Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incorporation of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-)doxorubicin, which we developed as a mucous-membrane-adhesive drug preparation, was instilled into the urinary bladder in 10 clinical cases. Tumor of the urinary bladder was a single tumor in all 10 cases, and preclinical histology showed transitional cell carcinoma, grade 1 or 2, and a lower stage than T1. HPC-doxorubicin, 20 mg/20 ml, was administered in 5 cases, and the other 5 cases received the conventional aqueous doxorubicin, 20 mg/20 ml by way of a catheter and the urethra. Cold punch biopsy was performed after 3 days of instillation, and the incorporation of doxorubicin into both tumorous and normal tissue was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. After 3 days, it was found that in the HPC-doxorubicin-administered group, doxorubicin was detected in both tumorous and normal tissue, but it was not detected in either tissue after aqueous doxorubicin administration. In 5 cases of the HPC-doxorubicin group, doxorubicin levels in the tumorous and normal tissue were examined, and it was found that significantly more doxorubicin was detected in the tumorous tissues. Thus, it may be said that our HPC-doxorubicin remained longer within the urinary bladder than the conventional aqueous doxorubicin preparation. Instilled HPC-doxorubicin is more highly concentrated in the tumorous tissue than in the normal bladder tissue, and thus, HPC-compounded anticancer drugs may be therapeutically more useful.
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PMID:Studies on the retention of the mucous-membrane-adhesive anticancer agent hydroxypropylcellulose doxorubicin. 149 35

The Nd:YAG laser is suitable for the treatment of various otorhinolaryngological clinical disorders. These include the palliative reduction of tumor size in sites with difficult access, treatment of hemangiomas and reduction of hyperplastic turbinates. Within certain limits, other indications are treatment of recurrent epistaxis and recurrent polyposis. Palliative reduction of malignancies in the nasopharynx, esophagus, and bronchial system (laser power density: 1500-8000 W/cm2) must sometimes be carried out in several sessions in order to avoid complications due to the laser (i.e., perforation of the bronchial or esophageal wall, lesions of adjacent vessels or nerves). Nd:YAG laser treatment of hemangiomas (500-3000 W/cm2) can lead to excellent results. To avoid excessive thermal lesions, vascular tissue is cooled with ice cubes or with an ice-cold Ringer's solution. The laser process is continued until the onset of tissue blanching. Carbonizations of the tissue are to be avoided. In Nd:YAG laser therapy of hyperplastic lower nasal conchae (approx. 1000 W/cm2), results are based on submucous scarring in which the covering epithelium is maintained. The objective of Nd:YAG laser treatment of recurrent epistaxis in patients with Osler's disease (500 W/cm2) is to reduce the incidence of hemorrhage. Use of the laser in recurrent polyposis is best confined to patients who refuse conventional surgical revision operations. Laser light (500-3500 W/cm2) should only be applied for a short period of time (0.5 s) to avoid creating a rarefying osteitis.
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PMID:[Use of the Nd:YAG laser in otorhinolaryngology]. 150 Mar 2

Extensive psychophysical tests were conducted on a patient with a well circumscribed tumor located just inferior and posterior to the retroinsular cortex of the right hemisphere. Statistically significant laterality differences were observed, with the left hand exhibiting: (1) a higher mechanical pain threshold, (2) a higher heat pain threshold, (3) a greater cold pain tolerance, and (4) a poorer ability to discriminate roughness. The patient was re-examined 2.5 months after operative removal of the tumor and was found to have regained normal sensitivity in his left hand. Pre- and postoperative MRIs showed resolution of the tumor's mass effect on the retroinsular and neighboring parietal operculum, which likely included the second somatosensory cortex. This dramatic change in sensory capacity signifies an essential role for the posterior insula and parietal operculum in normal pain and tactile perception.
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PMID:Reversible pain and tactile deficits associated with a cerebral tumor compressing the posterior insula and parietal operculum. 151 3

During development, mesoderm differentiates into connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle and kidney. In experimental conditions the developmental spectrum of mesoderm grafted below the kidney capsule is reduced so that mostly brown adipose tissue (BAT) appears. Since BAT is a particular tissue with a specific developmental pattern, the structural and functional characteristics of experimentally developed BAT were analyzed in the present study. Mesoderm from nine-day-old rat embryos was grafted below the kidney capsule of adult rats and one month later the BAT-containing tumors were analyzed. The ultrastructural and morphometrical data of BAT-containing tumors were the same as in BAT developed in situ. Tissue-specific mRNA for uncoupling protein (UCP) was expressed in BAT-containing tumors, and immuno-electron microscopical analysis showed that mitochondria of these brown adipocytes contained UCP. Injections of noradrenaline and exposure of BAT-tumor-bearing rats to cold stress increased both the amount of UCP and the expression of UCP mRNA in tumors of BAT; i.e., experimentally developed BAT entirely resembled standard BAT. It is proposed that mesoderm isolated and displaced below the kidney capsule lacks the inductive stimuli of ectoderm and endoderm, and as a result mesoderm can not realize the natural pattern of differentiation. Here, in a new environment, mesoderm is exposed to new stimuli which induce differentiation of mesoderm into BAT, probably through neuro-vascular elements from the medial side of the kidney (BAT area). Thus, although mesoderm contains a wide differentiation capacity, it can differentiate into only one type of tissue, depending on the presence and range of inductive stimuli.
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PMID:Brown adipose tissue as a derivative of mesoderm grafted below the kidney capsule. A model for differentiation of isolated rat mesoderm. 152 14

In vitro culture of murine spleen cells with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) was found to induce lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-like cells capable of killing both natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK-resistant tumor cells as well as syngeneic macrophages (M phi). The induction of LAK-like activity by C. parvum was significantly inhibited by anti-interleukin-2 (IL-2) or anti-interferon (IFN) alpha, beta antibody (Ab), and it was further inhibited by the combination of two Abs, suggesting that the generation of killer cells by C. parvum was dependent on IL-2 and IFN(s) produced in the culture. It was considered that M phi were important in the induction of LAK-like cells by C. parvum because the depletion of M phi from spleen cells before culture with C. parvum significantly reduced the induction of killer activity. The majority of effectors mediating both tumor cells and M phi were Thyl+ and asialo-GM1 (aGM1)+, and the lysis of M phi by C. parvum-induced killer cells could be inhibited by the addition of cold YAC-1 tumor cells and P815 tumor cells, suggesting that the same population of effectors recognized tumor cells and M phi. These results demonstrated a possibility that the killing of M phi by C. parvum-induced killer cells might down-regulate anti-tumor effects of C. parvum.
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PMID:Induction of murine lymphokine-activated killer-like cells by Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) in vitro: lysis of tumor cells and macrophages by C. parvum-induced killer cells. 158 May 62

With the purpose of studying changes in the expression of glycoconjugate structures in nonmalignant and cancerous lesions of urothelium the lectins ConA, TKA, PNA, DBA, STA, LFA, UEA, MPA, RCA, LCA, GSA1, SBA, GSA2, WGA, PHA and Lot were tested in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of (1) cold biopsies from normal urothelium and bladder cancer of different grades (G1-G3) in humans, (2) normal transitional epithelium and N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer in animal experiments (Wistar rat), and (3) human transitional cancer cell line HT 1376. In human urothelium TKA and SBA were positive markers demonstrating positive staining reactions in all tumor grades without binding to normal epithelium. They stained also the human transitional carcinoma cell line HT 1376 (G3). In Wistar rats DBA, ConA, LCA, SBA, GSA2 and WGA had a specific affinity to BBN-induced carcinoma. Findings of positive lectin marker in transitional cell cancer may offer progress in diagnostics and therapy.
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PMID:Lectins in diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. 158 9

A tumor appeared on the back of a transgenic mouse carrying the SV40 T-antigen under control of a mouse major urinary protein promoter. High levels of mRNA for the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) indicated that the tumor was a hibernoma. The tumor has been established as a transplantable tumor line in nude (nu/nu) mice and used as a source of cells to develop a tissue culture system for analyzing brown fat development and differentiation. Ucp expression in tumor cells cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and 10% fetal calf serum was virtually undetectable. Addition of 10(-7) M norepinephrine resulted in approximately a 30-fold induction of Ucp mRNA within 4 h. The induction by norepinephrine was independent of cell density and also independent of thyroid hormone and insulin during the first 5 days in culture. However, in order to maintain the inducibility of Ucp during prolonged culture periods, it was necessary to supplement the medium with insulin. In contrast to Ucp, the expression of Gdc-1, which encodes the cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and which is also induced in brown fat by cold exposure, was repressed by norepinephrine and induced by the addition of insulin. Characterization of the adrenergic receptors required for Ucp induction with agonists and antagonists indicated that beta 1 receptors are predominantly utilized; there is no evidence for utilization of beta 3 and alpha 1 receptors for Ucp induction.
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PMID:Adrenergic regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene in brown fat tumor cells. 160 85

The in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with interleukin 2 (IL-2) results in the development of potent cytotoxic effector cells, referred to as lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. LAK cells are capable of lysing a wide variety of autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumor cells. The exact mechanism of target cell recognition by LAK cells remains unknown. LAK cell activity has been reported for a variety of domesticated species except the horse. We report here that IL-2-stimulated equine PBMC, which fail to lyse either human or murine tumor cell lines, exhibit potent cytolytic activity against an equine tumor cell line, EqT8888. Cytolytic activity against the EqT8888 cells required 3 days of incubation with IL-2, was mediated primarily by T-cells, and was not restricted by major histocompatibility complex antigens. Though LAK activity could only be demonstrated using equine-derived target cells, xenogeneic targets could be lysed in a lectin-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The xenogeneic targets also failed to block LAK cell-killing of the EqT8888 cells in a cold-target competition assay. These results indicate that LAK cells in the horse appear to utilize a species-specific recognition mechanism during target cell lysis.
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PMID:Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells of equine origin: specificity for equine target cells. 160

Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMDP and gallium scintigraphy were evaluated in four patients with a primary sacrococcygeal chordoma. All lesions showed a photon-deficient or cold lesion corresponding to the tumor on bone scintigraphy, with no abnormal accumulation clearly observed on gallium scintigraphy. These findings led the authors to conclude that a midline sacrococcygeal tumor showing reduced uptake or a cold lesion on bone scintigraphy and no increased accumulation on gallium scintigraphy could be a chordoma rather than the malignant neoplasm suspected in this region.
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PMID:Bone and gallium scintigraphy in sacral chordoma. Report of four cases. 161 92

Our knowledge of normal growth regulatory mechanisms, and of the disordered growth that occurs during tumorigenesis, has greatly increased during the past decade. In particular, these studies have emphasized the importance of chromosomal alterations, genetic heterogeneity, and cell proliferation in tumorigenesis and metastasis. As a result, the early diagnosis and treatment of malignancy appear to be even more important than previously recognized. Clinical studies of tumor proliferative activity were first conducted by thymidine-labeling techniques and more recently by flow cytometric analysis of DNA content. This information appears to provide important information that directly relates to tumor behavior and is of great prognostic significance in many tumors. In contrast, total nuclear DNA content, as measured by flow cytometry or image analysis, appears to be an "epi-phenomenon," and its clinical significance varies in different tumors. The potential clinical value of this research is enormous, because a rapid, accurate nonradioisotopic flow cytometric determination of tumor kinetic parameters, simultaneously with DNA content and surface antigen expression, would provide information of great importance for determining patient prognosis and making therapeutic decisions. Under these circumstances, analysis of DNA content and proliferative activity should be applied cautiously to patient care. Stringent quality control should be exercised, and the potential significance and limitations of these data should be clearly provided to the requesting physician. Most importantly, additional research during the next few years will provide answers to the many questions that remain about the appropriate clinical role of this information. As Stanbridge and Nowell stated at the conclusion of a recent Cold Spring Harbor meeting on the Origins of Human Cancer, "We have come a long way. . . and we have a very long way to go."
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PMID:Cellular proliferation markers in the evaluation of human cancer. 161 17


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