Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II currently is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent in advanced bladder cancer. However, most of the objective responses are partial and/or of limited duration (average 6 months). In an effort to identify a more effective compound with less toxicity platinum analogues have been synthesized. Since results in the carcinogen-induced murine bladder cancer model have correlated with activity of drugs in man this model was used to evaluate 4 of these analogues. Although not as effective as the parent compound, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, they exhibited significant antitumor activity in the poorly differentiated transplanted tumor. However, they were not able to reduce the incidence or size of primary tumors. Another approach to enhance tumor cell kill is combination chemotherapy. The addition of cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin hydrochloride to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum produced a greater tumor inhibition than cis-diamminedichloroplatinum alone in experiments with the transplanted and the primary tumor models. It is hoped that these studies will continue to provide background information for the design of disease oriented phase I and II clinical trials.
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PMID:The effect of platinum analogues and combination chemotherapy on murine bladder cancer. 54 20

Carcinoembryonic antigen was measured in the urine and plasma of 108 patients with several types and various stages of genitourinary cancer. The value of the carcinoembryonic antigen assay as an early indicator of neoplastic disease was evaluated and a correlation was made between the extent of disease and the concentration of urinary and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients were classified according to stage of tumor involvement as follows: no evidence of disease, non-malignant disease, non-invasive disease, no known metastasis, regional metastasis and disseminated metastasis. The urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels more closely paralleled the extent of disease than did the plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with bladder cancer. Neither urinary nor plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels were useful in assessing the extent of disease in patients with prostatic or testicular cancer. Studies related to microbiological interference in the carcinoembryonic antigen assay indicated that bacterial counts up to 10(5) organisms per ml. did not interfere. Cytological studies indicated that the presence of white blood cells, atypical cells and malignant cells could result in elevated urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels.
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PMID:The clinical utility of plasma and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with genitourinary disease. 55 45

Retrospective data on dietary habits, employment history and tobacco use were obtained from 569 bladder cancer patients and 1025 age-matched controls admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Sex-adjusted relative risks revealed increases in risk for lower levels of an index of vitamin A intake. A similar pattern of risk elevation was associated with infrequent milk and carrot intake. Some elevation of risk was found for heavy coffee drinking but the apparent protective effect for milk consumption was not found to be a spurious result of lower coffee intake. Neither was the role of vitamin A explained by its relationship with smoking or employment in high risk occupations. Some association of bladder cancer with infrequent consumption of cruciferous vegetables was also observed. The findings of this investigation are consistent with tumor inhibition by retinoids in animal studies and the low risk associated with vitamin A in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer.
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PMID:Dietary risk factors in human bladder cancer. 58 94

Urinary cytology is almost as accurate as cystoscopy in appraising the presence or absence of visible tumor. Falsely negative results are virtually limited to low stage, low grade tumors. Urinary cytology often provides information about the neoplastic state of the epithelium not provided by cystoscopic examination. Cytology has become practical and simple to do even as an office procedure. Urinary cytology must be considered an essential part of patient management in bladder cancer surveillance.
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PMID:Evaluation of bladder washing cytology for bladder cancer surveillance. 62 12

The loss of A, B or H blood-group antigens from the surface of neoplastic epithelial cells has been correlated with aggressive tumor behavior. We examined this phenomenon in low stage transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In an analysis of biopsy material from 37 patients the absence of these antigens on the original or recurrent tumors correlated with the subsequent development of invasive disease (stage B or greater), while the presence of antigens correlated with failure to develop invasive disease. Analysis of transitional cell surface antigens may help improve the therapy of bladder cancer.
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PMID:Tissue blood-group antigens and prognosis in low stage transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 62 15

Carcinoma in situ of the urethral margin was demonstrated in 12 men who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Six of the 7 patients who underwent simultaneous urethrectomy are free of the tumor but 4 of the 5 who did not undergo urethrectomy died of the disease. This dismal survival rate for patients with carcinoma in situ in the retained urethra indicates the necessity for clear-cut guide lines for the performance of urethrectomy. Frozen section of the urethral margin, as well as of both distal ureters, should be obtained at the time of operation, and urethrectomy, either simultaneous or during the same hospitalization, should be considered strongly for those with carcinoma in situ of the bladder neck or of the urethra.
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PMID:Carcinoma in situ of the urethra associated with bladder carcinoma: the role of urethrectomy. 62 21

Forty patients with urinary bladder tumors (26 cancer and 14 papilloma) were investigated by clinical and immunological methods. Patients with Stage I and II bladder cancer had a decrease in their delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in comparison to healthy controls. The same was found in patients with proliferating papillomas (WHO I) and benign papillomas. Patients with carcinoma in Stages III and IV had a reduced reactivity to recall antigens and could be immunized to a significantly lesser degree with primary antigens. In most cases a transurethral resection of the tumor was followed by radiotherapy. In four patients local immunotherapy was performed after resection of most of the tumor mass.
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PMID:[Clinical and immunologic investigations of patients with urinary bladder tumors (author's transl)]. 63 16

Two human bladder cancer cell lines grew predictably in rats immunosuppressed with antilymphocyte serum. Intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cell suspensions resulted in diffuse intraabdominal carcinomatosis with consequent host death after 10 to 20 days. Subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cell suspensions resulted in local tumors which grew exponentially for 20 to 30 days before eventual regression after 40 to 50 days; lung metastases developed in at least 13 per cent of the animals with subcutaneous tumors. The histologic appearance of the xenografted tumors closely resembled that of the original tumors. Subsequent in vitro culture of the xenografted tumors provided cell lines that were morphologically identical to the primary lines and that retained a human karyotype. It is proposed to employ this model of human bladder cancer to evaluate chemotherapeutic agents for possible use in the clinical disease.
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PMID:In vivo growth of human bladder cancer cell lines. 64 Aug

In order to estimate end effects of chronic prolonged gammairradiation of dogs, an exposure of 80 animals to irradiation was terminated and they were followed up closely. Out of 80 animals 30 dogs (1st series) were irradiated for 3 years and 50 dogs (II series) for 6 years. The dogs were exposed to irradiation at doses of 21 to 190 rad per year. Out of the total number of animals 22 dogs died. Post-mortem examinations showed neoformations in 13 animals (7 malignant and 12 benign neoformations). The highest number of tumors developed in dogs of the II series (10 out of 11) one-two years after irradiation (6 malignant tumors--malignant pheochromocytoma of adrenals; malignant adenoma of the hypophysis: polymorphocellular sarcoma of the liver; leucomyosarcoma of the uterus; bladder cancer; breast cancer; and 10 benign tumors--pancreatic adenoma; liver angioma; 2 papillary adenomas of the prostate; 3 renal adenomas; lipoma; polyps of the gall-bladder). Animals of the 1st series displayed 3 neoformations (1 malignant tumor--bladder tumor and 2 benign tumorsliver hepatoma and spleen angioma) 4--5 years after irradiation.
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PMID:[Formation of neoplasms in dogs after chronic gamma irradiation at a low-intensity dose]. 64 24

Transcatheter embolization of the kidneys and bladder is increasingly important. The main indication for embolization is persistent hematuria involving surgically nonaccessible renal and bladder cancer. Additional surgical management of the disease can be avoided. Another indication is the preoperative embbolization of the kidney which facilitates surgical procedure and possibly prevents tumor cell embolization in the venous circulation. The indication for embolization of bleeding bladder carcinoma is different and permanent arterial occlusion is only justified if other measurements fail.
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PMID:[Experiences with transcatheter emoblization in urology (author's transl)]. 65 8


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