Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined in sera of 122 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma seen in Japan, using both the counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. It was positive in 49.2% of the patients with RIA, but the level of antigen in serum was relatively low since positivity rate by counterimmunoelectrophoresis was only 10.7%, The degree of antigenemia as assessed from the count relative to the cut-off value in RIA, was increased during the clinical course in 75% of the patients. The antigen tended to rise in concentration when the tumor grew at a rapid rate, when damage to liver parenchyma was extensive, or in patients receiving chemotherapy. There was also a tendency for less frequent positive antigen tests in patients with higher alpha-fetoprotein levels. Illustrative cases are presented with discussion on the possible explanation for the change in the degree of antigenemia.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to clinical course and alpha-fetoprotein. 6 61

The serum alphafetoprotein level (AFP) was studies in 125 histologically verified cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 66 other malignancies, 74 cases of cirrhosis of the liver, 60 of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 12 of chronic persistent hepatitis, 16 of subacute hepatitis, 36 of acute viral hepatitis, and 13 healthy hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Double immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used in all cases. AFP greater than 10 ng-ml appeared in 90% of the cases, and was above 400 ng/ml in 69%. In 80% of those above 400 ng/ml, AFP could also be demonstrated by immunodiffusion. The AFP level in hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered to decline as the age increased. It also appeared to be related to the tumor cell type; the relatively immature cell type was more frequently associated with a higher AFP level. The presence of HBsAg did not influence the AFP level. Although the AFP in other malignancies and liver diseases ranged abnormally from 14 to 69%, the level did not exceed 400 ng/ml as in our cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (except in one case). Thus, this figure provides a diagnostic serum level of AFP for the identification of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Serum alphafetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 Feb 68

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissue of liver and tumor from 50 male black mineworkers with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined by orcein stain for the presence of cytoplasmic hepatitis B surface antigen. The results were correlated with the serum hepatitis B antigen (HBAg). In 72% serum HBAg was positive. Orcein staining of nontumor liver cell cytoplasm was present in 18 (36%). Sixteen (89%) of these orcein-positive cases were serum HBAg positive. The two false negative serum HBAg results were obtained by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation. Serum HBAg, measured by radio-immunoassay and hemagglutination, was positive in 14 orcein-negative cases. Six other negative orcein results appeared to be due to sampling error. Orcein staining was noted in tumor cells of three serum HBAg positive patients. Provided the limitations of the technique are realized, orcein staining of liver tissue from hepatocellular carcinoma patients may prove useful for retrospective screening surveys to assess the prevalence of HBAg positivity in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B antigen in black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between orcein stained liver sections and serology. 7 53

In 31 patients with an initial diagnosis of cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected after a clinical follow-up of 8 months to 14 years with an average of 59 months. They had had no scintigraphic and biochemical abnormalities suggestive of HCC at the beginning. The follow-up period before the detection of carcinoma was shorter in patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen compared with those negative for hepatitis B surface antigen. Analyses of clinical data during the follow-up and liver scans made shortly before tumor detection suggested that in most of these patients HCC became discernible relatively early in the course of cirrhosis or long before cirrhosis reached an advanced stage. A sharp rise in serum alpha-fetoprotein level proved highly diagnostic in 11, it remained low throughout in 7, and tumor was already unresectable in the majority. Although continuous and regular check for alpha-fetoprotein is imperative in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly in those with hepatitis B surface antigenemia, additional diagnostic tools are necessary for the detection of small HCC in its resectable stage.
 ...
PMID:Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma during a clinical follow-up of chronic liver disease: observations in 31 patients. 7 17

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified with immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and aldehyde fuchsin stains within tumor cells in three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from a series of liver biopsies from 172 consecutive cases of HCC. Two patterns of distribution and staining of HBsAg in cells of HCC were observed. In two of the three biopsy specimens, HBsAg was confined to solitary or small groups of tumor cells where a heavily stained inclusion occupied the entire cytoplasm displacing the nucleus. These inclusions corresponded to ground-glass cytoplasm with hematoxylin-eosin. The pattern is different in the other specimen where all the HCC cells in one area of the tumor showed a diffuse peripheral or perinuclear staining of the cytoplasm. In hematoxylin-eosin sections, these tumor cells showed partial transformation of the cytoplasm into the ground-glass appearance.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen. Localization in cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 41

During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight-three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another. Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had infectious mononucleosis, and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in 65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients. There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.
 ...
PMID:Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life. 17 34

Two cases of minute hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) found in a liver infested with Clonorchis sinensis are described. One had mild infestation with hepatic changes suggestive of posthepatitic cirrhosis, and the other heavy infestation exhibiting secondary biliary cirrhosis with dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and periductal fibrosis. None had evidence of hepatitis B infection. The tumor nodule was solitary, measuring 5 X 7 mm and 10 X 11 mm, respectively, and the cells were differentiated to be classified as Grade I of Edmondson-Steiner's scale of anaplasia. It is not clear whether or not clonorchiasis was etiologically related to HCC, but it was of interest that in both cases the tumor nodule was very small representing the primary lesion without metastasis.
 ...
PMID:A minute hepatocellular carcinoma found in a liver with clonorchis sinensis infection: report of two cases. 19 47

Tumour, cirrhotic, and metastatic tissues from four patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma have been investigated for the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA by nucleic acid hybridization. Tumours from two of three patients with a current HBV infection contained 1--2 genomes per cell of unintegrated viral DNA, while tumours from the third HBs antigen-positive patient contained less than one genome equivalent per ten cells. A tumour from one patient with anti-HBs contained no detectable HBV DNA. A variety of models involving HBV as an etiologic agent may be advanced to explain the statistical correlation of HBV infection with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The data presented here argue against the model that HBV DNA integrated into every cell is required to maintain the oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes, but they do not rule out other models.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B virus DNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. 21 25

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified with aldehyde fuchsin and immunoperoxidase stain and by immunofluorescence in malignant hepatocytes with a ground-glass appearance in only one needle biopsy specimen of a series of biopsies from 130 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient was 14 years old. HBsAg was identified by aldehyde fuchsin stain in nonmalignant hepatocytes of 48 (58%) of 83 biopsy specimens that contained nonmalignant liver tissue. The antigen was demonstrable in significantly greater proportions of cases in younger age groups. A similar but not identical age relationship has been found for hepatitis B antigenemia in Hong Kong. It appears that the ability to produce HBsAg declines with age. The usual absence of demonstrable HBsAg in cells of hepatocellular carcinoma may be due to a failure of this characteristic to survive into the malignant cell line, and so does not invalidate the possibility that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In exceptional circumstances, as when hepatocellular carcinoma appears at an unusually early age, this marker is identifiable in cells of the tumor.
 ...
PMID:Cytoplasmic hepatitis B surface antigen and the ground-glass appearance in hepatocellular carcinoma. 21 45

Although hepatocellular carcinoma is probably caused by one or more environmental carcinogens, a genetically determined susceptibility to the development of the tumor has not been excluded. In looking for such a predisposition, we have compared the histocompatibility antigens (HLA) of 102 southern African blacks with histologically proved HCC with those of 208 healthy blacks. The standard two-stage lymphocyte microcytotoxicity method was used to test for 40 antigens: 17 in the A locus, 20 in the B locus, and 3 in the C locus. None of the HLA antigens had a frequency that was significantly different in the patients and the controls. A close association undoubtedly exists between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. If this virus is proved to be oncogenic with respect to hepatocellular carcinoma, a genetic predisposition to the hepatitis B virus carrier state may have an indirect bearing on the etiology of the tumor. Sera from the hepatocellular carcinoma patients were therefore tested for hepatitis B virus markers (HBV surface antigen and antibody against HBV core antigen), and these were related to the patients' histocompatibility antigens. None of the HLA antigen frequencies was significantly different in the surface antigen-positive and the surface antigen-negative patients. As 88% of the patients were anticore positive, no meaningful correlation could be carried out with this marker. Analysis of histocompatibility antigens thus failed to show evidence of a genetic predisposition either to hepatocellular carcinoma or to chronic hepatitis B surface antigenemia in patients with this tumor.
 ...
PMID:Histocompatibility antigens in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their relationship to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in these patients. 22 45


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>