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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period between 1948-1963 a total of 3,200 tumor patients were treated in the First and Second Medical Clinics of Tg.-Mures. In these tumor patients as well as the skin cancer patients who were treated with radiotherapy the authors found in 1.5% of the patients a leukocytosis of more than 20,000. In the last ten years (1964-1974), however, in the Second Medical Clinic only, 5% of 516 tumor patients showed a leukocytosis exceeding 20,000. In the first group of patients (3,200 cases) 0.03% showed more than 50,000 leukocytes, in the other group of 516 patients 0.2% showed more than 50,000 leukocytes. These values point towards a leukemoid reaction. A shift to the left to the myelocytes or beyond in the blood picture was found in the Second Medical Clinic in 10% of patients with carcinoma during the year of 1974. In 6% of the cases erythroblasts in the peripheral blood were seen, too. This deviation occurred often independent of the total number of leukocytes and was of a temporary nature. During the same time (1949-1974) 128 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were treated in both departments as in-patients. 6 cases (i.e., 4.6%) had a chronic myelosis simultaneous with carcinoma, in one case together with an osteosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by autopsy.
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PMID:[Association of chronic myelosis and cancer]. 106 57

The immunobiology of skin cancer was studied with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) levels (an in vitro measure of cellular immunity), with lymphocytic infiltration (LI) of the tumor (an in vivo measure of host-tumor relationship), and with HL-A typing (a genetic measure of histocompatibility). The T cell levels in preoperative patients with squamous (SCC) and basal (BCC) cell carcinoma were significantly lower than in the non-cancer control population (normals). The T cell levels were significantly lower in patients with large tumors than in those with small tumors. The T cell levels remained significantly low in patients cured of large tumors, but were normal in those cured of small tumors. Patients with Bowen's disease not only had T cell levels significantly lower than normal (as a group), but there was also a significant increase in the number of patients who had T cell levels less than two standard deviations below the normal mean. This may signify that they have a greater risk of developing a second kind of malignancy elsewhere. There was a direct correlation between the degree of lymphocytic infiltration (LI) of the tumor, the tumor size, and the T cell level. Small, well-localized tumors had a marked LI and high T cell levels--while the large, deeply invasive tumors had a minimal, or absent, LI and low T cell levels. The presence of HL-A antigens 1 and 8 correlated both with a tendency toward large tumors and with low T cell levels. This may represent the association of a human immune response gene with the human histocompatibility locus. Possibilities for the application of these findings in the clinical management of skin cancer are discussed.
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PMID:The immunobiology of skin cancer. 107 93

Skin cancer is rare in black patients. The clinical course and pathology of 58 cases are presented and reviewed. These include 38 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 malignant melanomas, and 7 basal cell carcinomas. Sixty-one percent of the squamous cell carcinomas developed in unexposed areas, with sunlight exposure apparently not being an important etiologic factor. Forty-one percent of the squamous cell carcinomas had predisposing factors such as burn scars or chronic infection. Squamous cell carcinoma in black patients is an aggressive disease, with 29% developing regional lymph node metastasis, and a mortality of 29%. Malignant melanomas occurred most frequently on the plantar surface of the foot (76%). Melanoma is also a virulent tumor in black patients, with 11 of 13 patients developing lymph node metastasis and only 2 patients surviving. Skin cancer in black patients presents a very different clinical picture than that seen in white patients. It is important that these factors be considered when planning therapy.
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PMID:Skin cancer in black patients. 111 31

Second primary cancers found among whites and blacks with initial cancer of the digestive organs were reported based on data from the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry. Observed second primary cancers were compared to expected numbers to obtain a direct estimate of risk. Both white and black men had about a twofold risk of developing a second cancer. For white men, the excess was limited to a subsequent skin cancer, but this finding was probably an artifact of reporting and lacked biologic significance. Among women, both white and black, large excesses of invasive cancer of the cervix and ovary were found after an initial cancer of the large intestine and anorectum was discovered. No excess of breast cancer was found.
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PMID:Multiple primary neoplasms in blacks compared to whites. IV. Further cancers in patients with cancer of the digestive organs. 111 19

A range of acute studies were performed with chloromethyl methyl either (CMME) and bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME), including 14-day LC50's following single seven-hour inhalation exposures. The LC50's for CMME were 55 ppm for rats and 65 ppm for hamsters. The LC50's for BCME were 7 ppm for both species. All animals showed characteristic changes of acute irritation of the respiratory tract manifested by congestion, edema, and hemorrhage. Severe shortening of life span was seen in 30-day exposures of rats to CMME and in all studies with BCME. Incidences of mucosal changes, including atypia, were generally increased in a dose-related manner in both species. The carcinogenicity of BCME in these range finding experiments was demonstrated by a skin cancer in a rat after three exposures and a nasal tumor in a hamster after one exposure to 1 ppm BCME.
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PMID:Inhalation carcinogenicity of alpha halo ethers. I. The acute inhalation toxicity of chloromethyl methyl ether and bis(chloromethyl)ether. 111 29

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare recessive disease with sun sensitivity, increased freckling and defective DNA repair. Xeroderma pigmentosum patients have more than a 1000-fold increased risk of developing skin cancer including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. We studied chemoprevention of new skin cancers with oral retinoids in xeroderma pigmentosum patients who had multiple skin cancers. Xeroderma pigmentosum patients were cleared of all pre-existing tumors surgically and then treated with high dose (2 mg/kg/day) oral isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid, Accutane) for two years and then for one year off treatment. Patients were examined at regular intervals for new tumor formation and for side effects. Five xeroderma pigmentosum patients had a total of 121 basal or squamous cell carcinomas in 2 years before treatment and only 25 tumors during 2 years of treatment. The tumor frequency increased 8.5-fold after the drug was discontinued (New Engl J Med 318: 1633-1637, 1988). Toxicity (cutaneous, triglyceride, liver-function or skeletal abnormalities) prompted subsequent use of a low dose protocol. Patients were treated initially with 0.5 mg/kg/day oral isotretinoin and the dose was increased sequentially to 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg/day. We found that toxicity was less with the lower doses. The lowest effective, least toxic dose varied among the xeroderma pigmentosum patients.
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PMID:Chemoprevention of skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum. 129 59

We have examined the expression of 2 type IV collagen degrading enzymes (Mr 72,000 and 92,000 type IV collagenases) in human skin cancer by in situ hybridization. In all cases of infiltrating carcinomas of squamous cell (9 of 9) and basal cell (5 of 5) types, messenger RNA for the Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase was present in numerous fibroblasts. These were especially abundant in the stroma adjacent to the invasive tumor nodules. Malignant cells were negative for mRNA for the Mr 72,000 enzyme in all cases as were all other epithelial as well as endothelial cells. mRNA for the Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase was present in all 9 squamous cell and in 3 of the 5 basal cell carcinomas. In all these cases, a subpopulation of tissue macrophages was found to be positive, while malignant cells showed a signal for Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase in 6 of the squamous cell carcinomas but in none of the basal cell carcinomas. In all cases, the signal for this mRNA was confined to cells located at the tumoral/stromal interface or in the close vicinity of tumor nodules. No mRNA for any of the 2 collagenases was detected in 3 biopsies of normal skin. In vitro studies have indicated that collagenases are involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix during cancer invasion. The present findings are consistent with such a role of the Mr 72,000 and 92,000 type IV collagenases in squamous and basal cell carcinomas in situ. The findings also demonstrate that degradative enzymes are not necessarily produced by the malignant cells themselves but may be generated by induction or recruitment of nonmalignant stromal cells.
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PMID:Localization of messenger RNA for Mr 72,000 and 92,000 type IV collagenases in human skin cancers by in situ hybridization. 131 Jun 43

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) known as the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is associated with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Only 17 cases of SIADH have been reported in the literature in association with cancer isolated to the head and neck. A retrospective review of 1,436 patients with head and neck malignancy excluding skin cancer through The University of Iowa Tumor Registry revealed 60 patients with the diagnosis of either SIADH or hyposmolality. A chart review for each of these patients was then done to establish the diagnosis of SIADH through relevant laboratory values and by excluding other causes of hyposmolality and hyponatremia. In 43 of these patients (3%), SIADH was found to be associated only with the cancer of the head and neck. We conclude that the incidence of SIADH in patients with cancer of the head and neck is much higher than previously recognized. As elevated serum AVP levels may not be clinically apparent unless associated with excessive water ingestation, it is possible that an even higher percentage of patients may have increased serum AVP levels.
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PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin in patients with cancer of the head and neck. 133 68

Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy and UVB phototherapy are frequently used in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases. Both treatments are thought to be carcinogenic, but little is known about their interaction in the induction of skin cancer. Tumors induced in mice treated with both PUVA and UVB, either given sequentially or concurrently, seemed to be more antigenic as a group than tumors treated by PUVA alone, as determined by their lower frequency of growth when transplanted into naive mice. In this study, we treated C3H mice with a subcarcinogenic dose of UVB radiation for 4 weeks, followed by PUVA treatment for 41 weeks (sequential experiment) or with both UVB radiation (minimal carcinogenic dose) and PUVA for 41 weeks (concurrent experiment) and monitored the development of skin cancers. Although a few tumors appeared earlier in the groups treated with both UVB and PUVA in both experiments, no significant differences were observed in the rate of tumor development in mice treated with UVB and PUVA versus those treated with PUVA alone.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of combined ultraviolet B radiation and psoralen plus ultraviolet A irradiation treatment of mice. 134 88

In Italy there are eight tumor Population-Based Registries (PBRs) that publish incidence data, and only one of them (Ragusa) provides data for Southern Italy. Usually, PBRs are based on data collection from Pathologists and medical records. Our integrated system differentiates from traditional PBRs because the information comes from the General Practitioners (GPs) and is completed with the diagnosis provided by the Pathologists (Ps). During two years we have registered 1,057 new cancers on a middle period population of 212,644. GPs and Ps signed 395 and 879 incident cases, respectively. GPs alone provided 16.8%, Ps alone 62.6%, and either source 20.6% of total cases. After excluding non melanotic skin cancers and bladder carcinoma, the GPs-Ps integrated system counted 828 new cases in two years. These incidence data are the first in our region (Puglia). The 178 cases signed by GPs alone should have been lost if the informations of our PBR had been based only on local Ps' records. Moreover, 94 of GPs cases (11% of total cancers registered) were subjects who moved outside the area for diagnosis and treatment. Even if this article evaluates the effect of under-registration attributable to Ps or GPs, the cancer incidence data and the active involvement of GPs indicate that they could be usefully involved in the registration of cancer data.
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PMID:[Development of an integrated system of family medicine--pathologic anatomy service to start epidemiologic studies on tumors occurring in an area of southern Italy. First results]. 134 10


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