of long-term survivors. Bleomycin plus cis-platinum produced slight enhancement against subcutaneous B16, but showed no advantage against intraperitoneal B16. The combination of 5-fluorouracil plus methyl-CCNU significantly increased survival time against the intraperitoneal tumor, and produced long-term survivors as well. The combination of 5-fluorouracil plus BCNU was not more effective than BCNU or 5-fluorouracil alone. These data were compared with the degree of success reported from the clinics against a variety of solid human neoplasms.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy against B16 melanoma: bleomycin/vinblastine, bleomycin/cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, 5-fluorouracil/BCNU and 5-fluorouracil/methyl-CCNU. 8 16

The mouse melanoma B16 contains particles encapsulating a high molecular weight RNA of 60--70S size associated with a reverse transcriptase. The particles possess a density of 1.14--1.18 g/cm3. The RNA shares sequences with the 70S RNAs of several mammalian C-type RNA tumor viruses. The nuclear DNA of the mouse melanoma B16 possesses particle-related sequences not present in the genome of normal C57BL mice.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on RNA tumor virus information and its transmission in B16 murine melanoma. 8 43

The majority of melanoma tumor antigen activity present in melanoma extracts derived from fresh tumor tissue binds to a Sepharose-anti-beta2-microglobulin adsorbent. Removal of HLA antigens from the extracts of melanoma tissue by using a KBr flotation technique did not reduce either the tumor antigen activity of the extracts or the binding of melanoma tumor antigen (MTA) activity to the Sepharose-anti-beta2-microglobulin adsorbent. The complete blocking of MTA activity by pretreating the anti-beta2-microglobulin adsorbent with beta2-microglobulin and the lack of detectable MTA binding to a Sepharose anti-normal human serum adsorbent demonstrated the specificity of the binding of MTA to the anti-beta2-microglobulin adsorbent.
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PMID:Association of melanoma tumor antigen activity with beta2-microglobulin. 8 15

The hemocytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition technique was employed in a criss-cross experimental design with two cancer patients (melanoma and colon carcinoma) and the corresponding tumor extracts. These extracts had been repeatedly tested for specific reactivity and lyophilized before transport to the workshop. The patients' leukocytes were mixed singly with each extract in the presence of normal serum, and the adherences of the cells were determined in hemocytometer chambers. Actual cell counts (total cells before washing and adherent cells after washing) are given in detail for the first time. Blood samples and reaction mixtures were coded by an independent observer. Determination of mean % adherence (+/- S.E.) showed that the melanoma patient's leukocytes (original adherence 70.8 +/- 2.8) reached with the melanoma extract (40.7 +/- 2.9; p less than 0.001) but not significantly with the colon carcinoma extract (61.5 +/- 4.1; p greater than 0.05). Similarly, the colon carcinoma patient's leukocytes (original adherence 68.6 +/- 2.7) reacted with the colon carcinoma extract (43.2 +/- 2.3; p less than 0.001) but adherence was not inhibited by the melanoma extract (76.9 +/- 2.6). The cancer patients were thus correctly identified with regard to tumor type in a simple blind trial.
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PMID:Hemocytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition technique. 8 16

Using radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A [125I]SPA to measure syngeneic, allogeneic and heterogeneic IgG bound to murine tumor cells, we performed a serological analysis of surface antigens of 8 solid tumors and 2 leukemias of BALB/c mice (3 chemically-induced colon carcinomas, 3 chemically-induced sarcomas, 1 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induced leukemia, 1 irradiation induced leukemia, 1 spontaneous melanoma and 1 spontaneous sarcoma). We were able to detect and distinguish between at least five separate antigenic specificities on these tumors. Unique tumor-associated antigens were found on 3 of the tumors, MuLV related antigens on 8 tumors, fetal antigens on 7 tumors and two distinct common antigens on 7 tumors (common antigen 1 (CA-1) on 5 tumors and common antigen 2 (CA-2) on 2 tumors). Neither of the common antigens was found to be sarcoma, carcinoma or tissue-tupe specific. A number of tumors which did not originally express either MuLV or fetal antigens in primary cultures expressed these antigens after several serial passages in vitro.
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PMID:Tumor-associated antigens of chemically-induced murine tumors; the emergence of MuLV and fetal antigens after serial passage in culture. 8 20

Antisera to human renal cell carcinomas were produced by the immunization of goats and rabbits with dissociated tumor cells and/or tumor homogenates from single donors. After absorptions with human red blood cells and homogenates of human liver, lung, spleen, and heart, all the immune sera reacted on immunofluorescence with the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubules of adult and fetal human kidneys and with the proximal convoluted tubular epithelia of rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. After further absorption with pooled normal human kidney homogenates, the immune sera on immunofluorescence showed cytoplasmic staining of smears and sections of 21 of the 22 human renal cell carcinomas tested. These sera did not show any staining of normal adult human tissues including normal kidney adjacent to the carcinomas, perirenal fibroblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes from the patients, human fetal kidneys, transplanted renal adenocarcinoma of BALB/c mice, and several human tumors tested, i.e., transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, adenocarcinomas of the breast and colon, squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs, malignant lymphoma, and melanoma. Autoradiography of tissue sections with 131I-labeled antitumor globulins revealed greater localization of radioactivity in tumors than in adjacent normal kidney. Membrane immunofluorescence with the immune sera rendered tumor-specific after appropriate absorptions revealed tumor-associated antigens on the surfaces of all 5 human renal carcinoma cell lines tested.
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PMID:Production and characterization of xenogeneic antisera to a human renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen. 8 35


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