Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A fusion between a selectable multidrug resistance (MDR1) cDNA and an adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA concomitantly confers multidrug resistance and ADA activity on transfected cells. We have produced a Harvey murine sarcoma virus-derived, replication-defective, recombinant retrovirus to transduce this chimeric MDR-ADA gene efficiently into a great variety of cells. Infection with the MDR-ADA retrovirus conferred the multidrug resistance phenotype on drug-sensitive cells, therefore allowing selection in the presence of colchicine. Colchicine-resistant cells synthesized large amounts of a membrane-associated 210-kDa MDR-ADA fusion protein that preserved both MDR and ADA functional activities. To monitor expression of the chimeric gene in vivo, Kirsten virus-transformed NIH cells were infected with the MDR-ADA retrovirus, and after drug-selection, injected into athymic nude mice. Tumors developed that contained the bifunctionally active MDR-ADA fusion protein. When these mouse tumor cells were placed in tissue culture without the selecting drug, they did not lose the bifunctionally active MDR-ADA fusion protein. The replication-defective, recombinant MDR-ADA retrovirus should be useful to stably introduce the chimeric MDR-ADA gene into a variety of cell types for biological experiments in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Retroviral transfer of a chimeric multidrug resistance-adenosine deaminase gene. 196 8

The serum level of immunosuppressive substance (IS) was studied in 40 patients with primary oral cancer and in 79 patients without cancer. Its usefulness was evaluated as a parameter for monitoring therapy as well as recurrence of the tumors. Mean values for serum IS in patients with cancer and patients without were 687 +/- 284 micrograms/mL and 464 +/- 153 micrograms/mL, respectively. Normal healthy controls had a mean value of 431 +/- 105 micrograms/mL, with the cutoff value set at 641 micrograms/mL (mean +2 SD). Patients without cancer who had a severe infectious disease showed conspicuously high serum IS levels, and these values were closely correlated with their C-reactive protein values. The positive rate of IS increased in all patients with oral cancer was 58%. The mean level of serum IS in cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (P less than .01), and the level was found to be more elevated as the stage of the disease advanced (stage I to III, 48%; stage IV, 68%). Histologic analysis of the tumor cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showed that the mean serum IS level of those who had poorly differentiated SCC was much higher (937 +/- 181 micrograms/mL) than that of patients with well-differentiated SCC (616 +/- 159 micrograms/mL). Patients who had recurrent or metastatic cancer, or those who died from the cancer exhibited marked elevation of the serum IS levels, whereas patients who remained free of cancer in the follow-up period showed significantly lower serum IS levels. The rise and fall of the serum IS level was closely correlated with the disease progression and/or remission. These data strongly suggest that serum IS is a useful parameter for monitoring the disease stage as well as the effect of therapy on patients with oral cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of the serum level of immunosuppressive substance in oral cancer patients. 199 88

The advances in the antibiotic therapy of acute bacterial infections can be shown by the decreasing frequency of complications and fatalities in children. The annual death-rate from pneumonia in children aged one month to 15 years has fallen in Schleswig-Holstein from 1.8 (1954-1958) to 0.6 per 10,000 (1969-1973). At the same time the total death-rate in the same age group has fallen from 14.5 to 9.3 per 10,000 children. The percentage of pneumonia in the total death-rate was 5.3% in 1971-1973: 1.6% in the first month of life and after the sixteenth year 2.3%. Pneumonia was in fourth place (after accident, malformation and neoplasm) as a cause of death in children more than one month old. Of 245 children operated on for congenital heart disease in 1983-1984, bacterial and fungal infections occurred in 3.6% compared to 17.8% of 469 in 1968-1972. Staphylococcal infections decreased from 3.4% to 0.8% and those caused by gram-negative bacteria from 6.9% to 0. Perioperative prophylaxis was performed with cefotaxime plus piperacillin in 1983-1984 versus oxacillin plus ampicillin in 1968-1972. Between 1984 and 1989, 944 children (premature babies and term babies) were treated in the intensive care unit of the University Children's Hospital of Kiel. The incidence of sepsis was 5% (congenital sepsis 4%, sepsis acquired after birth 1%). Early diagnosis and treatment of severe bacterial infections with cefotaxime plus piperacillin reduced the mortality rate of sepsis to 2%. Sepsis never developed under treatment with cefotaxime plus piperacillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection 1991
PMID:[Progress of antibiotic therapy in pediatrics]. 200 18

In Japan, there is still much controversy surrounding the merits and demerits of informing patients of a cancer diagnosis. With respect to this point, the Research Institute of Vaccine Therapy for Tumors and Infectious Diseases of Nippon Medical School conducted a survey from Jan. 1989 to Jan. 1990. The following responses were obtained from 546 patients and 599 families. 66.7% of the patients and 31.7% of the families desired to have a direct explanation of a malignant diagnosis, so they could plan accordingly. In this respect, quality of life was seen as a key factor. Conversely, those not wishing to know of a malignant diagnosis did not want to cause the patients undue trauma and stress. Some comparisons were made with the present situation in the U.S. where informed consent for cancer therapy is generally accepted.
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PMID:[A survey on informed consent. Approach to cancer treatment]. 201 39

The otorhinolaryngologic (O.R.L.) diseases seen in the emergency room are frequent and diverse. Most of them need the otorhinolaryngologist and anaesthetist to be present in order to realise fast, adequate and, above all, well coordinated gestures. The foreign bodies, the hemorrhagies, the traumas, the infectious diseases and finally the respiratory distress can be classified by frequency order. The laryngo tracheal dyspneas (DL) are first considered because they are the most dramatic emergencies: infectious DL in children, DL secondary to tracheal intubation or tracheotomy, DL caused by a tumor, traumatic DL secondary to a knock, a blast, a burn or a thyroidectomy, edematous DL and "DL after tracheotomy". The infectious O.R.L. emergencies are observed in the serious pharyngeal diseases, in the cervical cellulitis and during the complications of sinusitis or mastoiditis. The foreign bodies (CE) are the most frequent cause of O.R.L emergencies. The complications depends of the location of the foreign: almost nonexistent if the CE is located in the nasal fossa or in the meatus acusticus externus, inconstant if CE is oropharyngeal or oesophageal. The complications may be fatal if CE is pharyngotracheal and are relevant to the exact location of CE which result in emergency behavior. The considered oesophageous lesions not due to CE are chemical burns and perforations; in emergency, hemorrhagic O.R.L. lesions only epistaxias are concerned; O.R.L. hemorrhage need to be studied with their specific causes.
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PMID:[Emergencies in ORL: management by the anesthesiologist]. 206 85

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is initiated when its envelope protein, gp120, binds to its receptor, the cell surface glycoprotein CD4. Small molecules, termed N-carbomethoxycarbonyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl benzyl esters (CPFs), blocked this binding. CPFs interacted with gp120 and did not interfere with the binding of CD4 to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. One CPF isomer, CPF(DD), preserved CD4-dependent T cell function while inhibiting HIV-1 infection of H9 tumor cells and human T cells. Although the production of viral proteins in infected T cells is unaltered by CPF(DD), this compound prevents the spread of infection in an in vitro model system.
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PMID:Prevention of HIV-1 infection and preservation of CD4 function by the binding of CPFs to gp120. 211 89

Infection of freshly established malignant human tumor cells with the adeno-associated viruses AAV-2 or AAV-5 inhibits cell proliferation. Normal human fibroblasts are also affected, but appear to partially escape the inhibition. In cell cultures of permanent lines of human and rodent origin, cell number reduction could not be observed. The AAV-mediated influence on cell growth is not due to helper-independent replication of the virus, since neither of the cell cultures supported AAV propagation in the absence of a viral helper.
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PMID:Adeno-associated parvoviruses inhibit growth of cells derived from malignant human tumors. 215 36

Ninety-seven male homosexuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other group IV human immunodeficiency virus disease were studied for anal human papillomavirus infection and intra-anal cytological abnormalities. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 52 subjects (54%), and 38 subjects (39%) were found to have abnormal anal cytological findings; anal intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 15 specimens (15%). Abnormalities on anal cytological smear were significantly associated with the presence of human papillomavirus DNA, with a risk ratio of 4.6. Infection with multiple human papillomavirus types was common (12%) and was associated with a risk ratio for cytological abnormalities of 39.0. Median T4 counts of subjects with abnormal cytological findings were significantly lower than those with normal findings. These studies indicate that immunosuppressed male homosexuals have a high prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and this population may be at significant risk for the development of anal cancer.
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PMID:Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal papillomavirus infection among homosexual males with group IV HIV disease. 216 23

We studied the effects of helper-dependent parvovirus AAV [adeno-associated virus] type 2 on carcinogen-inducible resistance to methotrexate (MTX) and adriamycin (ADR) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both types of drug resistance were monitored by determination of the number of drug-resistant colonies normalized for the respective value of plating efficiency under non-selective conditions. Treatment of cells with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) drastically enhanced the frequency of resistance to MTX and ADR. By contrast, infection of cells with AAV-2 prior to treatment with MNNG markedly inhibited carcinogen-induced drug resistance. Infection by AAV alone did not exert any effect. Analysis of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene copy numbers of individual MTX-resistant clones derived from MNNG-treated and non-treated cultures revealed similar frequencies (60-80%) and amplitudes of dhfr gene amplification (2- to 8-fold) irrespective of prior AAV treatment. Hence, carcinogen-induced enhancement of MTX-resistance could reflect an increase in the frequency of dhfr gene amplification among the survivors of MNNG treatment. On the other hand, inhibition of carcinogen-inducible drug resistance by AAV suggests an interference of the virus with cellular responses to genotoxic stress, thus leading to enhanced cell killing under altered growth conditions. Possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effect of AAV and its relevance in relation to tumor chemotherapy are discussed.
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PMID:Inhibition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced methotrexate and adriamycin resistance in CHO cells by adeno-associated virus type 2. 216 3

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) is a peptide so named because it helps to impart anchorage-independent growth to normal rat kidney (NRK) cells in vitro and is secreted by many rodent and human tumor cells. To directly investigate the transforming properties of this factor, we constructed a replication-defective murine retrovirus that expresses the human sequence coding for TGF alpha. Infection of NIH/3T3 cells with the TGF alpha retrovirus led to the integration of a transcriptionally active provirus and overexpression of biologically active TGF alpha, but failed to induce morphologic transformation. Similarly, the TGF alpha retrovirus failed to induce morphologic transformation of five other types of rodent fibroblasts. We also investigated the effect of TGF alpha expression on the growth of BALB/MK mouse keratinocytes, which require epidermal growth factor (EGF) for proliferation. We show that exogenously added TGF alpha is an extremely potent mitogen for BALB/MK cells. However, retroviral expression of TGF alpha in BALB/MK cells failed to relieve dependence on exogenously added EGF (or TGF alpha) for cell growth. These results suggest that overexpression of TGF alpha does not, by itself, transform rodent fibroblasts or keratinocytes.
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PMID:Retroviral expression of transforming growth factor-alpha does not transform fibroblasts or keratinocytes. 217 May 38


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