Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of biologic markers in the management of testicular and bladder cancer has been described. alpha--fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin when used together have been extremely helpful in detecting recurrence, staging, and monitoring of testicular cancer. The cellular localization of these markers by immunoperoxidase has also been an aid in understanding the natural history of these tumors. The cell surface antigens in bladder cancer have been useful predictors as to whether or not Stage A bladder cancer will develop into more invasive cancer when compared with the conventional histopathologic examination of the bladder tumor. In the last six years we have prospectively utilized these markers in the management of testicular and bladder cancer. The clinical and laboratory findings of these prospective studies are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Biologic tumor markers in management of testicular and bladder cancer. 8 Aug 71

An epithelioid cell line (PS-1) has been established from a transitional cell cancer derived from human urinary bladder. Subcutaneous injection of the epithelioid cells into weanling athymic nude mice induced solid tumors histologically similar to the original tumor. A cell line was also established from a tumor induced in the athymic nude mouse (PS-1, T-1). Both cell lines exhibited essentially identical growth characteristics and formed a monolayer growth of epithelioid cells in culture. Electron microscopic studies confirmed epithelioid morphology. No fibroblastoid elements were observed. Chromosomal analysis revealed heteroploidy with persistent marker chromosomes; all cells contained a Y chromosome. The presence of tumor-specific antigen(s) in PS-1 cells was suggested by microcytotoxicity assays with peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes from other transitional cancer cell patients. Sera of urinary bladder cancer patients reacted with nuclear antigens of the established cells.
 ...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (PS-1). 8 14

Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels were measured in patients with renal, vesical and prostatic cancer. Measurements were made only on samples with a serum creatinine less than or equal to 105 mumol./l. to eliminate the possibility of elevated beta-2-microglobulin being a result of impaired renal function. This criterion eliminated 28 to 50 per cent of the patients with bladder cancer and 73 per cent of those who had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, which, obviously, limits the value of beta-2-microglobulin measurement for the surveillance in these cancers. Beta-2-microglobulin values in patients with prostatic cancer were seldom increased to more than 3.0 mg./l. In bladder cancer patients with normal serum creatinine the frequency of an elevated serum beta-2-microglobulin increased with the increase in tumor stage.
 ...
PMID:Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in urological cancer. 8 16

Certain in vivo and in vitro immunologic features of carcinogen-induced murine bladder cancer have been studied. The consistency of tumor induction, its natural history, and immunogenicity both in vivo and in vitro render this syngeneic murine bladder tumor a suitable model for immunologic studies. Pre-immunization of strain C3H/Hen mice with mid-gestational fetal cells did not protect the animals from tumor challenge. Sera of mice immunized with mid-gestational fetal cells were not cytotoxic to cultured tumor cells in a microcytotoxicity assay indicative of dissimilarity between the tumor associated antigen and the syngeneic mid-gestational fetal antigen.
 ...
PMID:Immunologic features of a carcinogen-induced murine bladder cancer: in vivo and in vitro studies. 8 59

In the present investigation molecular components associated with the urines from bladder cancer patients and normal individuals are identified. Polyacrylamide gels of urines from bladder cancer, bladder papilloma, and normal individual exhibit clear differences in banding patterns. Urine from bladder cancer patients shows gels with increased quantities of low (less than 100,000) and increased and additional high (less than 100,000) molecular weight proteins when compared to gels with urine from papilloma and normal individuals. In order to localize and identify proteins in the urine from bladder cancer, papilloma, and normal individuals, proteins were separately fractionated on Sephadex G-200 columns and each elution fraction was reacted on Ouchterlony gel diffusion against various specific antisera. The qualitative analysis of proteins in urine from bladder cancer patients is discussed in relation to their molecular weight distribution in the Sephadex G-200 profiles and their possible role in tumor host relationships.
 ...
PMID:Qualitative analysis of proteinuria associated with bladder cancer. 8 88

Treatment of superficial low-grade bladder cancer often incorporates intravesical instillations of the alkylating agent thio-TEPA. Current dosages and administration schedules are empiric inasmuch as cytokinetic data are sparse. The FANFT-induced bladder rat tumor model closely approximates human bladder cancer. This study measuring 3H-thymidine uptake identified peaks of maximal synthetic activity at 3 and 9 days after thio-TEPA exposure in both normal and neoplastic urothelium. Thus, repeat instillation at these intervals may improve cytotoxicity and overall response rate.
 ...
PMID:Intravesical thio-tepa: a study of 3H-thymidine uptake in normal urothelium and FANFT-induced tumors in rats. 10 16

Herein is reported further results of a prospective clinical investigation to determine the effect of weekly intravesical bladder instillation of thio-tepa in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Patients with superficial bladder carcinoma were treated according to 2 protocols. The first protocol consisted of patients with persistent tumor who were treated with weekly thio-tepa for 8 weeks. Of the 33 patients 18 responded to this therapy, and they and 24 other patients who had been rendered free of tumor by transurethral resection alone were assigned to the second protocol in which patients either were treated with monthly instillations of thio-tepa or they were observed every 3 months in a prescribed fashion. Monthly thio-tepa instillations had no significant effect in lowering the recurrence rate in either group. However, in the patients who had responded to weekly thio-tepa benefit was noted in terms of 1) fewer recurrences, with 8 of 18 (44 per cent) previously pre-treated patients having a recurrence versus 19 of 24 patients (79 per cent) previously untreated, 2) delay in tumor recurrence with an interval free of tumor of 15.1 months in pre-treated patients versus 4.3 months in the untreated group and 3) diminished frequency of new tumors (0.33 recurrences yearly) in comparison to the untreated group (1.78 recurrences yearly). The remaining patients are free of tumors at 15.7 months average followup.
 ...
PMID:A longitudinal study of patients with superficial bladder carcinoma successfully treated with weekly intravesical thio-tepa. 11 Sep 47

This research was performed to establish a cell line from experimental bladder tumor and to discuss the biological characteristics of the cell line so established. Tissue cultures of epithelial cells were derived from a rat bladder cancer induced by BBN. The cells showed loss of contact inhibition and the phenomenon of piling up after several subcultures. Colonial cloning was used. The population doubling time of the wild strain and the colonial clones was about 30 h. The chromosomal mode ranged from triploid to tetraploid to tetraploid. Plating efficiency was well below 20%. Intraperitoneal backtransplantation into newborn Wister rats resulted in tumors in all cases. These tumors, in some parts, resembled primary transitional cell carcinoma. The major tumor cell groups, however, showed marked keratinization and the picture of squamous cell carcinoma. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and the numbers of nuclei, free ribosomes and intracytoplasmic microfibrils were increased. Dense microvillus arrangements characterized the electron microscopic picture. During the mitotic phase, the cells became large and globular whereas the microvilli were relatively short and were gathered profusely over the whole surface. Cells in the gap 1-synthetic phase developed lamellipodia and pseudpodia-like cytoplasmic processes and were polygonal in shape. Microvilli were present in the central part containing the nucleus, but their numbers were somewhat decreased and their height increased (scanning electron microscopy).
 ...
PMID:A cell line derived from BBN (N-butyl-N-[4-hydroxybutyl]-nitrosamine)-induced rat bladder cancer: establishment and scanning electron microscopic cell surface characteristics. 15 85

Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (by molecular hybridization) DNA from human tumors and malignant cell lines for BKV DNA, using BKV [(32)P]DNA as probe. The BKV [(32)P]DNA was labeled in vitro (nick translation) to specific activities of 1 to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mug. The BKV DNA used to prepare our probes had the properties expected of authentic BKV genomes, including density of superhelical DNA, sedimentation velocity in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, production of one fragment by endonuclease EcoRI cleavage and four fragments by endonuclease Hin II + III cleavage and reassociation properties. From these studies we conclude that our BKV probes hybridized well, and represented bona fide BKV DNA. Using three different BKV [(32)P]DNA probes, i.e., from three distinct plaque isolates, we have analyzed DNA from BKV-transformed cells, normal human tissues, and a large number of human tumors. All human DNAs (cell lines, normal tissues, tumors) hybridized 5% with BKV DNA. Hybridization analysis of BKV-transformed hamster cell DNA indicated 5-6 copies of at least 88% of the BKV genome per cell. No BKV DNA sequences were detected (above the normal 5% hybridization to all human DNAs) in the following normal human tissues: 10 kidney (BKV is usually isolated from urine), 3 spleen, 13 lung, 23 colon, 2 rectum, 1 ileum, and 1 skin. No BKV-specific DNA was found in 166 tumors, including 5 carcinomas (Ca) of stomach, 3 Ca small intestine, 26 Ca colon, 9 Ca rectum, 31 Ca lung, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 oat cell carcinomas of lung, 17 melanomas, 5 Ca prostate, 4 Ca bladder, 6 Wilms tumors, 4 hypernephromas, 15 Ca kidney, 7 brain tumors, 5 Hodgkin lymphomas, 10 lymphomas (immunosuppressed patients have a high incidence of lymphomas), 2 reticulum cell sarcomas (spleen), and 3 skin tumors. We have also analyzed 7 human malignant cell lines (melanoma, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastomas), including several clones of a lung melanoma line; no BKV DNA sequences were detected. Because our probes could detect one copy of BKV DNA if only 10% of the cells were tumor cells, our results are very strong evidence that the tumors we analyzed did not have a BKV etiology. The tumors we tested represent about 50% of all cancers in the United States; there is no evidence that BKV is involved in the etiology of these types of tumors.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of human tumors and human malignant cell lines for BK virus-specific DNA sequences. 20 40

Some preliminary observations may be helpful as we proceed with studies of the humoral and cellular reactions in body fluids. 1) In the reactions with TAA from primary bladder cancers and from bladder cancer cell lines, we must be aware of complexing when we study sera or tumors from patients with more invasive tumors. 2) Earlier stage patient sera can react to antigens present in urine but may not react with antigens present on tumor cells. These reactions are mainly related to cell sediments or partially insoluble material present in the urine; it is difficult to interpret these reactions in a controlled study. 3) Using sera from patients with different stages of bladder cancer, we can test normal bladder cell lines (e.g., HCV-29, which has no CF reactivity with sera from patients with bladder cancer) for comparison with the patterns of TAA present in cancer cell lines (e.g., RT-4 and T-24). 4) There is no relationship between HSV and bladder TCC. 5) Cytomegalovirus and its components are associated with normal or cancer-related cell and urine components. We can study differentiation of such antigens from TAA, which produce cell-mediated immune responses.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary studies of sera and urine from patients with bladder cancer. 21 66


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>