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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirty-five hepatocellular carcinomas were examined for the presence of antigenic tumor markers by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Ninety-seven were from the US and 38 came from Argentina. The following markers were tested: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), hepatitis D delta antigen (HD delta Ag), and Mallory's bodies (MB). In the US cases, AFP was present in 43%, AAT in 41%, HBsAg in 17%, and MB in 48%. Both HBcAg and HD delta Ag were absent. In the cases from Argentina, AFP was found in 26% and AAT in 18%. None of the other antigens were seen. Thirteen US tumors expressed three antigens and two four antigens simultaneously. This study reveals in humans a heterogenous expression of antigens by neoplastic hepatocytes with geographic differences, possibly due to multiple factors such as alcohol consumption or prevalence of hepatitis B infection.
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PMID:Antigenic markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. 168

Hep G2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma, was grown s.c. in nude mice, as well as in tissue culture. This line retains the normal liver parenchymal cell capacity to synthesize human plasma proteins such as albumin, but there is no indication that it harbors the hepatitis B virus. We have detected the oncofetal antigens alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in both Hep G2 xenografts and spent tissue culture media by Ouchterlony double diffusion assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistology. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the AFP levels were 544.9 ng/ml in the cell culture and 1.6 microgram/g in saline extracts of the xenograft. The CEA levels were 35.2 ng/ml in the cell culture and 5.4 micrograms/g in the xenograft. The biodistribution of a radioiodinated anti-AFP murine monoclonal antibody and an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody were studied separately in nude mice bearing s.c. Hep G2 xenografts in comparison to an isotype-matched irrelevant IgG (Ag8). Anti-CEA antibody showed a preferential localization for Hep G2, but anti-AFP antibody did not. Immunohistochemical studies of the Hep G2 tumor, using biotinylated anti-AFP and anti-CEA, indicate both cytoplasmic and luminal staining of CEA and AFP in the tumor. These results suggest that Hep G2 may be a useful cell line for radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy studies using anti-CEA and possibly anti-AFP monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein expression and monoclonal antibody targeting in a human hepatoma/nude mouse model. 168 35

To determine serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels, we used radioimmunoassay, and compared the results obtained with other tests in 231 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection to evaluate its clinical implications. All of these patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive. Among them, 38 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 18 had chronic persistent hepatitis, 70 had chronic lobular or active hepatitis (grouped as CAH), 31 had active cirrhosis (AC), 25 had inactive cirrhosis, 20 had decompensated cirrhosis, and 29 were "healthy" HBsAg carriers. Twenty-seven patients with acute hepatitis, 12 with cancer metastasis to the liver, and 81 normal adults served as disease or normal controls. The results showed that serum TBG level increased significantly in patients with CAH, AC, or HCC. Serum TBG did not correlate with albumin or bilirubin level, but correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) positively in patients with CAH (p less than 0.001) and negatively in patients with HCC (p less than 0.01) (slope difference p less than 0.05). Serial determination of serum TBG and ALT also showed parallel changes in 15 patients with CAH, but not in nine patients with HCC. In contrast, the fall and rise of serum TBG levels in patients with HCC coincided with tumor resection and recurrence. The data suggest that serum TBG elevation in patients with hepatitis activity is the result of hepatocellular damage, whereas that in patients with HCC is due to increased synthesis. Whether serum TBG elevation without concomitant rise of ALT could be used as a marker of HCC awaits further study.
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PMID:Thyroxine-binding globulin in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: different implications in hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 168 51

Circulating immune complexes (CIC), complement and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were detected in 93 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 16 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 54 healthy controls. The CIC and complements were significantly higher in HCC patients than in LC patients. The complement and polyethylene glycol(PEG)-CIC in HCC patients with LC were higher than those in LC only (P less than 0.0001). The complement levels in LC patients were significantly lower than in controls. There was no difference in C3 and C4 between HCC patients and controls, while the C3 proactivator was higher in HCC patients (P less than 0.02). The C1q-CIC was higher in HCC and LC patients when compared to controls (P less than 0.0001). In patients with HCC, there was no difference in the CIC and complement levels between patients with cirrhosis and those without. There were inverse correlations between C1q-CIC and C3 (P less than 0.05), C1q-CIC and C4 (P less than 0.04). The mean level of 3% PEG-CIC and C1q-CIC increased significantly as AFP elevated, but decreased as AFP was higher than 1599 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). These results imply that CIC increase with tumor growth but further tumor burden may result in a fall in CIC, there was a shifting of CIC from complement-fixing to non-complement-fixing as AFP increased gradually.
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PMID:Relationship of serum alpha-fetoprotein to circulating immune complexes and complements in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. 169 50

From 1980 to 1988, 161 patients underwent total extirpation of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. There were 18 operative or hospital deaths. Recurrence of tumor was diagnosed in 69 of the remaining 143 patients during follow-up treatment with monthly serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements and imaging studies that were performed every three months. There were 61 men and eight women whose ages ranged from 33 to 78 years. The histologic factors noted were cirrhosis of the liver in 60 patients and chronic hepatitis in nine. There were multiple or diffuse recurrences (Type A) in 34 instances, one to three nodular recurrences (Type B) in 21, marginal recurrences (Type C) in 11 and a mixed form of the latter two in three instances. Two-thirds of the recurrences were found within 1.5 years and the second peak was noted between 2.0 and 2.5 years. Sex of patient, hepatitis B virus, type of tumor, capsule, extent of hepatic resection and postoperative chemotherapy did not influence the rate of recurrence, but cirrhotic livers had a significantly higher recurrence rate. A second hepatic resection was performed upon 20 patients with a five year survival rate of 26.8 per cent. Good results were obtained by chemoembolization of the hepatic artery. Prevention and adequate treatment of intrahepatic recurrence are of paramount importance in achieving better surgical results for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Assessment of pattern and treatment of intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. 169 50

The data of the frequency, evolution and prognosis of 63 patients with primary liver carcinoma which had developed on the basis of liver cirrhosis are presented. An attempt is made to assess the importance of the etiologic factors, type of liver cirrhosis, macroscopic type of the tumor, histologic pattern of the cancer, sex and age for the evolution and prognosis of the disease. The patients with primary liver carcinoma without cirrhosis have a better prognosis. As high risk factors may be accepted: male sex, age over 50 years, toxic factors, hepatitis B virus infection and chronic alcoholism. The macroscopic type of the tumor also affects the prognosis. The histologic pattern of the cancer does not influence the survival of the patients with primary liver carcinoma.
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PMID:[Evolution and prognosis in patients with primary liver cancer. I. The effect of individual factors on the survival of patients with primary liver cancer]. 170 May 54

In a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 patients (2.95%) were found to have a second primary malignant tumor. All of the patients were male. The age ranged from 40 to 69 years old. (mean: 56.5) Peak incidence occurred in the seventh decade. The associated neoplasms included 4 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of thyroid cancer, 2 cases of retroperitoneal sarcomas, 1 case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 1 case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of common bile duct adenocarcinoma, 1 case of renal cell carcinoma, and 1 case of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The organ most commonly involved was large bowel (4 cases). Epithelial origin neoplasms comprised the vast majority (84.6%). Of the 13 cases, 2 associated malignancies existed metachronously, 4 and 5 years before HCC. The others were found at the same time as HCC. The clinical and pathological observations included age, sex, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), cirrhosis, gross and histologic appearance. The above presentations were similar in cases with and without second malignancy. We failed to find any factor that was possibly related to the etiology of the second neoplasm. Much more such cases are needed for further evaluation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma coexisted with second malignancy--a study of 13 cases from a consecutive 440 autopsy cases of HCC. 170 92

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed in 50 paraffin-embedded specimens of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resections. The DNA distribution pattern was classified in two types, diploid and aneuploid, according to the degree of dispersion on the DNA histogram. The major DNA pattern of HCC in this report proved to be aneuploid (78%), although 22% of tumors revealed a diploid pattern. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level exceeded 40 ng/ml in 86.1% of the aneuploid tumors and in 13.9% of the diploid tumors (p less than 0.05). We found no correlation between DNA distribution and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, the presence of liver cirrhosis or tumor size. Additionally we noted no significant correlation between the DNA pattern and survival rates in patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection.
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PMID:Flow cytometric DNA analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary report. 170 92

A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, JHH-7, was established from resected liver tumor of a 53 year old male with hepatitis B virus infection. JHH-7 was composed of polygonal epithelial cells and functionally synthesized and secreted human albumin, AFP, CEA and ferritin. No HBsAg was detected in the culture supernatant of JHH-7 cells. Changes of secretion of AFP and CEA from JHH-7 cells after heat treatment was studied using a temperature gradient incubator. Secretion of AFP decreased along with the inhibition of cell proliferation by heat treatment. Secretion of CEA, however, did not decrease even though the cells were damaged.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line JHH-7 producing alpha -fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen--changes in secretion of AFP and CEA from JHH-7 cells after heat treatment]. 170 54

According to the extent of hepatic involvement of the tumor and that of portal vein invasion at the time of initial diagnosis, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were grouped into three or four groups. Correlations among the extent of hepatic involvement, extent of portal vein invasion, and prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and age distribution were examined. The extent of hepatic involvement of the tumor and that of portal vein invasion were significantly greater in patients with positive HBsAg compared with findings in the negative patients (P less than 0.001). For cases of both positive and negative HBsAg, patients with a more extensive HCC were significantly younger. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hepatitis B antigenemia and younger age were statistically significant and independent positive predictors of extensive HCC. These results strongly suggest that hepatitis B surface antigenemia and age play an important role in the growth mode and the kinetics of HCC in Japanese patients.
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PMID:Influence of hepatitis B virus infection and age on mode of growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. 170 48


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