Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This case report concerns a woman who presented an atypical clinical pattern with some features of encephalitis and other features of brain tumor. Cerebral angiography showed a unilateral cerebral mass with prominence of deep medullary veins, usually interpreted as evidence of a neoplasm. Brain biopsy was interpreted as astrocytoma. Subsequent spontaneous clinical remission and regression of angiographic findings led to a reappraisal of the microscopic interpretation with a final diagnosis of encephalitis. The pathogenesis of cerebral angiographic abnormalities observed with encephalitis is reviewed. The transient prominence of deep medullary veins is probably due to hyperemia. Followup angiography is recommended when encaphalitis is suspected.
 ...
PMID:Transient enlargement of deep medullary veins in encephalitis. 118 68

Eighty-seven children with histologically confirmed brain tumors were reviewed. Fifty-nine of the tumors were in the posterior fossa, 19 were cerebral gliomas, and nine were miscellaneous supratentorial tumors, including five craniopharyngiomas and two papillomas of the choroid plexus. In the posterior fossa there were 22 astrocytomas, 11 medulloblastomas, and ten ependymomas, indicating that half of the cerebellar tumors are benign. Of the patients with cerebellar astrocytomas, 15 are alive and 10 are probably cured. The cerebellar ependymomas have a very poor prognosis with only one long-term survivor and an average survival time of 14 months. The medulloblastoma group has only four survivors, and some of these are less than two years postoperative. Of 11 patients having cerebral astrocytoma, only three are leading satisfactory lives, three are dead, and five are handicapped to a significant degree. Of the eight patients with supratentorial ependymoma, all are dead with the longest survival being six years. It is emphasized that a benign cerebellar astrocytoma is the single most likely tumor in childhood, and many of these patients can be cured and survive without significant neurologic deficit.
 ...
PMID:Childhood brain tumors: a 15-year survey. 118 21

Pontine astrocytomas may fungate, encircling the basilar artery and pontomesencephalic vein and intruding between these structures and the clivus. The tumor thus may prevent anterior displacement of these vascular structures against the clivus or produce paradoxical posterior displacement. However, the pontine arteries are usually swept forward by the tumor nodules to lie anterior to the basilar artery. These arteries are also stretched as they encircle the enlarged pons, losing their normal undulations. An increased posterior extent of the vessels may be seen, presumed due to hypertrophy or displacement or both. These findings seem highly specific for the diagnosis of fungating pontine astrocytoma.
 ...
PMID:Displacement of pontine arteries by fungating pontine astrocytomas. 121 13

In view of the fact that clinical reports have been recently made that combined varopressin-corticosteroid therapy is remarkably effective against recurrent malignant astrocytoma, it is considered necessary to review the antitimor action of steroids against glioma. The effects of hydrocortisone sodium succinate were studied on cultured cells derived from 17 glioma cases composed of 8 cases of glioblastoma (grade III, IV) and 9 cases of benign astrocytoma (grade I, II). Actively growing monolayer culture of tumor cells was exposed to the test agent of serially diluted concentration from 10(-4) to 10(-7) g/ml. The effectiveness was estimated by calculating the proliferation rate of cells for 7 days. The response curve of the test agent exhibited a relatively good correlation to dose as well as a good potency in suppressing cellular proliferation. This was more marked in cells from malignant glioma than those from benign glioma. The results also indicate that the inhibitory effects of corticosteroid are closely correlated to the growth rate of the tumor itself. Thus, the therapeutic effects of long-term administration of corticosteroid can be expected not only by the resultant decrease in cerebral edema and in the suppressed production rate of cerebrospinal fluid but also from the standpoint of its anti-timor action. It should be possible to effectively include steroid therapy in the program of surgical procedure, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for glioma patients in whom recurrence is generally almost inevitable.
 ...
PMID:[The inhibitory effects of corticosteroid on the proliferation of tumor cells derived from human astrocytoma-gliobastoma--with special reference to combined vasopressin--corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. 123 14

The mechanism and the clinical significance of calcium deposits in glioma have been still obscure. Excluding pinealomas, 221 histologically proven intracranial gliomas were studied. The presence of roentgenological calcification in 27 of the authers' series represented an incidence of 12 percent. The incidence of roentgenological calcification in various types of glioma were as follows: astrocytoma grades 1 & 2-15%, astrocytoma grades 3 & 4-7%, medulloblastoma-5%, ependymoma-17%, oligodendrogioma-60%, and choroid plexus papilloma-25%. There was no characteristic relationship between the incidence of calcification and the age distribution. One exception was noted that in astrocytoma grades 1 & 2 the incidence of roentgenological calcification tended to be higher in younger patients than in older patients. The percentage of calcified tumors in both sexes was the same. In astrocytoma and ependymoma the incidence of roentgenological calcification was far greater in the supratentorial tumor than in the infratentorial tumor. According to their roentgenological appearance, calcified tumors were separated into four groups, but any specific appearance could not be claimed for any particular type of glial tumors. Only in astrocytoma both the duration of symptoms and the postoperative survival time of the calcified cases were longer than those of the uncalcified. But in other types of glioma there were no significant differences in the postoperative survival time between the calcified cases and the uncalcified ones. In 5 cases of astrocytomas the calcium deposits did not exist on preoperative radiographs, which were found postoperatively after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In conclusion, it is not the histological type but the duration of the clinical course that plays more important role in calcification of gliomas.
 ...
PMID:[Calcification in gliomas: first report with special reference to roentgenological calcification (author's transl)]. 123 29

All primary intracranial neoplasms diagnosed between 1935 and 1964, inclusive, in the well-defined populations of children under age 15 residing in the state of Connecticut and the city of Rochester, Minnesota, formed the basis for this study. The tumors occurring in this group were characterized by histologic type and by the patient's sex and the age when the tumor occurred. In Connecticut, over the 30-year period, a primary intracranial neoplasm was diagnosed in 380 patients in a mean population of 582,286 children, yielding an average annual incidence rate of 2.17 cases/100,000 population per year. Of the microscopically confirmed tumors, the most common, in order, were medulloblastoma (24.2%), astrocytoma (20.6%), glioblastoma (20.3%), ependymoma (6.5%), craniopharyngioma (5.6%) and meningioma (4.6%). These figures contrast sharply with the corresponding frequency of these tumors in the adult Connecticut population. In Rochester during the same years, 12 primary intracranial neoplasms occurred in a mean population of 7,981 children, yielding an average annual incidence rate of 5.01 cases/100,000 population per year.
 ...
PMID:The epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms of childhood. A population study. 124 98

Three cases of primary brain tumors simulating purulent meningitis have been described. Two patients were infants suffering from ependymoma of the posterior fossa, while the third was a 35-year-old man with astrocytoma of the temporal lobe. All cases were characterized by acute onset with fever, signs of meningeal irritation without any other neurological signs, and marked CSF pleocytosis. The diagnosis in 2 cases was made only at necropsy, and the third case was correctly diagnosed only after a delay. The possible occurrence of brain tumor and meningitis simultaneously was considered and seemed unlikely in our cases. A possible explanation for the clinical and CSF findings was irritation of the leptomeninges by the tumor and its breakdown products.
 ...
PMID:Brain tumors simulating purulent meningitis. 127 92

The authors report on 40 brain tumor patients treated with CT-guided stereotactic injection of 198Au and 32P. Among the 40 cases were astrocytoma in 23 cases, craniopharyngioma in 9, meningioma in 4, pituitary adenoma in 2, and pinealoma and metastatic carcinoma each in 1 case. The tumors were all located in deep or important areas of the brain which were difficult to deal with by conventional operation. 62 injections of colloidal isotopes were performed, and all were successful. No major adverse effects or complications occurred on follow-up of 6-12 months, 28 patients were improved in their clinical symptoms, and CT scanning showed that the tumor sizes were diminished. The effective rate is 70%.
 ...
PMID:CT-guided stereotactic injection of radionuclide for treatment of brain tumors. 129 37

There is growing concern about the oncogenic potential of growth hormone (GH) used therapeutically. In rat experiments, a variety of malignant tumours have been induced following administration of supraphysiological doses of GH, whilst in other studies in hypophysectomized animals a lower than normal incidence of carcinogen-induced neoplasms was reported. In acromegaly, in which there is a pathologically sustained high GH level, there is a significantly increased incidence of cancer in general and specifically of colonic neoplasia. To determine whether the use of GH in the treatment of radiation-induced GH deficiency causes tumour recurrence, a comparison was made of tumour recurrence rates between 47 children treated with GH for radiation-induced GH deficiency after treatment for a brain tumour and a control population from the North West Children's Cancer Registry who did not receive GH (n = 160). All cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), including those that were (n = 15) and were not (n = 146) treated with GH were reviewed. The computerized tomography (CT) scans in the children with brain tumours were reviewed at the time of GH commencement and subsequently. There were 5 brain tumour recurrences after GH therapy: 1 astrocytoma, 2 ependymomas and 2 medulloblastomas. Adjusting for variables other than GH which might affect tumour recurrence, the estimated relative risk of tumour recurrence was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.28-2.37). In each tumour category there was no association between the use of GH and subsequent tumour recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Tumour occurrence and recurrence. 129 13

The C6 astrocytoma cell line was inoculated intracerebrally as suspension into the rat brain. Tumors were allowed to grow 2 to 60 days and their development was studied on coronal sections at these survival times. Tumor cells developed intraparenchymal solid tumor at the implantation site. C6 cells also filled out the needle track-area and spread into meninges. At 2 days postimplantation (2 DPI), tumor cells were observed to infiltrate recipient's brain directly from the implantation site or via perivascular spaces of adjacent cerebral blood vessels. Some cells escaped from the implantation channel during transplantation. They spread diffusely via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in leptomeningeal regions over the brain surface. At 10 DPI, the tumor mass invaded the adjacent brain parenchyma as well as cerebral ventricles (CV) and C6 cells could spread intraventricularly. At 30 DPI, tumor extremely increased its size and its growth was expansive. It exhibited areas of necrosis and later on, at 60 DPI, inoculated rat brains revealed large empty pseudocysts resulting from decay of necrotic tumor masses.
 ...
PMID:Inoculation of C6 glioma cell suspension into the brain of adult rats: morphological study. 130 Jun 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>