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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential value of indium-labelled bleomycin as a diagnostic scanning agent has been investigated in patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms involving the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. Sixty-five patients were scanned on 72 occasions, the optimum time to perform the examination being 72 hours after the intravenous injection of 2 mCi 111-In chelated to 2 mg bleomycin. Tumour uptake was visualized in 53 out of 62 scans in which tumour was present, but the extent of tumour was underestimated in seven cases, and over-estimated in five others. The latter were mostly due to uptake in infective lesions. These results indicate that the situations in which indium bleomycin is most likely to provide clinically relevant information are the distinction between recurrent tumour and post-radiotherapy changes in the thorax and pelvis, the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma within the pelvis, and the distinction between bony metastases from carcinoma of the prostate and Paget's disease. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess these situations.
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PMID:111-In-labelled bleomycin; clinical experience as a diagnostic agent in tumours of the thorax and abdomen. 4 96

Morphologic, tissue culture, immunologic, and biochemical methods have been used in an attempt to detect and characterize oncogenic viruses or their subviral components in cells derived from human prostatic carcinoma (PrCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Electron microscopy was used to characterize the ultrastructural features of normal and neoplastic prostatic tissue. Examination of specimens of prostatic tissue from 34 patients with PrCa, ten patients with BPH, and three patients with bladder tumor (BT) revealed the presence of particles resembling type-C virus in three cases of PrCa and structures resembling budding type-C virus particles in one case of BPH. Fifty human prostatic tissue specimens have been set in tissue culture, of which 30 have been successfully grown for varying periods of time. Of 20 currently active cultures, nine consist primarily of epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence and mixed hemadsorption tests of cells derived from benign and malignant prostatic tissue and sera derived from patients with PrCa, BPH, BT, and other types of tumors, and from normal donors revealed that sera from patients with PrCa, BPH, or BT contain antibodies to antigens in cells derived from PrCa, BPH, or BT. The nature of these antigen-antibody reactions is under study. Initial biochemical studies have not detected reverse transcriptase in the tissue culture fluid from a small number of sparsely growing PrCa cultures nor specific gene sequences homologous to murine leukemia virus-Rauscher genomic RNA in preparations of either normal or malignant prostatic cell DNA. The results of these preliminary studies have demonstrated the applicability of the techniques employed to the study of the relationship of viruses to human PrCa and have provided a number of promising leads for further investigation.
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PMID:Virologic and immunologic studies of human prostatic carcinoma. 4 14

SV-40-transformed hamster prostatic tissue has been previously evaluated as a model for human prostatic carcinoma. Because the original cell line was lost, Syrian golden hamster prostatic tissue has been established in explant culture and infected with a 10-6-cell tissue culture infectious dose (50 percent effective) of SV40. After in vitro transformation, the cells were produced in quantity and 60 times 10-6 cells were injected into adult male Syrian golden hamsters 24 hours after 400 rads of whole-body radiation. After 60-90 days, a small palpable tumor developed. These tumors could be serially transplanted in adult male animals without immunosuppression. The tumor cells were established in tissue culture and the cells were returned to adult animals without immunosuppression where they rapidly produced fast-growing tumors. The solid tumors were composed of sheets of pleomorphic polygonal cells with large nuclei and many nucleoli; they resembled undifferentiated human prostatic carcinoma. In vitro, the cultures contained small, rapidly growing cells with a population doubling time of about 1.3 days. The cells carried the SV 40-specific antigen. The modal chromosome number was 66-68 with a distribution of 47-120. Cells exposed to 2-bromo-5'-deoxyuridine in culture did not release particles with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Endocrine sensitivity in vivo and in vitro is undertermined to date.
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PMID:Properties of prostatic cultures transformed by SV40. 4 16

On the Ehrlich-ascites tumor and on the solide Ehrlich carcinoma of the mouse, bleomycin causes a large fixation in the (G2+M)-phase of the cell cycle of the tumor cells. Even in certain human solide tumors, after the application of bleomycin in a predetermined period an increase of the G2 portion of the proliferating cells can be observed. By individual control which can be peraformed rapidly and with high accuracy by impulse cytophotometry, this partial synchronisation effect can be used for radiotherapy.
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PMID:[First clinical results of radiotherapy following partial synchronization by bleomycin]. 4 93

A three-stage study of 177 patients in Puerto Rico who had esophageal carcinoma is presented. Those surviving five or more years over a twenty-one-year period were located. Next, the experience at the San Juan City Hospital from 1968 to 1973 was examined. The information obtained from those two groups led to the last stage, a prospective study in which treatment was based on objective staging of the extent of the disease. Only 27% of these patients are really potentially curable upon admission to the hospital, and they should have aggressive therapy. Adequate palliation can be obtained with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the remainder. The findings that nearly half of the five-year survivors had metastases or tumor extension and that some patients survived for prolonged periods without treatment emphasize the need for individualized treatment and research in tumor immunology.
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PMID:Esophageal carcinoma. The value of staging in long-term survival. 4 79

A review of 227 cases of hepatoblastoma, hepatic cell carcinoma in children seen in the United States over a 10-yr period is presented. Both tumors were seen most commonly in infancy, but the hepatocellular carcinoma shows a second peak of incidence around puberty. Males predominated in both diseases more so in hepatoblastoma. Presenting symptoms in both diseases were very similar, most commonly an upper abdominal mass or abdominal enlargement associated with anorexia and weight loss. In the preoperative evaluation the presence of alpha-feto protein was one of the most helpful diagnostic tests. Disturbances of liver function were usually mild but were more marked in those children with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative x-rays were abnormal in a large percentage of cases with the hepatic arteriogram and vena cavagram being the most useful diagnostic x-rays for liver tumors. Liver scans were positive for liver tumor in 95% of the children when this test was carried out. The follow-up for these patients ranged from 2 to 10 yr. The size of the primary tumor did not appear to correlate with survival but bilateral location of the tumor, 33% in hepatoblastoma and 45% in hepatocellular carcinoma, made many of these tumors inoperable. Multicentric tumors were also found in a large number of patients, being more common in hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a high rate of local recurrence or local extension after operation in both diseases, and metastatic spread was similar being most common to the lungs and abdomen. A wide variety of surgical procedures were carried out in these patients from biopsy only to extended hepatic lobectomy. When incomplete excision or biopsy only was carried out no patient survived in either group. Among the hepatoblastoma patients, 45 of 78 patients who had complete excision are surviving. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients where the operability rate was much lower 12 of 33 patients are surviving when tumor was completely excised. Complications were frequent, the most common being excessive blood loss at operation. There were eight operative deaths and 17 postoperative deaths in the combined group. There was no evidence that radiation therapy or chemotherapy controlled disease which could not be completely excised surgically. The only direct evidence of a favorable effect of radiation and chemotherapy were three cases of hepatoblastoma in which the tumor changed from inoperable to operable by a combination of radiation therapy and multiple drug chemotherapy. Both tumors are highly malignant, and 90% of the children who died of hepatoblastoma died within 12 mo of diagnosis. In the hepatocellular carcinoma 80% of the deaths occurred within 1 yr of diagnosis. At this time it seems that operative excision offers the only chance of cure in children with these tumors and cure rates of 60% can be expected with hepatoblastoma and 33% in hepatocellular carcinoma if the tumor can be completely excised.
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PMID:Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey--1974. 4 16

In vitro, colony inhibition tests using lymphocytes and serum from 42 patients with other carcinomas, and 12 control patients with no carcinoma, were performed using cultured target cells (CALI). Target cell colony counts were significantly diminished by lymphocytes of 2 of 12 (16.7 percent) patients with no cancer, compared with those 26 of 42 (61.9 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. An unexpected finding was significant colony inhibition of lymphocytes of 23 of 27 (85.2 percent) patients tested within 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma compared with significant inhibition in only 3 of 15 (20 percent) patients tested after 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma. Serum blocking factor was found in 9 of 42 (21.4 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. It was found on follow-up that four of these nine (44.4 percent) had later recurrent or new tumors compared to recurrence or new tumor incidence of only 6 of 33 (18.2 percent) patients with no serum blocking factor present in the serum.
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PMID:A search for common tumor specific antigen and serum blocking factor in head and neck epidermoid carcinomas. 4 34

Five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in whom diagnosis was made when the tumor was relatively small, are described. In 2 cases, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) strted to rise sharply, which enabled early detection and surgical removal of the tumor. Serum AFP was below 100 ng per ml, but above the upper normal limit by radioimmunoassay, and was unfluctuating for a considerable period of time before it began to rise in 2 cases. It was negative throughout in 1 case, who lived more than 4 years after the tumor had reached a detectable size. In 4 of 5 cases, the tumor seemed to have evolved during a stage of chronic hepatitis or its transition to cirrhosis. In 1 case with chronic schistosomiasis and advanced mixed macro- and micronodular cirrhosis, a 1.5-cm tumor was detected by celiac angiography. These observations on time relationship of oncogenesis may be generalized to modify the cirrhotic liver. Necessity is emphasized for the early detection of this type of carcinoma to monitor serum AFP in chronic hepatitis patients, particularly in those with unfluctuating, mildly abnormal levels of AFP.
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PMID:Clinical observations during a relatively early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, with special reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. 5 Feb 51

TA3Ha/MSWBS hybrid cells have been derived from the fusion of the TA3Ha ascites carcinoma (H-2a) and the methylcholanthrene-induced MSWBS ascites sarcoma (H-2s). MSWBS expresses a strong tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA), capable of inducing a rejection reaction in the syngeneic A.SW host. The genetic determinants of the H-2 complex are known to be localized on chromosome No. 17. TA3Ha contributes two normal, telocentric chromosomes No. 17 to the hybrid. In contrast, both chromosomes No. 17 of MSWBS are localized on readily identifiable translocations (17/1 and 17/M1 ; see Wiener et al., 1974). We have previously shown that the chromosomes No. 17 of one parental strain, or the other (but not both) can be removed from the hybrid by selective passage in the opposite parental strain. The present paper examined the possibility, often suggested in the literature, that the MC-sarcoma-associated TSTA could be a modified form of H-2. MSWBS, unselected TA3Ha/MSWBS and YACIR/MSWBS hybrids were compared with TA3Ha/MSWBS-derived isoantigen loss variants, with regard to their immunogenicity in the TSTA test, i.e. their ability to induce rejection of MSWBS target cells in ASW mice. Whereas the unselected hybrids were as immunogenic as the parental MSWBS line itself, two strain A compatible and two strain A.SW compatible variants which had lost chromosome No. 17 of the opposite strain showed a residual, but clearly weakened immunogenicity. Since there was no systematic difference between the reciprocal types, it is concluded that the genetic determinant of TSTA is not localized on the chromosome No. 17 but that a proper balance of this chromosome is required for the full expression of immunogenicity in the TSTA system.
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PMID:Are methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma-associated, rejection-inducing (TSTA) antigens, modified forms of H-2 or linked determinants? 5 Feb 91

141 prostatic carcinomas of the clinical stage O (incidental carcinoma) have been analyzed morphologically. The tumors were highly differentiated carcinomas in 41.8% of the cases as compared to only 11.8% in the whole material of 989 carcinomas of all clinical stages in our prostatic carcinoma registry. In 42 cases (29.8%) the tumor involved less than 10% of the surgical material examined and here we find especially the highly differentiated carcinomas. In 22 cases (15.6%) the whole material was completely invaded by carcinomas and here the less differentiated carcinoma types are dominating. In 27 cases (19.2%) the carcinoma has spread to the periprostatic tissue and from here to perivascular and perineural lymphatics. Short-term follow-up was available in 117 cases. In only 17 cases no carcinoma therapy was initiated after the histological diagnosis. The morphological analysis shows that the clinical stage O of prostatic carcinoma includes completely different degrees of differentiation and extension. In planning the course of therapy the morphological findings have to be taken into consideration. The morphological analysis shows that the clinical stage O of prostatic carcinoma includes completely different degrees of differentiation and extension. In planning the course of therapy the morphological findings have to be taken into consideration.
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PMID:[Morphology of the clinical stage O of the prostatic carcinoma (incidental carcinoma) (author's transl)]. 5 Jun 61


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