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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of independent brain tumors in two patients with retinoblastoma is described. One patient with well-differentiated biliteral retinoblastomas developed, over two years later, a pineal tumor but no other metastatic lesions. The pineal tumor was composed of small neuroblastic cells and a second population of larger cells with vesicular nuclei and more abundant cytoplasm. This feature is not characteristic of either primary or metastatic retinoblastoma. In the second patient the symptoms of a brain tumor led to the discovery of a small uniocular, well-differentiated retinoblastoma. The brain tumor was retrochiasmal, highly differentiated (showing areas of photoreceptor differentiation), and interpreted as an ectopic nonmetastatic retinoblastoma. The possible histogenetic origins of the brain tumors are discussed. Patients who develop symptoms of a brain tumor after a prolonged interval since the treatment of their ocular tumors should be suspected of harboring a second intracranial primary.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma and intracranial malignancy. 87 Jan 65

We add clinical and pathological details of one male and one female infant with congenital pineal teratomas who died before reaching 3 months of age to the small number in the world literature. Each had a nonresectable, enormous neoplasm at the time of diagnosis, and shunting procedures were of no significant value. The pathological features of the tumors conformed in all respects to those classically described as true teratomas. An epidermal cyst, possibly metastatic, was found in the spinal subarachnoid space in one patient. There is currently no effective therapy for these neoplasms, although both were diagnosed during life. Whenever recurrent shunt insufficiency occurs in a hydrocephalic neonate, the possibility of a congenital brain tumor should be considered.
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PMID:Unusual cause of relapsing hydrocephalus. Congenital intracranial teratoma. 88 85

The pharmacodynamics of technetium-99m stannous citrate were studies in Yale-Swiss mice bearing a sarcoma-like transplantable brain tumor, and the renal kinetics were determined in normal mice. Using a rating system based on tumor uptake and tumor-to-brain, tumor-to-blood, and tumor-to-skin ratios, the data obtained with this compound were compared with similar data obtained previously in the same model with Tc-99m Fe-(ascorbic acid), Tc-99m Fe-(ascorbic acid)-DTPA, Tc-99m Sn-DTPA, [99mTc] pertechnetate, and [99mTc] pertechnetate with perchlorate predose. Technetium-99m stannous citrate does not appear to achieve tumor localization by a mode different from these other Tc-99m-labeled compounds, nor does it show any potential advantage as a scanning agent in the tumor model.
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PMID:Technetium-99m stannous citrate brain-tumor uptake in mice: concise communication. 89 90

The injection of a suspension of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into the carotid artery of rats produced a model of hematogenously spread cerebral metastases. Most animals died from massive extracerebral tumors of the head and jaw; brain tumors were present in only one-quarter. External carotid artery ligation prior to tumor inoculation did not increase the incidence of fatal brain tumor. When cyclophosphamide, 15 mg/kg, was injected as a single dose on the fourteenth day after tumor inoculation, most of the extracerebral tumor disappeared. Fifty percent of the animals so treated were cured of tumor, but 90% of the remainder died of large intracerebral tumors. Severe cytopathic changes resulting from cyclophosphamide were present in extracerebral or choroid plexus tumors but were mild or nonexistent in intracerebral tumors. These selective effects of cyclophosphamide suggest that water-soluble agents are less effective against tumor in the brain than against extracerebral tumors despite the fact that metastatic tumor breaks down the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Metastic tumor of the brain: development of an experimental model. 90 Sep 4

Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity and dehydration in the absence of ketoacidosis. Two cases of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, in which both the patients recovered, were presented. One of the cases was a 59-year-old female who had suffered from a metastatic brain tumor. After removal of the tumor, the patient's condition improved for a period. This was followed by a period of frequent vomiting, subsequently followed by coma. The laboratory data showed the absence of ketoacidosis in the blood sugar measured at 672 mg/dl and serum osmolarity at 343.1 mOsm./kg. The other case was a 74-year-old female who was admitted to the clinic because of cerebral thrombosis. Her caloric in-take was restricted and insulin was administered because of a mild diabetes mellitus which occured after admission. Then she entered a hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. The laboratory data revealed blood sugar to be 1068 mg/dl and serum osmolarity to be 418 mOsm./kg. Immediately after large amounts of intravenous drip infusion and insulin were administerd, she recovered from the syndrome. The clinical observations and the pathogenesis of this syndrome were discussed.
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PMID:[Two cases of nonketotic hyperosmolar coma in neurosurgery (author's transl)]. 91 16

Specimens of different intracranial tumors as well as samples of normal brain have been studied for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans contents. Tumor tissue showed calcium and magnesium concentrations higher than normal tissue. Brain tumors exhibit a decreased phospholipid concentration than normal brain, and its ability to complex divalent cations (specially magnesium) appears impaired. The glycosaminoglycans contents show no correlation with the concentration of calcium but in cases of observable calcification (meningiomas) a preponderance of chondroitin sulfate was observed.
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PMID:Phospholipids and calcification in human intracranial tumors. 92 87

Since a marked clinical improvement has been reported following chromic phosphate treatment in recurrent craniopharyngioma, we have attempted to study the in vitro cellular changes of two craniopharyngiomas maintained in organ culture system and subsequently treated with colloidal chronic phosphate. When incubated for 24 and 48 hours respectively, at a concentration of 10 muCi/ml. of colloidal 32P, only vacuolar degeneration and hyperchromasia of the tumor cells have been observed. When incubated with 50 muCi/ml. for 24 hours, further cellular degeneration and focal necrosis begin to appear. Up to 48 hours after 50 muCi/ml. obvious necrosis and extensive degeneration become apparent. Autoradiography confirms the fact that radioactive material is absorbed by the tumor cells. Brain tumors when maintained in an organ culture system may serve as a useful model for the evaluation of the effects of various chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic agents in vitro.
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PMID:Organ culture of craniopharyngioma and its cellular effects induced by colloidal chromic phosphate. 93 87

Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain has been available since 1973 and has changed neurological, neurosurgical and radiological practice beyond recognition. A rapid growth of literature has documented it role in the diagnosis of intracranial hematoma, cerebral atrophy, brain tumor, orbital lesions and postoperative tumor evaluation. This computerized method of image reconstruction is now also being applied to the rest of the body and to other diagnostic modalities such as isotopes and ultrasound. The initial impact of CT scanning in otolaryngology is largely in four areas: 1. Facial deformities either acquired or congenital as hypertelorism, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma and Crouzon's disease. 2. Tumors involving sinuses primarily or by secondary invasion. 3. Cerebello-pontine angle lesions as meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and glomus jugulare tumors. The larger acoustic neuroma is well visualized by this technique rendering contrast myelography unnecessary. In CT scanning, subtle differences in position and an increase in density before contrast enhancement should allow a differentiation of angle meningiomas from acoustic neuromas; in addition, CT scanning has a very important role in the postoperative assessment of angle tumors. 4. Infections as cerebral abscess or cerebritis secondary to sinus or mastoid disease. The future holds changes that will allow much finer detail, re-orientation of the horizontal information into any plane, and much more accurate differentiation of tissue density. The principle of CT image reconstruction is being applied to both isotope and ultrasound scanning and should improve their accuracy and yield. If the rapid growth of the new technology over the past two years continues, even greater usefulness can be anticipated.
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PMID:Computerized tomography (CT) in otolaryngology. 96 20

The formation of new blood vessels, i.e., angiogenesis, is a critical step in the evolution of a brain tumor from the earliest avascular phase to the clinically overt, vascular stage. For cerebral astrocytomas, intense capillary proliferation is a poor prognostic sign, associated with rapidly growing tumors. The in vivo production of a vasoformative substance can be demonstrated by transplanting human and experimental gliomas to the rabbit cornea. Intense neovascularization is elicited by the tumor and not by control tissues. If the same tumor is transplanted to the vitreous, thereby interrupting the vasoformative signal, the tumor remains in a dormant state for a prolonged period of time, despite its malignant potential. Inhibition of angiogenesis would be an important adjunct to the surgical treatment of gliomas.
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PMID:The role of vascular proliferation in the growth of brain tumors. 97 95

As a causative factor in spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, vascular anomalies, especially aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation, have been generally recognized. On the other hand, subarachnoid hemorrhage from brain tumor and cryptic vascular malformation are rare. We experienced two cases showing subarachnoid hemorrhage from angioblastic meningioma and vascular hamartoma as an initial symptom. Case 1: A 48-year-old woman, who complained of severe headache and vomiting on Feb. 10th, 1972, gradually became lethargic. Lumbar puncture revealed moderately hemorrhagic C.S.F.. On the fifth day after the onset, she was admitted to our hospital. On admission she showed disorientation and disturbance of resent memory. Aphasia and agnosia were slightly observed. On ophthalmologic examination right homonymous lower quadrant hemianopsia was observed. The carotid angiogram showed slight square shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the right side, elevation of the middle serebral artery and a homogeneous tumor stain in the occipital region in capillary phase. A walnut sized tumor invading the middle portion of the left lateral sinus and showing firm adhesion to the tentrium was found. There was an intracerebral hematoma behined the tumor. The tumor, the tentrium and the lateral sinus were extirpated en bloc and the intracerebral hematoma was aspirated. Histologically, the tumor was angioblastic meningioma. Case 2: A 7-year-old boy, who complained of severe abrupt headache, nuchal pain and vomiting on Sept. 17th, 1972, became gradually lethargic. Lumbar puncture revealed hemorrhagic C.S.F., On the tenth day after the onset, he was admitted to our hospital. He showed confusion and agitation. The carotid angiogram showed an unrolling of the pericallosal artery, but no findings of space taking lesions. An air study indicated a globular filling defect protruding into the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. The tumor located in the laterobasal wall of the anterior horn was removed picemiel by transventricular approach. Histologically, the tumor was vascular hamartoma. Furthermore, we discussed various brain tumors showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as an initial symptom, its frequency and bleeding mechanism on the literature.
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PMID:[Two cases showing subarachnoid hemorrhage from angioblastic meningioma and vascular hamartoma (author's transl)]. 98 94


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