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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of the mouse with Trichinella pseudospiralis is accompanied by pronounced suppression of host inflammatory response. This study examines the effects of infection with this parasite on several key elements in cell-mediated immunity. Early down-regulation of host granulomatous response to subcutaneously implanted cotton string and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) was followed later during infection by normalization of these parameters compared to that seen in uninfected mice. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to tumor-specific antigens expressed on the syngeneic P91 mastocytoma were depressed early following infection with T. pseudospiralis relative to that seen in uninfected mice but were similar in these two groups during the later stages of infection. Down-regulation of the components of cell-mediated reaction examined herein accompanied the presence of migratory larvae in the host.
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PMID:Effect of acute versus chronic Trichinella pseudospiralis infections on systemic cell-mediated immunity. 178 35

Over the past eighty years, osteoarticular allografts have provided the possibility of limb-sparing procedures in tumor surgery. Several authors have now reported up to 80 per cent successful use of these types of grafts, and large well-documented series give evidence that limb reconstruction following extensive resection of bone and joints has been possible with their use. In conjunction with their successful applications, studies of the fate of osteoarticular allografts have provided useful information on their associated problems. Infection has been a major complication, affecting up to 12 per cent of recipients and frequently resulting in re-operations and occasionally amputations. Studies have suggested however that almost half of these infections are due to soft-tissue complications rather than to the allografts. Fractures and non-unions, affecting up to 10 per cent of recipients, have proven easier to treat, and few if any patients lose their grafts after fractures. A recent study of retrieved osteoarticular allografts has shown that incorporation of these massive bone segments is slow but progressive, and ultimate incorporation of the grafts can be expected in most patients. The fate of the cartilaginous portion of the grafts has also been evaluated. Our laboratory has suggested that although cryopreservation of the articular portion of the grafts appears feasible in vitro, the fate of transplanted cryopreserved cartilage is dependent on many factors, including accurate sizing and ligamentous reconstruction around the replaced joints. In determining indications for massive osteoarticular allografts, we have found that these grafts are not a panacea for all problems encountered in bone tumor resection, but should be used advisedly for the treatment of specific problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Osteoarticular allografts. 179 91

Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection of immunosuppressed patients. We describe here 5 cases of mucormycosis: three with facial and eye involvement, one with lung involvement and one affecting skin and joints. All five patients had underlying diseases: diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, neoplasia and AIDS. Four patients were treated with amphotericin B and also with surgical debridement. Infection could be controlled only in two patients. Both survived but with major sequelae. In two additional patients, death was directly related to the infection and the remaining patient was lost to follow-up.
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PMID:[Infection by Mucorales fungi]. 180 50

We describe a case of a male teenager, affected by acne fulminans. He had lytic bone lesions in both clavicles and arthritis of the right sacroiliac joint and spine. A bone scan showed increased uptake in these areas. Infection or a neoplastic disease was suspected but the cytological examination and the bacterial cultures of the material collected with a fine needle biopsy from the clavicular lesion were negative. The patient was treated with diclofenac and promptly recovered. Our report emphasizes that, although unusual, acne fulminans can be complicated by an erosive systemic arthritis and bone lesions. An immunological mechanism seems to be involved in this association.
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PMID:Lytic bone lesions and polyarthritis associated with acne fulminans. 183 24

A total of 135 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies from varying sites were performed in 123 children (mean, 10.5 years; range, one day to 18 years) over a five-year period. One hundred thirty (96.3%) biopsy specimens were satisfactory for evaluation. Seventy-nine cases were nonneoplastic (60.8%); among these cases, a specific diagnosis of infectious disease was made in 17 (13.1%). A diagnosis of neoplastic disease was made in 50 (38.5%) cases, of which 14 (10.8%) were benign, 28 (21.5%) were malignant, and 8 (6.2%) were neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential. The sensitivity of pediatric FNA biopsies was 90.6%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 94.7%, and efficiency of the test 96.5%. There were no false-positive diagnoses and there were four false-negative diagnoses, three of which involved aspirates of the central nervous system (CNS). Ancillary studies, including immunocytochemistry (20 cases), electron microscopic examination (18 cases), microbiologic culture (8 cases), cytogenetic studies (7 cases), and flow cytometry (3 cases), were performed on the aspirated material, enabling a more specific diagnosis or supplying additional information in many cases. Definitive diagnosis by FNA biopsy enabled radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy to be administered for unresectable malignant neoplasms, provided material for culture of infectious lesions, identified benign lesions not needing surgery, and aided the surgeon in planning the extent of surgery in resectable malignant neoplasms. These results support the greater use of FNA biopsy in the pediatric population.
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PMID:Pediatric fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 185 Sep 52

This investigation examines whether cytokines, as exemplified by leukoregulin, with their immense potential for biorecognition and target cell modulation as a result of their complex three-dimensional structure, have the potential to provide new directions for biotherapy of infectious disease. Leukoregulin is a naturally occurring immunologic cytokine, secreted by stimulated lymphocytes, which increases membrane permeability and drug uptake in tumor but not in normal cells. This study demonstrates that leukoregulin also increases the plasma membrane permeability of cells acutely infected with herpes simplex type 1 virus and that the increase in membrane permeability is accompanied by a 10- to 100-fold increase in the ability of acyclovir to inhibit the release of infectious virus when the cells are treated with leukoregulin 3 hours after infection with the virus. This is the first demonstration that a cytokine, alone or in combination with anti-viral chemotherapy, can effectively inhibit virus replication in human cells following acute virus infection, which indicates that combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy have the potential to completely inhibit the production of infectious virus by acutely infected human cells.
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PMID:1990 Sir Henry Wellcome medal and prize winner. Leukoregulin: a new biotherapeutic cytokine in the search for more effective anti-viral pharmacologic agents. 185 46

HIV type 1 and 2 isolates derived from brain and blood of infected individuals were used to infect astrocytic cells of tumor origin. Infection was monitored by polymerase chain reaction. The majority of the isolates infected the glioma cells, independently of the source of isolation. Added to the fact that the majority of primary HIV isolates infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, these results indicate that primary blood and brain HIV strains have similar target cells. The production of virus from infected astrocytes was detected only upon infection with two macrophage-adapted strains. Also in this case, the number of infected cells was very low and only one in 5000 cells carried the proviral HIV genome.
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PMID:Brain-derived cells can be infected with HIV isolates derived from both blood and brain. 185 81

Benign pathology of the facial bones is divided into three groups: congenital, infectious and neoplastic. The knowledge of segmentation of the face into meridians is important for understanding malformations. Panoramic X-rays remain their diagnostic value. CT is able to define the exact location and contents of the tumor. Nowadays, MRI, sometimes gives information concerning the exact contents of tumors. The face is divided into meridians numbered from 0 to 7 and from 8 to 14 counting from the middle part to the external auditory neatus. Infection from dental caries may spread to the maxilla and the mandible and sometimes into masticator spaces. It can be responsible for maxillary fungal sinusitis in tumor. The main problem is not exact diagnosis but the exact location and extent of the disease in order to allow large surgical removal.
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PMID:[Benign pathology of the facial bones]. 189 58

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare syndrome involving ectopic calcifications in the vicinity of the large joints. In about one third of patients the disorder is familial and is associated with hyperphosphatemia, elevation of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin-D levels and peculiar dental lesion. TC is inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner. In a normophosphatemic male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, TC occurred first in the thoracic wall. Seven years after excision of the first lesion, a large tumor mass around the right hip developed. Infection of the calcified masses with Staph. aureus led to extensive abscess formation, septicemia and death at the age of 64. Clinical, dental and biochemical examination of the 7 descendants of the patient revealed no constitutional signs of the disease, thus identifying our patient as a sporadic case. Clinical and pathological findings in the patient are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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PMID:[Tumoral calcinosis with superinfection and sepsis]. 192 69

Infectious disease is the most common etiology of a cavitary lung process, which can occur with necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscess and septic pulmonary embolism. Other infectious causes of pulmonary cavitation include cavitating fungal or mycobacterial granulomas and superinfection of preexisting spaces. Noninfectious causes of cavitation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis are infarction from thromboembolic disease or vasculitis, necrotic primary or metastatic tumor, rheumatoid nodules and air-filled congenital cysts. The clinical history combined with radiographic features can be helpful in diagnosing the underlying cause of cavitation.
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PMID:Necrotizing aspiration pneumonia. 195 Sep 68


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