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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The newer methods of molecular virology, including molecular hybridization and the "simultaneous detection test," were used to examine human brain tumors for evidence of RNA tumor viruses. It was found that they contained 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase, both encapsulated in a particle possessing a density of 1.17 g/ml. These particles therefore satisfy the three diagnostic features that characterize the animal RNA tumor viruses. Of 26 of the most malignant (glioblastoma and medullo blastoma) brain tumors examined, 24 (92%) contained these virus-like entities. The possible usefulness of these particles as aids in diagnosis and monitoring therapy is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Molecular evidence for a viral etiology of human CNS tumors. 96 99

The age-specific incidence pattern for tumors of the brain and cranial meninges in Connecticut over a 30-year period shows an early peak followed by a taller and sharper peak with a maximum in the 55-65 year age group. This overall curve reflects the pattern shown for glioblastoma, the tumor accounting for the majority of the histologically confirmed cases. The reported rates are probably underestimates of the actual rates. The various histologic types of brain tumors reveal sufficiently distinct epidemiologic patterns to be considered as separate diseases.
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PMID:The descriptive epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms: the Connecticut experience. 98 24

The author in his present paper reports extensive paraventricular cavitation of the lateral ventricles in a 24-year-old woman with a brain-stem glioblastoma. Playing an important etiopathogenetic role in the development of this particular complicatien are a disturbance of the pischarge of liquor due to the expansion in the posterior cranial fossa of the rapidly growing tumor, the internal hydrocephalus resulting therefrom, and the acute tumoral hemorrhage accompanied by an invasion of the fourth ventricle and partial internal hematocephalus.
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PMID:[Unusual paraventricular cavitations as complication of brain stem glioblastoma]. 101 54

A 21-year-old man with nasopharyngeal tumor was first admitted to the Nagoya University Hospital on April 15, 1972. He had difficulty in speaking and swallowing, and developed double vision prior to admission. A soft and yellow tumor was found in the nasopharynx and revealed typical features of chordoma. The patient underwent Co60 irradiation after the operation. On January 25, 1973, the patient developed double vision of severe degree. Microscopic examination of the specimen which was obtained at the time of the second operation in February 9, 1973, disclosed a coexistence (collision) of chordoma and hemangioblastoma. The two different tumors were situated in juxtaposition on histological examination. Co60 irradiation was added during his second hospitalization. Three months after the second operation, he developed symptoms of meningitis and was hospitalized for the third time on June 3, 1973, at which time the tumor tissue extended through the right frontal and middle fossa. The third operation was done with frontal craniotomy and tumor was partially removed. The histological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma. Postoperatively the patient went downhill and died on September 19, 1973. The report of a collision tumor of intracranial chordoma and hemangioblastoma is not found in the previous literature. There have been many theories as to the origin of collision tumor. Some investigators have proposed that the existence of hyperplastic blood vessels within the glioblastoma is responsible for the collision tumor of sarcoma and glioblastoma. Since the advent of radiotherapy, several examples of sarcoma have been discovered at postmortem examination in patient irradiated for treatment of cerebral neoplasm, both gliogeneous and nongliogenous, suggesting a possible relationship between the tumor and the radiation therapy. In our case, the chordoma showed neither hyperplastic blood vessels nor malignant pattern on histological examination. It was suspected that post-operative radiation induced the hemangioblastoma. The etiology was discussed from the review of literature.
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PMID:[Intracranial collision tumor--A case report (author's transl)]. 103 89

It is well known that radiation therapy can be successfully used to cure or control some types of human tumors, while consistently failing in others. This has been ascribed to several factors including differences in the intrinsic sensitivity of the tumor cells and in their ability to recover from radiation damage. In this study, human tumor cells from an osteogenic sarcoma, a glioblastoma, and two medulloblastomas, as well as cells from human skin, were established in tissue culture, and the in vitrox x-ray survival and DNA repair parameters determined. No significant differences in either clonogenic survival or DNA strand rejoining ability could be detected among these human tumors or skin cells, despite the wide variability in their radiocurability in vivo. In addition, skin cell strains derived from patients exhibiting markedly sensitive or resistant skin reactions during fractionated radiotherapy showed no differences in survival characteristics from normal controls. It is therefore suggested that the wide range of radiocurabilities seen among various human tumors cannot be explained on the basis of inherent cellular factors responsible for the survival of tumor cells after x-irradiation.
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PMID:Inherent cellular radiosensitivity of human tumors of varying clinical curability. 106 84

The authors review and discuss the basic concepts of cell kinetics as applied to brain tumors. Uncontrolled growth of a neoplasm represents an expanding tumor cell population. Four growth parameters characterize the behavior of a neoplastic population: cell cycle time, growth fraction, tumor doubling time, and cell loss. The concept of provisionally nondividing cells explains the disparity between cell cycle time and tumor doubling time. Human gliomas, like many non-neural solid tumors, contain variable proportions of actively proliferating and nonproliferating tumor cells; this ratio is expressed by the growth fraction. The major kinetic difference between glioblastomas and differentiated astrocytomas resides in their respective growth fractions, in all likelihood an inherent biological characteristic of each tumor. Glioblastoma proliferates at a rapid rate, and only a high rate of cell loss prevents this tumor from doubling its volume in less than 1 week. The selection of drugs and design of drug schedules for treatment of glioblastomas should be made with the knowledge that 60% to 70% of the cells in this tumor are resting (nonproliferating). If experience with other solid tumors is any guide, judicious selection and combined use of drugs according to kinetically sound schedules will produce more effective chemotherapy of brain tumors.
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PMID:Review of basic concepts of cell kinetics as applied to brain tumors. 108 66

Immune deficiency of immunocompetent cells or of humoral factors are essential causes of tumor growth. The authors have investigated the transfer of immunocompetent cells - allogeneic bone marrow cell transfusion and white blood cell intracranial infusion - for the treatment of 11 malignant gliomas in infants and children as an adjuvant to surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Ten cases, from 3 months to 11 years, received bone marrow cell transfusion. Two medulloblastomas and 3 pontine gliomas are dead. Five cases are alive and well 37-65 months following surgery. Among these two posterior fossa neoplasms, a medulloblastoma and a glioblastoma have survived 46 and 65 months, respectively. One cerebral glioblastoma received allogeneic white blood cells infused locally into the tumor bed: it recurred 1 year following surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Cytolysis of the tumor cells by sensitized lymphoid cells were demonstrated in this case. The role of immunotherapy should be limited at the present time to adjuvant therapy until its effect on tumor growth is statistically confirmed. The results so far are promising, and improvement of the immunological approach in treating malignant brain tumors is under way.
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PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors in infants and children. 110 67

Serial angiotomography is a selective investigative method which contributes to exact differential diagnosis and localization of the tumor. With the localization near the midline of the supratentorial tumors it can occasionally be the only arteriographical method which will bring a definite result. With basal processes the relationship of the tumor to the bones and dura can be demonstrated more accurately. In addition angiotomography brings new haemodynamic aspects with regard to the circulation time and intensity of the tumor stain of glioblastoma.
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PMID:Serial angiotomography in supratentorial tumors. 119 84

The authors present a rare case of primary multiple sarcoma of the brain and spinal cord. Histologically the tumor was differentiated with meningeal sarcoma and glioblastoma. The diagnosis of a sarcoma was based on the existence of densly located polymorphic cells with a large amount of ugly gigantic cells and a dissemination of them along the vessels, the presence of collagenic filaments not only in the walls of the vessels, but between the tumor cells. The morphological pictures of the tumor in the brain and spinal cord were identical.
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PMID:[Primary multiple sarcoma of the brain and spinal cord]. 121 Sep 58

In view of the fact that clinical reports have been recently made that combined varopressin-corticosteroid therapy is remarkably effective against recurrent malignant astrocytoma, it is considered necessary to review the antitimor action of steroids against glioma. The effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate were studied on cultured cells derived from 17 glioma cases composed of 8 cases of glioblastoma (grade III, IV) and 9 cases of benign astrocytoma (grade I, II). Actively growing monolayer culture of tumor cells was exposed to the test agent of serially diluted concentration from 10(-4) to 10(-7) g/ml. The effectiveness was estimated by calculating the proliferation rate of cells for 7 days. The response curve of the test agent exhibited a relatively good correlation to dose as well as a good potency in suppressing cellular proliferation. This was more marked in cells from malignant glioma than those from benign glioma. The results also indicate that the inhibitory effects of corticosteroid are closely correlated to the growth rate of the tumor itself. Thus, the therapeutic effects of long-term administration of corticosteroid can be expected not only by the resultant decrease in cerebral edema and in the suppressed production rate of cerebrospinal fluid but also from the standpoint of its anti-timor action. It should be possible to effectively include steroid therapy in the program of surgical procedure, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for glioma patients in whom recurrence is generally almost inevitable.
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PMID:[The inhibitory effects of corticosteroid on the proliferation of tumor cells derived from human astrocytoma-gliobastoma--with special reference to combined vasopressin--corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. 123 14


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