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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) is an oncogenic virus for a variety of nonhuman primates. HVS does not produce overt disease upon inoculation in the natural host (squirrel monkey) but consistently induces neoplasms including lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias in 4 other species of monkeys. Various drugs inhibit replication of HVS in vitro including cytosine arabinoside and adenine arabinoside. In addition, the lymphoma and leukemia induced in owl monkeys responds to vincristine and prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and human interferon. Of the various chemical carcinogens studied, the antitumor agent procarbazine induces neoplasms in a variety of species including monkeys. Thus far this compound has induced acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), lymphoma, and hemangiosarcomas in macaques. We have induced primary liver tumors in macaques with several nitrosamines and aflatoxin B1 and these tumors produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which can be assayed for both diagnosis and therapy. Thus far, therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma has been most successful with surgical resection; and the tumor mass and serum AFP have been less responsive to single agent chemotherapy. These nonhuman primate models are useful for an understanding of the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the human disease.
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PMID:Nonhuman primate models for lymphoma, leukemia, and other neoplasms. 16 36

Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice bearing primary tumors induced by the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) strongly inhibited the uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TDR) by RBL-5 lymphoma cells in a 48-hour growth-inhibition assay (GIA). This activity was first detected 7 days after MuSV was injected; it peaked at 14 days, and was usually no longer detectable after 18-21 days. It could be detected at effector cell/target cell ratios between 20:1 and 5:1, at which normal spleen cells had a growth-promoting effect. The effector cells in the GIA were not T cells, and various depletion experiments suggested that they were macrophages. Macrophages of a purity of over 95% were obtained in the glass-adherent fraction of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). PEC were growth inhibitory when obtained from either normal or MuSV tumor-bearing mice. However, at effector cell/target ratios of 2.5:1, only PEC from MuSV tumor-bearing mice had an effect; PEC from normal mice were inactive. Activity of spleen cells in the GIA appeared distinct from T-cell-dependent specific cytotoxicity, which was not affected by removal of macrophages. Activity in the GIA was nonspecific, and target cells which do not cross-react with RBL-5 cells were equally inhibited. Furthermore, spleen cells from mice bearing primary tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene were also fully active against RBL-5 cells. Supernatants from spleen cell cultures obtained from mice 14 days post injection with MuSV also inhibited the incorporation of 3H-TDR by RBL-5 cells in vitro. However, this effect seemed to be an artifact, since the tumor cells proliferated equally well in the presence or absence of the supernatants. In contrast, the direct effect of spleen cells from MuSV tumor-bearing mice was reflected both by an inhibition of cell proliferation and by inhibition of 3H-TDR incorporation.
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PMID:Inhibition of in vitro growth of lymphoma cells by macrophages from tumor-bearing mice. 17 34

Review of the coagulation laboratory records and medical records at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center over a three year period (1971--1974) revealed 89 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The diagnosis of DIC was made if laboratory studies showed evidence of quantitative and qualitative changes in fibrinogen and significant thrombocytopenia. The patients included 19 with leukemia (17 acute), 3 with multiple myeloma, 15 with lymphoma, 46 with metastatic solid tumors, (10 lung, 9 breast, 8 gastrointestinal, 12 genitourinary, 7 miscellaneous) 4 with vascular tumors, and 3 without tumor. Other conditions which might have precipitated or initiated DIC such as gram-negative sepsis, liver impairment, or mucin secreting tumors were present in the majority of patients. Bleeding occurred in 75% of the patients and was fatal in 36%. Thromboembolism occurred in 22.5%. Thirteen percent were asymptomatic. Serum lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in over 75% of the patients at the time of, or subsequent to the occurrence of DIC. Treatment with heparin was helpful in only three of twenty patients. Eighty percent of the patients died within one to over 30 days of the onset of DIC. Post mortem evidence of DIC was present in 18 of 43 autopsies. Results of this study indicate that DIC is a frequent complication of a wide variety of tumors and that its occurrence causes morbidity and mortality in a significant number of patients. Treatment with heparin is of little help unless remission is induced and the precipitating factor(s) are reversed.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation: experience in a major cancer center. 17 94

The ultrastructural features and virus particle content of L1210/Mes., the hamster-adapted strain of murine leukemia L1210, has been studied in cheek pouch tumors and cell cultures. In comparison with the parental murine tumor in culture, L1210/Mes. has experienced certain morphologic alterations, such as a striking increase in cell size, enlarged and more bizarre nuclei, and an increase in the number of lysosome-related structures. Type A (intracytoplasmic and intracisternal) and type C virus particles could be demonstrated in cell cultures of murine leukemia L1210, and in cheek pouch grafts and cell cultures of L1210/Mes. No. "H" (or "R") hamster-associated virus particles, however, could be distinguished in L1210/Mes. tumors or in vitro cultivated cells. It appears that a murine lymphoma capable of serial propagation in a xenogeneic host permits the replication of virus particles structurally indistinguishable from those indigenous to it.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and virus particles of L1210/Mes. A hamster-adapted murine leukemia. 17 34

From January, 1969 - December, 1974, 242 children less than 15 years of age underwent lymphography at the National Cancer Institute, Milan. Successful lymphatic cannulation was accomplished in 97% (440/463) of the sites where it was attempted. No major or permanent complications were encountered, although minor untoward effects might not have been recorded. In those children undergoing biopsy of opacified lymph nodes, lymphographic-histologic correlation was 98% (45/46). Nonspecific reactive hyperplasia lymphographic patterns were encountered in 36% of all studies, confirming its high incidence in the pediatric age group. This study has shown that lymphography in childhood can be as readily performed as in the adult and that its diagnostic accuracy is acceptable. As in adults, it is useful in treatment planning, evaluating results of therapy, and detecting recurrent tumor. The frequent occurrence of nonspecific reactive hyperplasia in the pediatric lymphogram should not be mistaken for evidence of tumor, particularly lymphoma.
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PMID:Lymphography in childhood: six years experience with 242 cases. 17 42

Using sensitive radiommunoprecipitation assays for highly purified type-C RNA tumor virus proteins, we found that 5 of 16 clinically normal gibbons (including 4 of 5 normal animals from a colony with 2 cases of lymphoma) and 4 of 4 experimentally inoculated gibbons formed antibodies to the major structural protein (p30) of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV). An additional woolly monkey immunized with the closely related simian sarcoma virus also formed antibodies detectable with GaLV p30. Of 20 patients immunized with formalin-inactivated Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), 10 were previously reported to have antibodies to MuLV as determined by an internally labeled banded virus radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In comparison studies with purified R-MuLV proteins, 7 of 20 patients formed antibodies: 3/20 to R-MuLV p30 only, 1/20 to R-MuLV glycoprotein (gp) 70 only, and 3/20 to both p30 and gp70. Most responders were melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with BCG. Additionally, rhesus monkeys produced antibodies to the endogenous cat virus RD114 and closely related endogenous baboon leukemia virus p30's. Thus these studies demonstrated the ability of primates (including humans) to form antibodies to well-characterized proteins from endogenous and exogenous type-C viruses and the potential utility of these assays for seroepidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Natural and experimentally induced antibodies to defined mammalian type-C virus proteins in primates. 17 68

Burkitt's lymphoma occurs mainly in parts of tropical Africa and has attracted the attention of experimental workers due to its epidemiological and clinical features, which indicate a viral etiology and a host immune response to the tumor. As a result of virological studies, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been demonstrated in almost all tested biopsies of African BL. This contrasts to the absence of EBV in all, or almost all, of the non-African Burkitt's lymphoma-like tumors, even though the number of tested tumors in this group is small, and to the lack of EBV in all other types of lymphoma or leukemia. Immunological studies have revealed the presence of antibodies to different EBV-associated antigens in all African patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. However the antibodies are not specific for Burkitt's lymphoma but are found in most adults all over the world, although at lower levels. They cannot therefore serve diagnostic purposes, but they can give prognostic information and occasionally give clues to the mechanisms behind late tumor recurrences, and possibly guide so-called immunotherapy. Burkitt's lymphoma patients contrast to appropriate control groups where some of the persons are anti-EBV seronegative, and this, together with the presence of EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma biopsies and the absence of EBV in other lymphomas, even though the cell type involved may be infectable by EBV in vitro and the tumor may arise in an EBV-carrying person, favors an etiological role in EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma and speaks against the "passenger" hypothesis, according to which EBV is picked up by the Burkitt's lymphoma cell which happens to be particularly suitable for EBV persistence. To explain the geographical distribution, a cofactor, such as certain forms of malaria, has been implied.
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PMID:Burkitt's lymphoma - a human tumor model system for immunological studies. 17 35

In several different populations of wild mice, observed over a 35-month period in laboratory geriatric colonies, a direct correlation was found between the prevalence and titer of spleen complement-fixing gs (p30) antigen and C-type particles in newly trapped healthy mice and a predilection to lymphoma and a hind leg paralytic disease upon aging. Other studies have established the indigenous C-type virus as the essential etiological determinant of both diseases in wild mice. An increased incidence of breast carcinomas, hepatomas, and pulmonary adenomas associated with C-type virus also occurred in the lymphoma-paralysis-prone colony as compared with the tumor-resistant colonies.
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PMID:The epidemiology and virology of C-type virus-associated hematological cancers and related diseases in wild mice. 17 18

The application of biochemical studies for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA in human tumor cells is discussed. These studies resulted in the consistent demonstration of viral nucleic acid in African Burkitt's lymphoma biopsies and in epithelial tumor cells of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The viral DNA resides within those cells regularly in multiple copies per cell. Besides these tumors our group detected significant concentrations of EBV-DNA in a German lymphoma patient revealing histological characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma. Moreover, virus DNA was also found in a patient suffering from immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. More than 50 additional B-cell lymphomas and more than 40 biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease did not contain detectable amounts of EBV-DNA when tested by nucleic acid hybridization. A tentative scheme of EBV-induced pathogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical approaches to detection of Epstein-Barr virus in human tumors. 17 25

Herpesvirus saimiri induces leukemia and/or malignant lymphoma when inoculated into different species of nonhuman primates including marmosets and owl monkeys. No malignant disease, however, has been recognized in the natural host for this virus, the squirrel monkey, although a high percentage of these monkeys are chronically infected with H. saimiri. Furthermore, one species of marmosets, as well as capuchin and some owl monkeys, fail to develop lymphoma following experimental virus infection but developed a chronic infection similar to that noted in the natural host. The availability of susceptible and resistant species made it possible to attempt to delineate those humoral and cellular immune parameters that might correlate both with tumor induction and resistance. The findings from these investigations are reviewed and discussed in relation to vaccine studies in this system as a model for a human herpesvirus vaccine.
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PMID:Immune response of monkeys to lymphotrophic herpesvirus antigens. 17 27


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