Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A young man with a palpable ectopic testis underwent right testis biopsy and orchiopexy. Since histological findings of the biopsy specimen revealed an unsuspected intratubular carcinoma in situ and evidence of diminished spermatogenic potential, an inguinal orchiectomy was done. This appears to be the first reported case of a tumor of this type developing in an undescended testis.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ of the ectopic testis. 1 42

Combinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), pregnancy-associated macroglobulin (PAM) and placenta-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were studied in groups of patients with ovarian and cervical cancer. In ovarian cancer, only CEA and PLAP levels appeared to reflect tumor burden and were complementary in detecting active disease. In cervical cancer, CEA and GGT reflected tumor burden, while PLAP showed just the reverse--the highest degree of positivity being present in minimal disease. PLAP positivity was even more pronounced in patients with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ while CEA and GGT were negative. The data indicate that the use of marker combinations can improve our capacity to detect minimal disease and provide information regarding tumor biology that may not be available by studying individual markers or by other means. It remains to be determined whether the use of tumor markers can influence existing therapy sufficiently to alter the outcome in cancers which are notoriously difficult to treat.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and other tumor markers in ovarian and cervical cancer. 3 May 36

Tissue sections from normal uterine cervix and from uterine cervices with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cancer were studied in 70 instances using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques for demonstrating the presence of isoantigens A and B. Isoantigens were demonstrated in normal squamous epithelium. Antigens were lost in foci of invasive cancer, were considerably reduced or lost in areas of classic carcinoma in situ in all cases, and were reduced in most cases of dysplasia. These observations confirm those obtained with the specific red cell adherence test. The results suggest that immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques are sensitive, reproducible, easily performed methods for demonstrating the loss of isoantigens in cervical neoplasia.
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PMID:Isoantigen loss in cervical neoplasia. Demonstration by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. 5 65

A therapeutic concept based on tumor staging and grading is presented: T0N0M0 - urine cytology positive - cystoscopy every 3 months. Transitional cell carcinoma (90%): T(iS)N0M0 - carcinoma in situ - cystoscopic biopsy every 3 months. Cystectomy with commencing tumor infiltration. T1N0M0 (80% of all bladder tumors): T1N0M0G0 - TUR; cystoscopy every 3 months. T1N0M0G1-3 - TUR; control-TUR 6 weeks later with systematic biopsy. G3 with tumor recurrence - cystectomy. T2N0/N1M0; G1-2 - TUR; local chemotherapy (adriamycin). G3 - cystectomy; high voltage treatment in inoperable patients. T4NxMx - symptomatic-palliative therapy: TUR, urinary diversion. Squamous cell carcinoma (2-5%): as transitional cell carcinoma; with high voltage therapy adjuvant chemotherapy using bleomycine. Adenocarcinoma (2-3%): as transitional cell carcinoma; cystectomy including part of the anterior abdominal wall and umbilicus. Immunostaging (assessment of the immunocompetence) should be part of the diagnostic procedures and follow-up examination.
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PMID:[Bladder carcinoma: therapeutic concept of the Urology Department of the University Hospital, Mainz]. 6 53

A double-blind pilot study of 130 female patients was carried out to determine the feasibility and significance of the EM test in the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the female genital organs and breast. Early stages of cervical carcinoma (carcinoma in situ) as well as fibroid adenoma, mastopathy and breast tumors were tested and compared with the results of their manifest forms. Positive results were recorded in 87.5% of the cases of middle-grade to severe epithelial dysplasia (Papanicolaou III and IV) (n = 10) and in 90% of the cases of carcinoma in situ (n = 16). A positive result in 90% of the cases of carcinoma in situ (n = 16). A positive result in 90% of the cases of genital carcinoma was also recorded. In the case of fibroid adenoma (n = 10) and breast tumor (Prechtel I and II) (n = 16), negative results were recorded in 80.8%, whereas in the manifest forms of carcinoma of the breast a positive result of over 95% was shown. As a result of this pilot study, it can be seen that immunological in vitro screening has clinical significance in the early diagnosis of tumors as well as for confirmation of their manifest forms.
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PMID:[Electrophoretic mobility test in the early diagnosis of malignant tumors; findings in the prestages of cervical and breast cancers]. 9 55

This report considers the potential usefulness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) determinations in diagnosis and in prognosis for therapy of patients with carcinoma of the lung but without clinical Cushing's syndrome. The report is based on radioimmunoassay data from 129 patients, including 62 with lung cancers and 67 with nonmalignant pulmonary conditions. Elevated plasma ACTH was found in 21 of 24 patients with untreated cancer and the hormone was detected in tumor extracts and/or bronchial washings from the remaining 3. Elevation of plasma ACTH was found in only 10 of 38 treated patients. Absence of clinical Cushing's syndrome in spite of high plasma ACTH concentrations is explained by the observation that the predominant form of ectopic ACTH in plasma is immunoreactive but nonbioactive 'big' ACTH. Prolonged survival, for longer than 19 months, was observed in only 5 patients: all patients with low plasma ACTH after resection of the lung tumor and 2 of 3 patients with low plasma ACTH without therapy. ACTH was found in all available malignant tissue, primary and metastatic, from the lung carcinoma group,but not in normal lung or in 5 tumors metastatic to the lung. Of the 39 patients diagnosed initially to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14 showed plasma ACTH elevation. However, 3 of these patients with the highest concentrations subsequently manifested carcinoma or carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Ectopic production of big ACTH in carcinoma of the lung. Its clinical usefulness as a biologic marker. 16 43

A study for multiple primary cancer in the female mammary gland was performed. In 145 cases of mammary cancer, blocks for histological analysis were taken in a special system following routine examination of the specimen. Three sagital sections each of one inch width were taken from the outer, medium and inner region and from each of these 6 small blocks were cut. By this constant pattern of histological screening, 9 cases out of 145 were found showing multiple primary cancers. Among these Carcinoma solidum scirrhosum was the most frequent tumor type. This percentage of 6.2 is considerably lower than that given in the pertinent literature. Residual cancer following biopsy was found in 81% of the 145 cases, although extensive excision had been tried by the first operation. The entity of atypical epithelial hyperplasia which has to be differentiated from Carcinoma in situ was observed in 40.5% including ductal and ductular system.
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PMID:[Multicentric carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia of the mammary gland (author's transl)]. 17 43

Pancreas rudiments from 13-day rat embryos were cultured in the presence of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for up to 10 weeks. Pancreas morphogenesis and differentiation occurred during the first week of culture. Acinar cell degeneration and necrosis began on the fifth day of culture and resulted in almost complete loss of acinar cells, islet cells, and fibroblasts by the end of the third week. This was associated with proliferation of cells without zymogen granules (centroacinar, ductal, or undifferentiated?). Theses cells formed glandular structures which extended to the surface of the explant. By the end of the fourth week, explants resembled ductal hyperplasia with foci of carcinoma in situ. The distribution pattern of neoplasia in 343 explants examined after 10 weeks of DMN treatment was as follows: 79% resembled ductal cell carcinoma; 9%, ductal hyperplasia; and 3%, acinar cell carcinoma. Nude mice injected with cell suspensions prepared from 10-week-old culture developed subcutaneous nodules. These nodules resembled duct cell carcinoma with desmoplastic reaction.
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PMID:An in vitro model of pancreatic carcinoma. Morphology and in vivo growth. 18 6

All Caucasian women in a large Eastern city who developed pathologically confirmed cervical cancer between 1950 and 1969 are being prospectively followed in an epidemiological test of the venereal hypothesis of cervical carcinogenesis. We are attempting to identify all men who were married to these probands at any time prior to the date of their cancer diagnosis. The ultimate objective is the identification of all the other wives of the proband husbands in order that their risk of cervical cancer be assessed. A random sample of control wives similar to the other wives in age, race, date and place of marriage as well as prior marital status is also being followed. To date, a total of 1,087 other wives and 659 control wives has been fully traced. Cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ was detected in 29 (2.7%) of the other wives and in seven (1.1%) of the control wives. A total of 14.0% of the other wives had either cervical cancer or a cervical cytological specimen which was other than normal. The corresponding statistic for the control wives was 8.0%. These differences in the prevalence of cervical cancer and of non-normal cervical cytology are statistically significant. In the course of this investigation so far, we have identified 29 "marital clusters" of cervical cancer in which two women married to the same man have all developed cervical neoplasms. The observed number of 29 clusters may be compared with an expected number of 11.6. This investigation, as yet incomplete, offers confirmatory evidence of the possible role of venereal factors in the pathogenesis of human cervical neoplasia. While the genital herpesvirus is the likeliest candidate, other venereal elements might also be involved.
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PMID:Venereal factors in human cervical cancer: evidence from marital clusters. 19 39

Since 1956, we have used cytology and colposcopy routinely as complementary methods and the percentage of positive results has brought us much closer to the ideal 100 per cent. In order to achieve this, it is essential to put to good use the experience acquired by cytologists and colposcopists and to constantly update and improve the technique employed. The population must be made aware of the benefits of the simultaneous use of these detection methods through health education. The possibilities of diagnostic prediction of cytology are already well known. By means of colposcopy, we may classify the findings as follows: 1) normal, 2) with benign pathology, 3) suspicious, requiring additional frequent control, 4) highly suspicious of neoplasm, 5) malignant. Using the combined methodology, we were able to detect the flaws in use of both methods separately. Considering the carcinoma in situ and microcarcinoma, the results amounted to 16.6 per cent of cytologic false negatives and 12.9 per cent of colposcopic false negatives, whereas applying both methods simultaneously, we obtained only 2.7 per cent of false negatives. As we mentioned previously, this percentage of error may be attributable to technical faults, associated pathology and/or anatomic-histologic localization. We emphasize our reference to the simplicity of our method, making it possible to dispense with exaggerated human and material requirements and, at the same time, obtain highly successful results.
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PMID:The importance of complementary cytology and colposcopy in a detection program. 26 37


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