Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trichosanthin, an abortifacient, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor protein purified from the traditional Chinese herb medicine Tian Hua Fen, is a potent inhibitor against HIV-1 replication. Under normal enzymatic digestion conditions, trichosanthin cleaves the supercoiled double-stranded DNA to produce nicked circular and linear DNA. Trichosanthin has no effect on linear double-stranded DNA. Neither does it convert relaxed circular duplex DNA into a supercoiled form in the presence of ATP. Thus trichosanthin is not a DNA gyrase. However, trichosanthin can cleave the relaxed circular DNA into a linear form, indicating that both the circular as well as the supercoiled forms are essential for trichosanthin recognition. In addition, trichosanthin contains one calcium metal ion per protein molecule, which presumably is related to its endonucleolytic activity.
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PMID:Trichosanthin, a potent HIV-1 inhibitor, can cleave supercoiled DNA in vitro. 165 89

The incidence and variety of solid tumors reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are increasing. Among the most common of these tumors are anogenital malignant and premalignant tumors associated with human papillomavirus infection. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is one such human papillomavirus-associated lesion and appears to be more common among women with HIV infection than HIV-negative women. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia also appears to progress more rapidly among HIV-positive women, and these women are at high risk for progression to invasive cervical cancer in the absence of rigorous screening, treatment, and follow-up. Likewise, HIV-positive men with a history of receptive anal intercourse have a high prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and a rapidly increasing incidence of invasive anal cancer. The approach to the prevention of anal cancer is similar to that of cervical cancer, although experience with diagnostic and treatment measures is still limited for anal disease. As individuals with advanced immunosuppression live longer due to improvements in the medical therapy for HIV infection, it is expected that the incidence of human papillomavirus-associated neoplasia, as well as that of other tumors, will continue to increase.
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PMID:Human papillomavirus-associated anogenital neoplasia and other solid tumors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. 166 Nov 70

A case is described of an HIV+ man who was successfully treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma, but who later developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years later when his immune system became suppressed. The patient was 22 years old when he presented with fever, asthenia, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. With Hodgkin's lymphoma he also had positive serology for HIV and hepatitis B. He was treated with alternate courses of MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy. In 1990 he again appeared with high fever, progressive cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, with hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement on x-ray. CD4 lymphocytes were 577/cubic mm, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.57 (normal 1.8). His cervical lymph node biopsy was classified as non-B non-T large-cell anaplastic lymphoma which was EBV-positive. A Western Blot was positive for small amounts of p24 and p18 antigens. The man was treated with MACOP-B chemotherapy, with some results, but died of sepsis 6 weeks later. The relationships between Hodgkins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the timing of the neoplasm in the course of HIV infection, and the possible re-activation of hepatitis virus were discussed.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after prolonged remission of Hodgkin's disease in an HIV-infected patient. 166 42

Early studies with the Gross passage A leukemia virus demonstrated that retroviral infection suppresses cellular and humoral immune responses. In extensive studies of the feline leukemia (FeLV) virus, which can induce profound immunodeficiency disease, are generative anemia and lymphoid, myeloid and erythroid neoplasia, the immunosuppressive effects of this retrovirus could be attributed to the actions of the retroviral envelope protein p15E. We found that a highly conserved, synthetic 17 amino acid peptide synthesized by Cianciolo and co-workers that is homologous to the hydrophilic portion of the otherwise hydrophobic transmembrane envelope protein can suppress polyclonal activation of B-cells, impair production of gamma- and alpha-interferon, inhibit production of interleukin-2, inhibit expression of IL-2 receptors, and suppress responses of cytotoxic lymphocytes. In analyses with inactivated preparations of the human immunodeficiency virus, with Pahwa et al. we demonstrated that purified non-infectious retrovirus and also retroviral proteins, in particular gp120, appeared to produce some of the immunosuppressive properties of HIV, particularly suppression of B-cell activation in response to known B-cell stimulants irrespective of T-cell influence, suppression of T-helper cell functions essential to B-lymphocyte responsiveness, and impaired function of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Other investigators have also reported strong immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory influences for components of the HIV retrovirus and also gp120 through yet poorly elucidated but certainly complex actions on both T- and B-lymphocyte-mediated immune functions.
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PMID:In vitro immunomodulation and in vivo immunotherapy of retrovirus-induced immunosuppression. 166 53

In an attempt to elucidate the cause and mechanism of the dementia and other neurological disorders that can occur in HIV-1 infection, we have quantitatively assessed neuronal populations, by means of a stereological technique (the disector), in the frontal cortex of patients with HIV infection. Eleven of sixty-five brains in the Medical Research Council Central AIDS Brain Bank were selected for study. The selected patients died without opportunistic infection or neoplasm affecting the brain; they had HIV encephalitis or minimal changes. We compared their neuronal counts with those of eight control subjects (seven died of systemic illness, one of pontine haemorrhage which did not affect the cerebral hemispheres). The neuronal numerical density was significantly lower in the HIV group than in the control group (mean [SD] 307 [46] vs 499 [113] x 10(2) per mm3; p less than 0.001). This difference represents a loss of about 38%. There was no significant difference between the HIV subgroups, which suggests that neuronal loss occurs in cases of minor pathology as well as in HIV encephalitis. This finding contributes to the understanding of dementia in AIDS patients and has important implications for their future treatment.
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PMID:Neuronal loss in the frontal cortex in HIV infection. 167 65

HIV-positive Patients often suffer from the symptoms of accompanying diseases. Palliative radiation therapy of associated tumors leads to an improvement of the patient's condition. Particularly skin tumors, which give rise to pronounced itching and ulcerating, are eliminated fast and safe by radiation therapy. Between 1984 and 1988, 6 HIV patients with Kaposi's sarcoma at different sites, and one HIV-patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated by radiation therapy. Depending on tumor site, photons or fast electrons were used. Cosmetic results were satisfying or even excellent in all patients. With one exception complete local tumor control was obtained. Side effects leading to a peace of treatment did not occur.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy in HIV positive patients]. 169 Jan 65

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and transferrin (Tf) are actively endocytosed by many growing cells during ontogenic and neoplastic growth, but also by peripheral T lymphocytes upon mitogen activation. AFP and Tf uptake occurs through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The purpose of the present work was to assess whether the expression and functional activity of AFP and Tf receptors are impaired in mitogen-activated T cells from several groups of HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) individuals. Forty HIV+ cases were studied, including 12 patients with AIDS, 12 with lymphoadenopathy syndrome (LAS), as well as 16 asymptomatic homosexuals (As). Quantification of AFP and Tf uptake was carried out by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using fluoresceinated derivatives of these proteins. Compared with healthy blood donors, the three HIV-1 seropositive groups exhibited clear impairment in the ability of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to internalize AFP and Tf. The decrease in mean values of AFP uptake correlates roughly with the severity of the clinical status. Although these observations need to be confirmed after a much wider study groups, the AFP-Tf-endocytosis assay presented here clearly reveals early defective functions of mitogen-responsive T cells in disease-free subjects and may provide the basis for a prognostic test. The pathophysiological implications of these facts are discussed in relation to the structural and/or metabolic activities of fatty acids and iron, the ligands carried by AFP and Tf, respectively.
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PMID:Defective uptake of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and transferrin (Tf) by PHA-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with AIDS and related syndromes. 169 25

Treatment of advanced HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with combination chemotherapy yields a high tumor regression rate but also a high incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs), most notably Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). We attempted to maintain a high response rate and minimize the likelihood for developing PCP by designing a flexible low-dose weekly multidrug chemotherapy regimen that alternates two myelotoxic with one to two nonmyelotoxic drugs, concurrently with prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine. Eighteen homosexual men were treated, all of whom had had prior OIs or exhibited advanced mucocutaneous or visceral disease and/or systemic symptoms. In 17 evaluable patients, 16 partial responses but no complete responses were observed (objective response rate = 94%). Median time to response and response duration were 2 and 8 months, respectively. Toxicity was limited to a reversible sensory neuropathy in three patients, and five required blood transfusions. With a median follow-up time of 17 months, two cases of PCP and six other OIs occurred. Overall median survival was 12 months, with most of the deaths (8 of 14) secondary to recurrent KS. Weekly low-dose multidrug chemotherapy + PCP prophylaxis yields a high response rate but high relapse rate, a low incidence of PCP, and comparable or better survival to other regimens not employing PCP prophylaxis. Our results suggest that the optimal combined modality approach for patients with advanced HIV-KS should include a more intensive multidrug chemotherapy regimen in combination with a vigorous, broad-scoped prophylactic regimen for PCP and other potential OIs.
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PMID:Low-dose multidrug chemotherapy plus Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 169 77

Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) can selectively lyse malignant or virus-infected cells. We investigated the effects of target cell infection with HIV-1 on PBM cytolytic function. Cytokine-activated PBM lysed uninfected, HSV-1-infected or vaccinia virus-infected tumor cells, but did not lyse the same cell lines when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV did not impair PBM viability, and actinomycin D (Act D) pretreatment of HIV-infected target cells restored their susceptibility to PBM-mediated lysis. Either antibody to CD4 (Leu3a) or a recombinant vaccinia virus that induces expression of the HIV envelope protein, also inhibited target cell lysis by PBM. These studies indicate that CD4 can function as a mediator of PBM cytolytic function, and that target cell expression of the HIV-1 envelope protein may inhibit monocyte-mediated antitumor responses.
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PMID:Monocyte-mediated lysis of HIV-infected tumor cells. 169 72

Nineteen colorectal biopsy specimens, stained by Hematein-Eosin-Safran (HES), were examined by light microscopy and showed a thick, blue and fuzzy brush border. Without any further microbiologic investigation, this histologic feature is considered strongly suggestive of colorectal spirochetosis. Our study concerned 19 male patients aged between 35 and 68 years, who had no risk factor for HIV infection, but who belonged to these three groups: (a) those suffering from chronic diarrhea; (b) those without intestinal symptoms; (c) those who had a colonic tumor removed. Rectal biopsy specimens were also taken from a control group of 35 patients seropositive for HIV-1. This thickening, which measured 3-7 microns, showed some variation within the same patient but did not depend on the site of the biopsy. It appeared as a blue fuzzy band on HES stain, was purple on Periodic-Acid-Schiff stain and basophilic after Giemsa stain. Silver stain by Warthin-Starry method confirmed the presence in three cases of numerous spirochetes attached to the epithelial surface. Two of the three patients had no symptom. In the control group, a thickening of the brush border, was observed in only one case, but no spirochete by silver stain was seen. The thickened blue, fuzzy brush border of the colonic mucosa is not a specific criterion. The pathologist must be aware of the possible presence of spirochetes that can only be confirmed by a silver stain. The pathogenicity of spirochetosis remains to be defined.
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PMID:[Colo-rectal spirochetosis: is it an anatomo-pathologic entity?]. 170 40


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