Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Ig idiotype of B-cell lymphoma can be used as a tumor-specific target. Prior trials with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies alone and combined with alpha-interferon have shown significant antitumor activity. In some patients, idiotype-negative tumors emerged after treatment. In this trial, patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with two identical courses of monoclonal anti-idiotype anti-body therapy. Concurrent with the second course, at a time when idiotype-negative cells were suspected to be proliferating, a pulse dose of chlorambucil was administered. Tumor biopsies obtained before the first and second courses of treatment and at relapse were analyzed for idiotype expression and proliferation. Thirteen patients received 24 courses of antibody with minimal toxicity. Eleven had tumor regression, with 1 complete remission, 8 partial remissions, and 2 minor remissions, with freedom from progression lasting a median of 7 months in responding patients. Idiotype-negative tumor cells appeared in some relapse specimens despite the use of chlorambucil. In retrospect, this was not surprising because there was no increase in the proliferative rate of these tumors at the time the drug was used. Anti-idiotype antibodies continue to demonstrate antitumor activity against B-cell lymphoma with minimal toxicity. The mechanism of the effect is presumed to involve both direct antiproliferative effects of the antibody on the tumor cells as well as indirect, more long-lasting effects on the host. The addition of a mild chemotherapeutic agent in the dose and schedule used here to the second cycle of antibody therapy did not interfere with the antitumor effect, nor did it decrease the emergence of idiotype-negative cells.
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PMID:Monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody therapy of B-cell lymphoma: the addition of a short course of chemotherapy does not interfere with the antitumor effect nor prevent the emergence of idiotype-negative variant cells. 152 Aug 77

Immunosuppressive therapies may induce neoplasia. The administration of cyclosporine is associated with an increased frequency of lymphoproliferative disorders when compared with conventional therapies. This risk is related to the type of organ transplanted and immunosuppression modalities (type and intensity). In heart transplantation, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma varies between 11.9 and 1.5% with onset usually about 6 months after transplantation. Four case reports are presented; 3 lymphomas and 1 multiple myeloma that developed, in heart transplant recipients receiving triple-drug immunosuppression: azathioprine, cyclosporine and prednisolone. Clinical and immunohistological characteristics of posttransplant lymphomas are described and etiopathological mechanisms, especially the role of cyclosporine, in the development of these lymphoproliferative disorders, are discussed.
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PMID:[Lymphoproliferative syndromes after cardiac transplantation and treatment with cyclosporine. Report of 4 cases]. 152 49

Little is known about the role of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-T) in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases and collaboration between normal and malignant cells has not yet been proved. In the present work, we have investigated whether immune T lymphocytes exist in tumors invaded by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD). Therefore, we have studied the reactivity of the CD45RA monoclonal antibody, which discriminates between naive and memory CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results showed far lower percentages of CD4+ CD45RA+ in malignant lymphoma (30.3 +/- 15.0% in B-cell NHL, and 37.4 +/- 18.6% in HD) than in reactive hyperplasia (54.7 +/- 13.2%), leading to the conclusion of an accumulation of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. A further heterogeneity in the relative proportion of naive and memory TIL-T was also observed within lymphoma (range: 11 to 68% in B-cell NHL, 5 to 69% in HD). In B-cell NHL, it was related to histological features, as documented by the Kiel classification (P = .028), and to a stronger extent to cytological characteristics analysed with the Grenoble classification (P less than .0001): class 1 NHL, which are essentially indolent NHL displayed lower naive cells (22.2 +/- 7.4%) than class 3 NHL, which are more aggressive (40.1 +/- 16.1%). Among the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) defining the B-cell clone phenotype or activation state (CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD5, CD10, CD11a, and Ki67), only CD23 (P = .0003) and Ki67 (P = .0007) revealed statistical association with the percentage of naive CD4 lymphocytes. No correlation could be demonstrated with the proportion of whole TIL-T, activated CD3 DR TIL-T, or CD4 subset.
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PMID:CD45RA expression by CD4 T lymphocytes in tumors invaded by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD). 153 69

48 patients with stage I-II low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated by radiation and/or chemotherapy between 1970 and 1986. The histologic types were diffuse lymphocytic well differentiated, eleven patients; nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated, 28 patients; nodular mixed, nine patients. Complete remission was obtained in 45 patients (94%). Overall survival was 83% and 68% at five and ten years, respectively. Five and ten-year relapse-free survival of complete responders was 71% and 57%, respectively. Univariate analysis of potential prognosticators showed the following to significantly increase the survival rate: one or two sites of disease (p less than 0.01), stage I (p less than 0.02), age less than 65 years (p less than 0.02), complete excision of tumor mass (p less than 0.03), and the use of radiotherapy (p less than 0.02). The extent of radiotherapy field did not affect survival. Multivariate analysis by the stepwise proportional hazards model of Cox showed that the use of radiotherapy was the factor which significantly produced better survival figures (p less than 0.03). It is concluded that two thirds of stage I-II low-grade lymphoma patients are potentially curable; radiotherapy plays a major role in the management.
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PMID:Stage I-II low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: prognostic factors and treatment results. 154 48

A late phase II study with MST-16 for malignant lymphoma was performed with the collaboration of 11 institutions belonging to the Hanshin Hematological Disease Treatment Research Group. Out of a total 40 patients entered into the study, 37 cases (33 of NHL and 4 HD) were evaluated for efficacy and 27 cases for side effects. The response rate was 29.7% (2 cases of CR and 9 PR). The factors affecting response rate were histological classification, phenotype of tumor cell surface and stage of disease. Bone marrow suppression and G-I disorders were the main toxicities observed, but they disappeared by the cessation of MST-16 treatment.
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PMID:[Late phase II study of MST-16 (sobuzoxane) efficacy for malignant lymphoma]. 154 60

In both animal models and human studies in leukemia, residual disease on day 8 following myelosuppressive therapy is in a proliferative phase and therefore may be sensitive to the S-phase specific drug cytarabine. Based on this concept, 17 patients with refractory or relapsed leukemia or lymphoma undergoing either autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were treated on a Phase I protocol using high doses of busulfan (16 mg/kg, days -10, -9, -8, -7) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg, days -6, -5) followed by escalating doses of a 48-h continuous infusion of cytarabine (starting dose 1000 mg/m2/48 h, days -3, -2). Ten patients received autologous transplants (two with Hodgkin's disease, seven with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast phase). Seven received allogeneic BMT (two with refractory acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), one with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing a second BMT, one with Burkitt's-type leukemia, one with ALL in fifth relapse and two with CML in accelerated/blast phase). Two of these patients received a T cell-depleted haploidentical transplant. The maximum tolerated dose of cytarabine was 1500 mg/m2/48 h; a pulmonary syndrome including dyspnea, hypoxemia, and interstitial infiltrates which responded to aggressive diuresis was the dose limiting toxicity. Of the 10 patients who received cytarabine doses of 2000 or 2500 mg/m2/48 h, five patients developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with three patients requiring intubation; two recovered. Of the nine patients with lymphoma, seven responded with complete tumor clearance (CTC) with two patients tumor-free 13 and 15 months post-BMT, one remained refractory and one died too early to evaluate (TETE).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I study of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and timed sequential escalating doses of cytarabine followed by bone marrow transplantation. 154 48

A 63-year-old male patient underwent artificial pneumothorax for right pulmonary tuberculosis 39 years ago, and thereafter suffered from chronic empyema, though asymptomatic. In December, 1989, he was found to have a 5 cm tumor in his right chest wall. The tumor grew to 15 cm in 2 weeks and was associated with severe pain. A chest CT revealed that the tumor of the chest wall corresponded to the area of the wall affected by empyema. The patient underwent full thickness resection of the chest wall including the tumor and the empyematous wall (20 x 20 cm) on March 7, 1990. The tumor was 11 x 8 x 7 cm large and had developed from the empyematous wall to the lateral side of chest wall. There was no invasion of the thoracic cavity by the empyema. The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as diffuse, large to intermediate T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Postoperatively the patient was treated with radiotherapy and VEPA therapy, but the tumor metastasized to both lungs, and the patient died 161 days after surgery. The majority of cases of malignant lymphoma reported to have originated in empyematous chest walls have been of the B-cell type. The T-cell type is rare, and the present case is only the second case reported. Chest CT was an effective method of diagnostic imaging in this disease.
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PMID:[A surgical case of T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originating in the wall affected by chronic tuberculous empyema following artificial pneumothorax]. 156 42

Primary gastric lymphoma in the pediatric population is rare. We have described a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Burkitt's type) manifested as a gastric mass. Despite its rarity in children, this tumor should be treated aggressively, since long-term survival has been reported.
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PMID:Pediatric primary gastric lymphoma. 156 51

Three hundred seven cases (244 gastric, 63 intestinal) of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in stages EI and EII, according to a modified Ann Arbor system, were examined retrospectively. The histological classification for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived lymphomas was applied. Gastric NHLs (male-female ratio, 0.97; mean age, 64.5 years) were stage EI in 51% and stage EII in 49% of cases. Histological grade of malignancy was low in 41% and high in 59% of cases; all NHLs were B-cell type. Tumors were radically resected in 87%, and overall 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 61%, 55%, and 46%, respectively. Early lymphomas (substage EI1) had best prognosis (5- and 10-year survival rates, 90% and 70%, respectively). Intestinal NHLs (male-female ratio, 1.1; mean age, 54.4 years) were stage EI in 30% and stage EII in 70% of cases. Histology was low grade in 21% and high grade in 79%, and all but 11 cases were B-cell type. In 58% of cases, radical tumor resection resulted in overall 2- and 5-year survival rates of 44% and 24%, respectively. Major prognosticators for survival in gastric location were low-grade histology, low depth of infiltration, and low stage and radical resectability of lymphoma; all factors were strictly intercorrelated. In intestinal site, radical tumor resectability was highly significant for survival. Cumulative proportion of relapses after 5 years was higher in intestinal than in gastric sites (44% vs. 22%). In conclusion, primary gastrointestinal tract NHLs may represent an entity with respect to characteristic histological features, focal tumor growth, and potential cure by radical resection. Because of late relapses, clinical follow-up is needed.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: factors relevant to prognosis. 156 73

Between 1983 and 1987 the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a prospective phase II study to evaluate survival in primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain treated with whole brain irradiation to 40 Gy and a 20 Gy boost to tumor plus a 2 cm margin. Forty-one patients are reported. Full follow-up is available on 35/41 who have died. Six are alive at 8.8-67.2 months from start of radiation therapy with a median followup of 53.9 months. Overall median survival was 11.6 months from start of radiation therapy and 12.2 months from diagnosis, with 48% surviving 1 year and 28% surviving 2 years. Karnofsky Performance Status and age were significant prognostic factors. Patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status of 70-100 had a median survival of 21.1 months compared to 5.6 months for patients with a status of 40-60 (p less than .001). Fourteen patients less than 60 years of age had a median survival of 23.1 months, while 27 patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age had a median survival of 7.6 months (log-rank p = .001). Disease recurred in the brain in 25/41 (61%) of the patients, (21/41 in the brain only and 4/41 in the brain plus distant metastases). Despite high dose and large volume irradiation, primary Central Nervous System lymphoma still exhibits excessive mortality, especially in older patients. This paradox of the relative radioresistance of primary Central Nervous System lymphoma remains unresolved.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain: can high dose, large volume radiation therapy improve survival? Report on a prospective trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG): RTOG 8315. 157 22


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