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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumors in 23 patients who presented with a low grade, non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were studied for blood group antigens A, B or O on the cell surface. Of 14 patients without cell surface antigens initially 13 suffered an invasive tumor subsequently and 1 had diffuse carcinoma in situ. Of 9 patients with cell surface antigens initially 8 did not have an invasive recurrence during a 5 or more-year followup and 1 did. The presence or absence of blood group cell surface antigen on a low grade, non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder would seem to have value in predicting future recurrence with muscle invasion.
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PMID:The prognostic value of cell surface antigens in low grade, non-invasive, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 48 Apr 85

A study of the supplementary value of an endocervical swab smear in addition to cervical scraping in the cytological diagnosis of cervical neoplasias is presented. The two sampling techniques were applied to a population with a high prevalence of neoplastic cervical disease. The endocervical swab smear was a useful adjunct in the detection of mild and moderate dysplasia, and a combination of the two sampling methods decreased the false negative rate in the diagnosis of intraepithelial, as well as invasive neoplasia. In the sphere of specific cytological diagnosis cervical scraping was found to be the more accurate method for diagnosing severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, while endocervical swab smears were more useful in diagnosing mild and moderate dysplasia. Differences between the results obtained in our study and comparable studies are discussed. It is concluded that the endocervical swab smear is a valuable adjunct to cervical scraping in the diagnosis of malignant cervical disease. It should not, however, be used as the only sampling method as it produces a higher proportion of unsatisfactory smears, and also because the severity of the epithelial lesion is more likely to be underestimated.
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PMID:Evaluation of smears obtained by cervical scraping and an endocervical swab in the diagnosis of neoplastic disease of the uterine cervix. 48 18

To determine the true prevalence of vaginal epithelial changes in DES-exposed offspring, the National Cancer Institute funded the DESAD Project, a study designed to follow up these women for 4 years and to determine the prevalence of cancer and various other abnormalities in DES-exposed women. 3339 women have constituted the project study cohort as of 12/31/76. Each woman in the DESAD Project undergoes breast, pelvic and colposcopic examinations, as well as vaginal and cervical cytology. Details of her gynecologic, sexual, and reproductive history are also obtained. 34% of the record review participants had vaginal epithelial changes (this rate is much lower than previously reported); no clear cell adenocarcinoma nor severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of either the vagina or cervix had been found in any of the women participants. A multivariate analysis of various factors of participant history and examination findings indicate that timing of onset of exposure to DES; total dosage of DES; duration of DES exposure; and age at initial examination correlated with vaginal epitheliel changes. Vaginal epithelial changes were also found to occur less frequently after 26 years of age. Maternal history (indication for use of DES); maternal age; and exposure to other hormones did not correlate with vaginal epithelial changes. The DESAD Project is currently investigating the changes in vaginal epithelium over time, and is also examining women for any evidence of neoplasia of the lower reproductive tract.
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PMID:Vaginal epithelial changes associated with in utero DES exposure. 52 34

The results of mapping of the urinary bladder are reported and discussed. It has been shown that Brunn's nests, cystitis cystica, and the vaginal type of squamous metaplasia are commonly found in normal bladders and thus cannot be considered as precancerous lesions. Mapping of cancerous bladders and related histologic and clinical observations strongly suggests that there are two distinct pathways in bladder neoplasia: the papillary pathway and the nonpapillary pathway. Papillary tumors with thin stalks must be considered as a focal expression of the proliferative potential of the urothelium. They are per se quite harmless but may be followed by other manifestations of neoplasia. Broad based papillary tumors, regardless of grade, may have "pushy borders," which extend into the lamina propria but rarely invade the muscularis. Nonpapillary flat lesions, notably atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ, appear to be the principal source of invasive and metastasizing bladder cancer. The presence of the flat lesions puts the patient at high risk for the development of invasive carcinoma. Methods of assessment of the cancerous bladder are suggested and discussed.
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PMID:Mapping of the urinary bladder: its impact on the concepts of bladder cancer. 52 59

The proportion of patients with cervical carcinoma in situ exhibiting a very low number of tumor cells in cytologic samples from the female reproductive tract was assessed with a model based on a multivariate beta distribution. The results of the study indicate that it is highly unlikely that a case of carcinoma in situ will be missed when 50,000 cells are screened in a given sample. However, the study also shows the importance of sampling methodology in the design of screening systems for cervical cancer and the crucial role that the coefficient of variation between patients assumes.
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PMID:Estimation of proportion of the patients with a very low number of tumor cells from carcinoma in situ in the cervical smear. 54 75

Carcinoma in situ of the urethral margin was demonstrated in 12 men who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Six of the 7 patients who underwent simultaneous urethrectomy are free of the tumor but 4 of the 5 who did not undergo urethrectomy died of the disease. This dismal survival rate for patients with carcinoma in situ in the retained urethra indicates the necessity for clear-cut guide lines for the performance of urethrectomy. Frozen section of the urethral margin, as well as of both distal ureters, should be obtained at the time of operation, and urethrectomy, either simultaneous or during the same hospitalization, should be considered strongly for those with carcinoma in situ of the bladder neck or of the urethra.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ of the urethra associated with bladder carcinoma: the role of urethrectomy. 62 21

Previously diagnosed tumor specimens from 35- to 74-year-old female patients with endometrial cancer who were residents of King County, Washington, during the first 6 months of 1975 were reviewed by a single pathologist using uniform criteria for the assessment of cancer. Routinely reported incidence of this tumor in this population was judged to be inflated, the annual incidence rate (excluding carcinoma in situ) falling from 108.2 to 88.5 per 100,000 women after the exclusion of cases found not to be unequivocally malignant. This rate nonetheless represented a large increase over the rate of 47.3 per 100,000 observed in the U.S. Third National Cancer Survey just 5 years earlier. We concluded that U.S. pathologists in the 1970's may have been using more liberal criteria by which to diagnose endometrial cancer, but that such a change could only account for a small part of the rising incidence of the disease.
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PMID:Incidence of endometrial carcinoma in King County, Washington: a standardized histologic review. 64 39

Experiments were conducted to study the tumor response of hamster tracheas to N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Tracheas were exposed repeatedly with the use of a tracheal catheter. Ten to 30 exposures were given over a period of 5 to 20 weeks. The carcinoma incidence (including carcinoma in situ) was 0,42, 67, 88, and 94% for 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 twice-weekly exposures, respectively. With 10 exposures 2 of 12 hamsters developed benign tracheal tumors. Mean tumor induction time decreased when frequency of exposure was increased from 50 weeks with 10 to 15 exposures to 28 weeks with 25 to 30 exposures. The major histological types of invasive carcinomas observed were epidermoid carcinomas (54%), anaplastic large-cell and small-cell carcinomas (26%), adenocarcinomas (13%), and combined epidermoid-adenocarcinomas (7%). Sacrifice studies revealed that with 10 to 20 twice-weekly exposures only metaplastic lesions with varying degrees of cellular atypia are present at the time of the last exposure. Neoplastic lesions develop during the subsequent exposure-free interval. The data suggest that this tracheal tumor induction system may be well suited for studying problems related to development and progression of neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Tumor induction in the trachea of hamsters with N-nitroso-N-methylurea. 64 78

The records of 100 recent urology service patients with bladder neoplasms were evaluated for correlation of cytological findings with clinical and histological diagnoses. At the time of diagnosis 83 patients had synchronous positive biopsies and cytologies, 3 had negative cytologies (even though urothelial cancer was present) and the remaining 14 had abnormal cytologies but clinical examination was negative. Of these 14 patients invasive cancer has been identified subsequently in 11, while 3 have not yet returned for clinical followup. Analysis of the 11 patients in whom cancer was proved eventually reveals 14 distinct periods, ranging from 1 to 37 months, in which cytologies were abnormal and concurrent clinical examinations and histological diagnoses were negative. Ten of these periods preceded tumor recurrence and the other 4 antedated the first occurrence of cancer. A relationship was found between a cytological diagnosis of carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia and the presence or future appearance of low grade clinical cancer. Cytologies containing overtly malignant cells more commonly were associated with or preceded the appearance of high grade cancers. In these 11 patients the sensitivity of a single spontaneously voided urine specimen was 97 per cent but the sensitivity was 100 per cent when 2 or more specimens were submitted per patient. Bladder barbotages were 100 per cent sensitive.
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PMID:Pre-clinical cytological diagnosis of bladder cancer. 67 5

The remaining tissue of the tracheobronchial tree from 210 men who died from lung cancer was studied to compare the histologic alterations leading to further sites of primary cancer. These men were uranium miners matched with nonminers for age and smoking habits. In the examination of a total of 28,928 cross-sections carcinoma in situ was found in 96% of the miners and in 92% of the nonminers. The number of slides from miners showing degree 2 or 3 atypia in areas of carcinoma in situ was about double the number found from the nonminers. Although the difference was not statistically significant, 32% of the miners had at least one section showing early primary invasive carcinoma compared with 22% of the nonminers. The data indicate that the synergistic effect of the exposure to uranium dust along with cigarette smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and that in addition to a main tumor mass, other sites of tissue alterations leading to tumor development are frequently already present in the lung.
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PMID:Histologic findings in the tracheobronchial tree of uranium miners and non-miners with lung cancer. 67 50


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