Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of CT scans of 25 patients with cerebellar astrocytoma indicates that a typical spectrum of findings exists for the cerebellar astrocytomas. CT is highly accurate in delineation and characterization of new and recurrent tumors. Recurrences may be demonstrated long before symptoms occur. The density of the fluid in the tumor cyst is twice that of cerebrospinal fluid. Thus differentiation from nonneoplastic cystic lesions and postoperative defects is possible. CT findings of solid or cystic tumor frequently correlate with histologic categorization, and in such cases prognostic information can be derived from the CT appearance.
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PMID:Computed tomography of cerebellar astrocytoma. 41 94

A case of undifferentiated astrocytoma with rapid increase in size of the tumor as documented by sequential computer assisted tomography (CAT) of the head is reported. The case also demonstrates the sensitivity of computer assisted tomography in the detection of intracranial pathology, in the presence of fals localizing neurological findings.
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PMID:Computer assisted tomography in rapidly growing brain tumor. 42 44

A 13-year-old boy presented with an obstructive left lateral intraventricular mass. Pathological examination revealed a subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. Further clinical investigation confirmed the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Ultrastructural examination confirmed previously reported features of this tumor. Tumor cells containing large dense granulated bodies and dense-core vesicles, not previously described in this tumor, were identified.
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PMID:Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. Case report with ultrastructural study. 43 Jan 39

Tumors of the nervous system were induced in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats by weekly administrations of 6 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the drinking water. Three of these tumors, a grade 2 mixed glioma, a grade 2 to 3 astrocytoma and a grade 1 to 2 oligodendroglioma, were established in culture and propagated in vitro. The mixed glioma strain (75SD-G-376) and the astrocytoma line (75SD-G-420) were repeatedly subcultured, cloned at passage 90 and 120 and designated as 75SD-G-376C and 75SD-G-420C clone, respectively. The growth rate of the oligodendroglioma cell strain (77LE-G-180) was very low and the cells died off after the 5th in vitro passage. The glial nature of all lines was ascertained by demonstrating the presence of the S-100 protein in the culture cells. 2 1/2 years after the establishment in vitro of the 75SD-G-376 and 75SD-G-420 primary cultures, mass cultures as well as clones derived from them are still producing S-100 and thus are clearly comparable to the primary cultures, at least in this respect. From a morphological standpoint based on light microscopy, cells of clonal lines with relatively few and short processes differ, however, from cells of primary cultures and their uncloned lines. Therefore, the cell morphology of these clones can be viewed upon as a form of adaptation to the in vitro conditions. It can be concluded that permanent cell lines with well-defined properties can be grown from experimental brain gliomas successfully established in culture and maintained in vitro.
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PMID:Selected morphological immunocytochemical and growth characteristics of three experimental rat gliomas and of their cells in vitro. 43 44

A massive left intracerebral hematoma was surgically evacuated from a 2-week-old infant. Pathological examination showed that the hemorrhage had developed within a fibrillary astrocytoma. Neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage should raise the question of congenital tumor because such a hemorrhage in this age group is rarely the result of trauma, bleeding diathesis, or vascular malformation.
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PMID:Congenital astrocytoma presenting with intracerebral hematoma. Case report. 44 33

26 patients, average age of 7.3 years, has biopsies of a brain stem tumor. 62% of the patients presented with hydrocephalus, and ventriculoperitoneal shunts were placed 7-10 days prior to biopsy. The midbrain was biopsied 13 times, the pons 3 and the medulla 12 times. Tissue for histopathologic examination was obtained at each operation and demonstrated astrocytoma in 13 patients, glioblastoma in 6, 'no tumor seen' in 5 and ependymoma in 2. Astrocytomas were usually located in the upper brain stem, and all of the glioblastomas were located in the medulla. The operative mortality was zero, and the morbidity was largely related to increased cranial nerve deficit. All the astrocytoma patients were treated with radiation only; whereas, 4 patients with glioblastoma were treated with vincristine, CCNU and methylprednisone in addition to radiation as described by the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCG-944). 3 patients with 'no tumor' were not treated and are alive and well 15-41 months following operation. 2 patients with no tumor were treated, one as a glioblastoma multiforme, subsequently verified at postmortem examination, and one as a midbrain astrocytoma. 1 patient with astrocytoma died 3 months following operation, all the remainder are living and well 4-51 months following operation. Irrespective of the treatment, all 7 patients with glioblastoma expired within 9 months of diagnosis. The prognosis for survival for patients with brain stem astrocytoma is superior to those with glioblastoma multiforme. Specific histopathologic correlation with clinical management may lead to improved and prolonged survival for patients with brain stem glioma.
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PMID:Biopsy of pediatric brain stem tumors. 45 7

A 41-year-old man had a 6 x 6 x 5-disk diameter amelanotic tumor in the posterior fundus. The clinical and fluorescein angiographic appearance suggested a benign retinal vascular tumor, although amelanotic choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma were diagnostic possibilities. An incisional 48-hour radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake test was performed and the result showed an increased uptake over the tumor mass of 100% as compared to the control quadrants. The globe was enucleated and the pathologic diagnosis was isolated astrocytic glioma of the retina with minimal, if any, malignant potential. The highly developed vascular system of the tumor probably contributed to the false-positive test result.
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PMID:Retinal astrocytoma. 46 11

Sera from 28 patients with renal cancer were tested for reactivity with surface antigens of cultured autologous renal cancer cells. Four serological assays were used to survey sera for autologous antibody. Immune adherence, protein A, and C3-mixed hemadsorption assays detected reactivity in a high percentage of patients (80-100%), whereas mixed hemadsorption assays were negative with sera from all but one patient. Reactive sera from six patients were analyzed by absorption tests with autologous, allogeneic, and restricted to autologous renal cancer cells; class 2 antigens, present on certain allogeneic renal and nonrenal cancer cells; and class 3 antigens, found on a wide variety of normal and malignant cell types. The sera of one patient detected class 1, 2, and 3 antigens, the sera of three patients detected class 2 antigens, and the sera of two patients detected class 3 antigens. This analysis of renal cancer, with the recognition of three classes of surface antigens recognized by autologous sera, resembles the results of autologous typing of three other human malignancies: malignant melanoma, acute leukemia, and astrocytoma. Evidence provided by autologous typing of these cancers indicates that class 1 and class 2 antigens are tumor-restricted and that under certain circumstances these antigens are immunogenic for the autologous host.
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PMID:Cell surface antigens of human renal cancer defined by autologous typing. 47 62

In previous work reported from this laboratory we found that diphenylhydantoin (DPH) inhibited the growth of 7 of 10 tissue-cultured human astrocytoma cell lines in a microtiter system. In this report we describe significant growth inhibition by DPH of two murine astrocytoma tissue cultures and correlate these in vitro findings with the in vivo activity of DPH in rat subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models. In the in vivo studies, rats were inoculated either subcutaneously or intracranially with RT9 or C6 rat gliomas. DPH or placebo was injected intraperitoneally in doses ranging from 50 to 150 mg/kg daily for 15 days. The DPH-treated rats showed significantly slower rates of tumor growth than untreated rats (p less than 0.01) in both the subcutaneous and intracranial models. At sacrifice, the tumor volume of the rats with subcutaneous tumors treated with DPH (100 mg/kg daily) was 62% less than the tumor volume of the control rats. Also, the number of "clonogenic" cells and thus, indirectly, the number of actively dividing tumor cells was 54% less in the intracranial tumors of the DPH-treated rats. These findings indicate that DPH may be a potentially useful adjunctive agent in the clinical chemotherapy of astrocytic tumors. Furthermore, the data presented indicate that in vitro test results are predictive for in vivo effects, supporting the idea that tissue culture can be used to screen for the effectiveness of clinically used chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Growth-inhibitory effect of diphenylhydantoin on murine astrocytomas. 48 31

A 3 1/2-year-old girl with a huge optic glioma was reported. On February 26, 1978, she was hospitalized for signs of increased intracranial pressure, namely headache, vomiting and consciousness disturbance. Before admission she did not complain of her visual disturbance. A huge mass lesion in the subfrontal-suprasellar region was found by neuroradiological examination. The operation was performed on March 7, 1978, and the tumor arising from the right optic nerve, about 170 grams in weight, was totally removed in piecemeals. Histopathological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. Immediately after operation diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia developed, but two months later these symptoms disappeared. Post-operative CT scan demonstrated no mass lesion in the subfrontal-suprasellar region. After radiation therapy, she was discharged with slight left hemiparesis on August 31, 1978. Though her right eye was blind, visual acuity remained 0.2 in the left eye. No other neurologic deficits could be found.
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PMID:[Giant optic glioma--case report (author's transl)]. 49 74


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