Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

150-200 g heavy, Walker-carcinoma bearing, male Sprague-Dawley-rats showed rapid, tumour weight dependent, loss of liver glycogen until complete depletion in tumour groups heavier than 40 g/animal. Simultaneously the glycogen mobilization after massive glucagon stimulation, was successivly diminished and finally abolished in different groups with increasing tumor weight. Concomitantly the spontaneous and stimulated activity of liver phosphorylase a was found markedly reduced in advanced tumour cachexia, the extent of stimulation of liver phosphorylase a activity by intracardial injections of epinephrine not being altered. Tumour induced inhibition of glycogen mobilization thus appears to have been excluded. To account for the relative late pronounced hypoglycemia in peripherial rat blood in face of the early loss of liver glycogen, accelerated gluconeogenesis has been postulated. In accord with this spontaneous rise in liver tyrosine amino transferase was found in tumour bearing rats along with a doubled maximal stimulation value after medrol injection as compared to control groups. This behavior could not be shown for liver alanine aminotransferase and liver fructose 1,6-di-phosphatase. The former showed no differences between control and tumour groups neither of spontaneous nor of stimulated activity. The latter showed only a very reluctant rise after massive stimulation by triamcinolone for 3 days in the control groups, the tumour bearing groups showing no deviation from spontaneous control values.
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PMID:[Biochemical investigations of cancer cachexia. II. Depletion of glycogenolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis in Walker carcinoma 256 bearing rats (author's transl)]. 0 45

A patient with papillary--follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, with metastases to the lungs, skeleton, and brain was treated 5 weeks after thyroidectomy with 135 mCi of 131I. Although preliminary studies with 1 mCi had not shown any iodine uptake by the brain metastasis, this lesion showed intense concentration at the time of the larger therapeutic dose. Four days later, acute hemorrhage of the tumor occurred, requiring surgical removal. Although 131I therapy would seem an unlikely cause of acute necrosis and hemorrhage in these lesions, the association of therapeutic radioiodine and hemorrhage is interesting. Since recent reports suggest that brain metastasis may be somewhat more common than previously suspected, we suggest that brain imaging be included in the workup prior to radioiodine therapy of patients with advanced metastatic disease or neurologic symptoms.
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PMID:Sudden hemorrhage in metastatic thyroid carcinoma of the brain during treatment with iodine-131. 0 32

The biochemical properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in a nonmetastasizing and a spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma were compared. The phosphooiesterases in both tumors had a pH optimum of around 8.0 and preferentially hydrolysed cyclic purine nucleotides. The rate of hydrolysis of purine nucleotides in the nonmetastasizing tumor was two times higher than in the metastasizing tumor, but the rate of pyrimidine nucleotide hydrolysis was equal in both tumors. Theophylline, caffeine, and D,L-4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro20-1724) inhibited the enzyme activity in both tumors; the percent inhibition was the same by each inhibitor. The cyclic nucleotie phosphodiesterase activity in either tumor was stimulated by Mg++, Mn++, and Co++ and suppressed by Ca++, Zn,++, and Ni++. EDTA inhibited the activity below the basal level (activity in the absence of added cation), an this inhibition could be recovered up to the basal level by an equimolar quantity of either Mn++ or Mg++. Further stimulation of the enzyme activity with increasing concentrations of divalent cations was observed only with Mn++. Similar effects were observe with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-tn,n-tetraacetic acid. The stimulatory cations affected both the low and high Michaelis constant (tkm) enzymes in these tumors by increasing the maximum velocity. In the low Km enzyme, the Km was also slightly increased. Neither guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate nor adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate had any effect on the hydrolysis of the other at physiologic levels.
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PMID:Biochemical properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing rat mammary carcinomas. 0 60

The activity of intracellular proteinases from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice were compared with that from liver cells of normal mice and rats. The activity of intracellular proteinases was measured in the supernatant of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells homogenate. The activity of intracellular proteinases in normal mouse and normal rat liver were different at pH 3.5, pH 6.0 and pH 7.5. The activity in liver cells from Ehlrich ascites carcinoma bearing mouse at pH 3.5 was not significantly changed from normal mouse or rat liver cells, however at pH 6.0 and pH 7.5 the activity in the affected liver significantly decreased. The proteolytic activity in the supernatant of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell homogenate was 0.110 E750 mmu/mgN at pH 7.5, 0.154 E750 mmu/mgN at pH 3.5. The proteolytic activity at pH 6.0 was not detected in any experiment.
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PMID:Proteolytic activity in liver cells from mouse, rat, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mouse and in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. 1 May 31

Prolactin binding in ovariectomy-responsive and ovariectomy-nonresponsive carcinoma in the Wistar/Furth rat is compared. The time course of binding of prolactin at 4, 24, ad 37 degrees for mammary tumor (MTW9) coimplanted with MtTW10, a mammosomatotropic pituitary tumor (MTW9-MtT) or with MTW9 maintained with daily perphenazine injections (MTW9-P) was measured. Maximum binding to membranes of both tumors occurred at 4 degrees after about 30 hours incubation. The binding was inhibited by polypeptide hormones that possess lactogenic activity. Mammary tumors from animals maintained on perphenazine had a 4-fold greater binding capacity than did tumors from MtT-supported animals. When perphenazine therapy was halted the binding capacity of MTW9-P membranes was unaffected. This result held when MTW9-P animals were ovariectomized. Resection of MtT resulted in tumor regression, a fall to normal of serum prolactin, and a nearly 3-fold increase in prolactin binding. Scatchard plots of prolactin binding data yield an apparent affinity constant, K(a) of 1.2 X 10(9) liters/mole for both tumors.
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PMID:Prolactin binding in ovariectomy-responsive and ovariectomy-nonresponsive rat mammary carcinoma. 1 19

In DA X Wistar F1 rats, growth of 10(4) Wistar-specific Sp 1 carcinoma cells s.c. was commonly prevented by a mild subclinical graft=versus-host reaction produced by injecting 50 X 10(6) Wistar spleen cells i.p. either concurrently with the tumor or 7 to 14 days previously, Spleen cells alone had no effect on established tumor, but their injection on Day 14 significantly reduced the recurrence rate after excision of tumor on Day 21. In vitro tests in tumor-bearing rats with graft-versus-host reactions showed increased spleen lymphocyte and serum cytotoxicity; these mechanisms may inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Because Wistar lymphocytes and Sp 1 cells are syngeneic, inhibition of tumor cannot be due to allograft rejection but is probably an effect of increased host immunoreactivity during the graft-versus-host reaction.
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PMID:Effects of graft-versus-host reaction on inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and on tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. 1 23

Breast feeding, lactational histories, parity, age at marriage, and socio-economic status were compared in 24 patients with carcinoma of breast, 24 healthy controls, and 48 patients suffering from other diseases. They were matched for age, social class and work or trade of the husbands. Breast cancer patients married later, had shorter lactational histories and had fewer children as compared with controls. Studies in six healthy mothers showed that milk became more alkaline on stasis in the breast. This study confirms the view that breast feeding protects against breast cancer. It suggests that one carcinogenic factor may be an alkaline milieu produced by the statis of milk in the breasts. An alkaline milieu surrounding epithelial surfaces produces cell proliferation and a marked increase in mitotic activity which may eventually lead to metaplasia and neoplasia.
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PMID:A study of cancer of the breast with special reference to its causation and prevention. 1 2

It is noted that rats with Heren carcinoma show alkalization of blood, decreased pH levels of the urine, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesiemia, sodium and water retention, increased kalium level in the liver. Analogous changes are observed in rabbits with Brown-Pearce carcinoma. The organism of tumor-bearing rats responds to stress effects otherwise than the organism of normal animals.
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PMID:[Acid-base and water-electrolyte status in animals with experimental tumors]. 1 2

Using the combination of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus niger with beta-peltatin A-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, the selective effect of a new cancer of chemotherapy method based on a pH-dependent activation of cancerostatic prodrugs by exogenous enzymes was studied. In comparative experiments the selectivity of prodrug activation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in tumor and normal tissues of CBA mice inoculated im with the transplantable mammary carcinoma, MA-21224. The results show that this special type of carrier principle may lead to a higher degree of selectivity than the usual direct application of cancerostatic drugs.
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PMID:Selective tumor DNA synthesis inhibition: in vivo prodrug activation by an exogenous enzyme. 2 45

This report concerns a 49 year old asymptomatic male who had a mediastinal mass demonstrated on routine radiography. A large encapsulated tumour composed of small regular cells arranged in clumps and acini with fine vascular stroma was removed. The differential diagnosis on routine H&E section included parathyroid tumor, medullary carcinoma arising in ectopic thyroid tissue, epithelial thymoma or carcinoid tumor of the thymus. The presence of compressed thymic tissue around the tumor, and of argentaffin granules together with the electron microscopic appearance characteristic of the "enterochromaffin" or "APUD" group of cells allowed the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor of the thymus to be made. Electron microscopy showed that the cell cytoplasm contained electron dense membrane bound granules, together with bundles of microfilaments. Vesicles of smooth surfaced reticulum were present but rough surfaced reticulum was inconspicuous. No desmosomes were demonstrated. Special stains for amyloid and glycogen were negative.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumour of the thymus. A case report including discussion of the morphological diagnosis and the cell of origin. 2 95


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