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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Argyrophilic carcinoids were found in 2 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). A solitary neoplasm was located in the glandular stomach of a 25.5-month-old animal that had ingested for 12 months laboratory chow to which arecoline and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] had been added. In the other hamster, a primary carcinoid of the pancreas had metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver; this was in a 22-month-old animal that had ingested for 16 months chow containing added snuff and Ca(OH)I. It is not known whether the carcinoids were spontaneous or induced by the treatment. Argyrophilic carcinoids have previously been reported in only one other rodent species.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1975 Feb
PMID:Argyrophilic carcinoids in two Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). 4 77

In an evaluation of indium-111-bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent, 357 whole-body tumor scans were performed in 293 patients. Of 246 studies performed in patients with a variety of active solid tumors, 218 (89%) were true-positive studies and 28 (11%) were false-negative. Of 69 scans in patients thought to be free of tumor after therapy, 32 (46%) were false-positive studies and 37 (54%) were true-negative. The true-positive rates by major tumor type were: adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract origin (95%), lymphoma (88%), melanoma (87%), sarcomas (82%), lung (77%), breast (77%), childhood tumors (71%), gynecologic tumors (70%), and genitourinary tumors (68%). Soft tissue and lymphatic sites of tumor, both above and below the diaphragm, were easily visualized, whereas hepatic and bone marrow sites of involvement were less easily discerned. False-positive uptake with 111In-bleomycin was noted in lungs (6%), gut (3%), mediastinum (2%), normal breast tissue (0.8%), and in occasional inflammatory lesions. In 19 patients with multiple myeloma or leukemia, a pattern of diminished bone marrow uptake associated with abnormal accumulation of 111In-bleomycin in extramedullary sites of involvement was the rule. In another 23 patients in whom scans were performed because an occult tumor was suspected, scanning did not lead to specific diagnosis of tumor in a single instance. We conclude that 111In-bleomycin is a safe, effective, and useful new tumor-imaging agent in the initial staging and followup of patients with a variety of solid tumors. Significant advantages of this agent over other currently available radiopharmaceuticals include: A) a broader spectrum of tumors taking up the radio-pharmaceutical, and B) generally better delineation of abdominal and pelvic disease due to lack of interference from gut uptake.
Cancer 1975 Apr
PMID:A clinical evaluation of indium-111 bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent. 4 76

Ascites fluid accumulation accompanying a mastocytoma or L1210 murine tumor is significantly retarded following the i.p. or s.c. injection of moderate quantities of pepstatin, a known acid protease inhibitor. No effect on cell count was noted by pepstatin treatment. The probable mechanism by which pepstatin acts is by inhigiting the enzymatic formation of chemical mediators known as leukokinins. These are pharmoacologically active peptiedes having potent permeability characteristics previously described by this laboratory. Leukokinins are formed by cathepsin D-like enzymes present in the invading cells and in the ascites fluid acting on a protein substrate, leukokininogen. present in the ascites fluid. Pestatin inhibits the action of these leukokinin-forming enzymes invitro but has no effect on kallikreins (bradykinin-forming enzymes) in vitro. Human ascites fluid from a patient with ovarian carcioma was found to have a paepstatin-inhibited, leukokinin-generating system, as does the mouse. A 'chemical mediator' theory is proposed for ascites fromation which broadens the previously held theory of lymphatic blockage (Holm-Nielsen) and may explain the recent findings of Hirabayashi and Graham of increased plasma-ascites exchange in peritoneal carcionmatosis. Pepstatin inhibition of chemical mediator formation may represent a new therapeutic approach to ascites fluid accumulation in neoplastic disease.
Cancer Res 1975 Mar
PMID:Pepstatin, an inhibitor of leukokinin formation and ascitic fluid accumulation. 4 79

Particulates with the properties of cores and/or ribonucleoproteins of RNA tumor viruses have been isolated from Sterox-SL-treated fractions of murine and human mammary adenocarcinomas. These particulates have an RNA-directed DNA polymerase, a 60 to 70 S RNA, and a density of 1.26 g/ml or greater in sucrose equilibrium density gradients. Their uniquely higher densities lead to banding in regions comparatively free of cellular contaminants. These circumstances minimize some of the technical complications of performing the simultaneous detection assay in the presence of cell debris.
Cancer Res 1975 Apr
PMID:Biochemical characterization of putative subviral particulates from human malignant breast tumors. 4 81

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 580 patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases to determine the incidence of levels elevated above 40 ng/ml. Over 200 normal control subjects have all had levels below 40 ng/ml. Fifteen % of 95 patients with gastric carcinoma, 3 percent of 191 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 24 percent of 45 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 25 percent of 8 patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and 70 percent of 73 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. None of 14 patients with esophageal or small bowel carcinoma had elevated levels. In contrast, 1 percent of 154 patients with nonmalignant, nonhepatic gastrointestinal disease had elevations of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Alpha-Fetoprotein appears to be a potential marker for tumor activity in some patients with certain gastrointestinal cancers.
Cancer Res 1975 Apr
PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. 4 83

A staging scheme for hepatocellular carcinoma was presented at an International Symposium on Liver Cancer in Kampala, Uganda in 1971. Historical, clinical, and laboratory aspects of that staging scheme were examined for prognostic significance in 72 untreated patients with this disease studied at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The median survival for the entire group was 1 month. The presence of a serum bilirubin concentration of greater than 2 mg/100 ml or weight loss greater than 25 percent of body weight were the poorest prognostic features. Other factors with prognostic significance were visible abdominal collateral circulation, ascites, tumor differentiation, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, alpha fetoprotein, and proline hydroxylase. A modified staging scheme is presented which defines three prognostically different groups of Ugandan patients. It is hoped this staging scheme will serve as a stimulus for analysis of similar prognostic features in other populations of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cancer 1975 May
PMID:A staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic factors in Ugandan patients. 4 61

Ascitic fluid samples from 19 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 3 with a benign ovarian tumor, and 5 with cirrhosis of the liver were examined for their content of coagulation factors and components of the fibrinolytic system. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors in the ascitic fluid was significantly higher in the presence of carcinoma. Large amounts of FDP were found in the ascitic fluid in all patients with malignant tumors, but not in the other two groups. Determination of FDP may therefore make it possible to differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant ascitic fluid.
Cancer 1975 May
PMID:Coagulative and fibrinolytic properties of ascitic fluid associated with ovarian tumors. 4 63

A primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the liver occurring in an 18-month-old boy is described. Although several examples of extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors have occurred in other sites, this is believed to be the first reported instance of origin in the liver. An additional important feature was the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in a preoperative serum sample. Although no metastases were identified at the time of celiotomy, widespread metastases developed, and he died 6 1/2 months after an extended right hepatectomy was performed. Neither triple chemotherapy nor radiation therapy appeared to deter progressive spread of the neoplasm, although the metastases exhibited some radiosensitivity.
Cancer 1975 May
PMID:Primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the liver. First reported case. 4 64

Based on findings suggested by data in humans, this study attempted to determine whether aflatoxin Bl (AFB1)-induced liver tumors in rats produced alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and whether the animal's age influenced such appearance. Other liver carcinogens such as N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (h2-FAA), N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA), and diethylnitrosamine (DENA) were tested for their abilities to induce liver tumors which produced AFP. The presence of AFP in serum was determined by double diffusion in agarose and by comparison also with quantitative radioimmunoassay. Male Fischer 344/CS rats were used in all experiments. By double diffusion, the AFP was detected in a majority of tumor-bearing rats that had received either 2-FAA or h2-FAA. Sera of DENA-treated rats with hepatic tumors were all positive, whereas sera of rats with AFB1-induced tumors were positive only in a few cases. However, all sera of tumor bearing rats examined had elevated AFP levels when measured by radioimmunoassay. Still, the average level of AFP in sera of rats bearing AFB1-induced tumors was considerably lower when compared with sera of rats whose tumors were caused by DENA, 2-FAA, or h2-FAA. Younger rats suffered more severe alterations: rats started on AFB1 when 6 weeks old had more mixed liver tumors with neoplastic hepatocytes and bile ducts and higher AFP levels than did rats started at 26 weeks of age. However, histological grade of differentiation of induced tumors did not seem to influence the AFP level, although the DENA-treated rats usually had high levels of AFP and less differentiated tumors.
Cancer Res 1975 May
PMID:Elevated concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein in rats with chemically induced liver tumors. 4 66

Urologic complications arose in 23.7 per cent of 569 patients who underwent abdominoperineal or low anterior resection for anorectal cancer. No radomization of the two operations was attempted, low anterior resection being performed whenever resection 5 cm below the tumor was possible. Complications were more frequent after abdominoperineal resection and in men. Preoperative intravenous pyelography was performed in the cases of 541 of the patients, including 60 who underwent palliative colostomy. The pyelograms of 30 per cent of these patients were abnormal. The abnormalities were anatomic variations of the urinary tract in 25 per cent and urologic diseases in 75 per cent. None of the postoperative urologic complications was related to an abnormal preoperative pyelogram. No relation was found between the radicality of abdominoperineal and low anterior resection and the pyelographic signs of tumor involvement.
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PMID:Urologic complications after operations for anorectal cancer, with an evaluation of preoperative intravenous pyelography. 4 84


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