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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously, type C RNA tumor virus-related components have been described in blood leukocytes from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. These components, for example, reverse transcriptase, have been shown to be most closely related to those from two oncogenic subhuman primate type C viruses (woolly monkey sarcoma virus and gibbon ape leukemia virus). Now, we report the continuous production of budding type C viruses with the same characteristic reverse transcriptase by three separate culturings of leukocytes from a single bleeding from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. These isolations were made possible by the discovery of a source of conditioned media which sustains exponential growth of human myelogenous leukemia cells in liquid suspension culture.
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PMID:Type C RNA tumor virus isolated from cultured human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. 4 23

The preparation and properties of an antiserum to human DNA polymerase I (6 to 8 S) are described. Care was taken in the purification of the antigen to remove certain other DNA polymerases found in human cells. An incubation of antigen and antiserum lasting about 48 hours is necessary to achieve maximal inhibition. About 1 mug of the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G, prepared in rats, neutralizes 60% of the activity present in 54 ng of the enzyme. Tritrations varying both antiserum and enzyme demonstrate clear regions of antigen and antibody excess. Inhibition of enzyme activity is about the same whether the templateprimer is (dA)n-(dT)12-18, or partially digested DNA. An assay was developed which measures the remaining activity in the supernatant after precipitation of enzyme-antibody complexes with goat anti-rat immunoglobulin G. In this assay, 2.2 mug of the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G quantitatively bind 33 ng of DNA polymerase I. With use of the direct neutralization assay and the immuno-precipitation test, we found little, if any, antigenic relationship between DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase II (3.4 S). Similarly, little, if any, relationship was found to the DNA polymerases from five RNA tumor viruses. The activities of RNA-directed DNA polymerases from the blood leukocytes of two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and from the placentas of rhesus monkeys were not inhibited in neutralization assays which were shortened because these enzymes were thermolabile. In identically shortened neutralization assays, the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G neutralized up to 76% of the activity of DNA polymerase I. In addition to its utility in distinguishing cellular DNA polymerases, the rat antiserum should be useful reagent for testing of novel DNA polymerases isolated in small quantities from human tumors for contamination with DNA polymerase I. This enzyme is present in abundance in proliferating tissue and often confuses the biochemical characterization of these novel enzymes.
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PMID:Serological analysis of human deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases. Preparation and properties of antiserum to deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I from human lymphoid cells. 4 29

A transplantable myelogenous leukemia of an inbred Wistar/Furth rat has been established in tissue culture and cloned. The resulting transplantable leukemia line demonstrates in vitro doubling time of 20 hr, colony-forming efficiency of 5% in liquid and methylcellulos-containing medium, and a saturation density of 3.0 x 106 cells/sq cm in liquid medium. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, newborn rats developed solid tumors, ascities, and leukemia with ld50 of5 x 103 cells and mean latency of 60 days. The tumor cell morphology was consistent with that of acute myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical staining for myeloid enzymes revealed no evidence of myeloperoxidase, esterase, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; however, fluorescent antibody staining for lysozyme was markedly positive. Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme. There was no detectable type-CRNA virus production by this cell line after as long as 100 days in vitro. This inbred rat myelogenous leukemia should provide a useful model for studies of chemotherapy and immunoltherapy of human acute myelogenous leukemia.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo. 4 87

Leukemic cells from all human chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and some acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) donors are lysed by rabbit antisera to a purified glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV gp71) in a microcytotoxicity assay. These antisera are not cytotoxic to cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or to peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors. A goat antiserum to gradient purified FLV in addition to reacting with cells from CGL and AMML donors also reacted with cells from AML patients and some ALL donors. However, this antiserum failed to react with cells from CLL patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes prepared from leukemic patients in clinical remission failed to react with antisera to FLV and FLV gp71. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the antigen on CGL cells which is reacting with the antiserum to FLV gp71 is also present on normal human platelets and neutrophils. Similar absorption studies showed that the antigen on AML cells detected by the FLV antiserum is not present on normal leukocytes and platelets and appears to be related to the major internal p30 antigens of mammalian RNA tumor viruses. Another antigenic relationship between oncornaviruses and membrane antigens of human leukemia cells was shown by the ability of FLV antigens to absorb the cytotoxic reactivity of nonhuman primate antisera detecting human leukemia-associated antigens. FLV and FLV gp71 antigens were able to absorb all cytotoxic activity of monkey and chimpanzee antisera to human myeloid leukemia antigens when these antisera were tested with CGL cells. These two approaches to an analysis of cross-reactivity indicate that the antigenic determinant(s) detected by the cytotoxic reactions of the FLV gp71 antiserum with human CGL cells is different from the determinant on FLV gp71 which is responsible for the inhibition of the reactivity of simian antisera with CGL cells. Since the goat and rabbit antisera to FLV and FLV gp71 are able to distinguish AML from CGL cells by direct cytotoxicity testing and absorption, they may be valuable reagents for the serological diagnosis of myeloid leukemia. In addition, since peripheral blood cells from AML and CGL patients in clinical remission were seronegative, the antisera may be valuable as management aids. The data in this report indicates that whatever the mechanism of leukemogenesis is in man, cells from CGL and AML patients possess certain membrane antigens which cross-react with FLV structural components such as p30 and gp71.
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PMID:Relationships between membrane antigens of human leukemic cells and oncogenic RNA virus structural components. 5 69

Cultured peripheral blood leukocytes from a woman (patient HL23) with acute myelogenous leukemia produced type-C RNA tumor viruses (HL23V). The viruses were analyzed by molecular hybridization experiments after transmission to five secondary cell culture lines. Using the criteria of molecular hybridization, we concluded that all of the transmitted virus isolates have nucleotide sequences related to the genome of simian sarcoma virus (SiSV). In addition, in agreement with data reported elsewhere, some of the transmitted viruses also have nucleotide sequences related to those of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV). We also used molecular hybridization to ascertain whether both viruses could have originated from the patient HL23. Utilizing [3H] cDNA complementary to RNA from the separated BaEV-related component of HL23V and hybridizing this cDNA to DNA from tissues of the patient, we detected sequences related to BaEV in DNA obtained from the patient's spleen. These BaEV DNA sequences were also detectable when 125I-labeled RNA from BaEV was used as a probe. In agreement with earlier results, however, no SiSV-related sequences were detectable in the DNA of her tissues. Cytoplasmic viral-like particles, which had a buoyant density of 1.15-1.2 g/ml and were capable of synthesizing cDNA in association with a 35S RNA in vitro, were also found in the patient's fresh uncultured leukemic blood cells. cDNA synthesized by the cytoplasmic particles contained some sequences that hybridized to RNA from SiSV and, in addition, some that hybridized to RNA from BaEV. The cDNA also hybridized significantly to DNA isolated from the spleen of patient HL23 and to cytoplasmic RNA from the patient's leukocytes. These molecular hybridization results with nucleic acids obtained from the fresh blood cells of the patient, combined with the repeated isolation of similar viruses from different blood and bone marrow samples from the same patient, suggest that the virus come directly from the leukemic cell samples. The finding of BaEV-related DNA proviral sequences in the spleen of the patient strongly supports this interpretation. The failure so far to find a complete SiSV-related provirus is perplexing, but could be attributable to the existence of such a provirus in DNA of only a small population of cells in most leukemic patient.
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PMID:Primate type-C virus nucleic acid sequences (woolly monkey and baboon types) in tissues from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia and in viruses isolated from cultured cells of the same patient. 5 61

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) of the inbred Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rat is pathophysiologically similar to human AML. Subcutaneous transplantation of 1.0 X 10(6) cells of a clonal tissue culture line of W/Fu AML into 6- to 8-week-old rats produced local myeloblastomas in 8--10 days which progressed to infiltration of regional nodes, replacement of greater than 90% of the bone marrow, ascites, and fatal peripheral blood leukemia with concomitant hyperlysozymemia. Single doses of adriamycin, daunomycin, actinomycin, cytosine arabinoside, or Cytoxan in rats with 1.0 cm myeloblastomas produced complete tumor regression while bu-sulfan, vinblastine, vincristine, dexamethasone, and Methotrexate was relatively ineffective. Responses were associated with delay in progression to peripheral blood leukemia and prolonged survival. Similar results were obtained following treatment of rats with already disseminated leukemia. The demonstration of response to drugs known active against human AML indicates that the W/Fu AML should be a valuable model for rapid evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents for clinical use.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic remissions in Wistar Furth rat acute myelogenous leukemia: a model for human AML. 6 30

Leukemic blasts from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations from his genetically identical normal twin were analyzed with the use of the simian antiserum-defining AML antigens and a rabbit antiserum to immune response-associated (la)-like antigens. Blast cells from the patient consistently reacted with both reagents, whereas the B-lymphocyte populations from the patient's normal identical twin reacted only with the rabbit anti-la serum and in no instances reacted with the antiserum to AML cell antigens. Blast cells from the AML patient significantly stimulated the lymphocytes of his normal twin and his own remission leukocytes, whereas the cells from the normal twin failed to stimulate the cells of the patient. These results suggested the existence on AML cells of tumor-associated antigens that are distinct from various other well-characterized normal human alloantigens and differentiation antigens including B-cell antigens. Changes were reported in the expression of leukemia-associated antigens and Ia-like antigens on the cells of an AML patient undergoing chemotherapy as well as in the ability of the simian antisera to distinguish antigens specific for myeloid leukemias from lymphocytic types of leukemias.
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PMID:Human acute myelogenous leukemia antigens defined by simian antisera: evidence for leukemia-associated antigens distinct from immune response-associated alloantigens. 8 33

Report of two cases with "acute mastoiditis" which was due to secondary malignant disease in the mastoid as shown postoperatively. One was the metastisis of an embryonic lung tumor previously diagnosed as histologically benign, the other one was the first sign of acute myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:[Neoplastic "acute mastoiditis" in childhood (author's transl]. 12 42

A typical case of smoldering acute leukemia has been followed up for long-standing course. This 73 year-old woman survived 3 years and 9 months after diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. The hematological study on admission showed hypoplastic bone marrow with 51.6% of abnormal myeloblasts, although a few myeloblasts were seen in the peripheral blood. Intensive anti-leukemia chemotherapy was withheld during the whole course except on the terminal acute phase. Three episodes of pneumonia occurred and then, the proliferation of leukemic cells subsided concomitnantly after the exacerbation of infection. The direct and/or host-mediated anti-tumor effect by infectious organism was suggestive in this case. The labeling index with 3H-TdR of leukemic cells was 4.9%, suggesting the slow multiplication. Positive tuberculin reactivity and normal ratio of lymphocyte blastogenesis confirmed the preserved cellular immunity. These factors might be considered to be closely related with the smoldering course of this particular case.
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PMID:A case of smoldering acute leukemia: long survival duration of 3 years and 9 months after the diagnosis. 13 58

A technique was developed for continuous iv infusion chemotherapy in an inbred rat model of acute myelogenous leukemia. Polyethylene tubing was inserted surgically into the internal jugular vein of adult WF rats, burrowed sc to the base of the tail, and connected to an infusion pump. A flexible spring was sutured at the base of the tail and fastened to the cage wall; it protected the infusion catheter and allowed movement of the rat within the cage. This technique was used to compare bolus with continuous infusion therapy with adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside, and neocarzinostatin. Only small differences were noted in host toxicity and in antitumor effect against tumor grown as a subcutaneous myeloblastoma. Nearly three times more neocarzinostatin was required by continuous infusion for an effect equivalent to that of bolus injection. In contrast, continuous infusion of methotrexate with concurrent thymidine infusion prevented toxicity, enhanced the antitumor effect, and prolonged survival. This infusion system should facilitate rapid preclinical evaluation of drugs considered for constant iv infusion therapy.
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PMID:Technique for preclinical evaluation of continuous infusion chemotherapy with the use of WF rat acute myelogenous leukemia. 15 52


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