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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic anterior mediastinal mass. Clinically considered to be a thymoma, the tumor was solid, firm, and composed of hypocellular dense collagen and cytologically bland, spindled fibroblastlike cells growing in a patternless pattern. There was no apparent connection to pleura or pericardium, yet the clinicopathologic features clearly fit with solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of mediastinum. SFTs occur most commonly in pleura but have been reported in other locations, including the mediastinum, where aggressive behavior has been more common when these tumors are compared to those occurring in pleura. Although it is difficult to predict behavior for all cases of SFT occurring in the mediastinum by cytologic features alone, morphologic criteria for benign and malignant forms have been described. Roughly half the malignant forms will progress, yet the single most important indicator of clinical outcome is whether the tumor can be initially totally excised.
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PMID:Solitary fibrous tumor of the mediastinum. 175 6

This is a retrospective study of 37 patients with endometrial carcinoma and presence of tumor on endocervical curettage (clinical Stage II). We intended to correlate the presence or absence of endocervical stromal invasion with the clinical behavior and other prognostic factors. Based on the endocervical curettage, three categories (CAT) were defined: CAT I: tumor fragments only (seven cases); CAT II: endocervical tissue and free-floating tumor fragments (13 cases); and CAT III: endocervical tissue and tumor with evidence of stromal invasion (17 cases). Five tumors were partly of clear cell and/or papillary serous types and three of them belonged to CAT I. Six of seven tumors with a nuclear Grade 3 were in CAT III (p less than 0.05). Nine patients had local recurrence, metastases, or died of their disease (median follow-up: 56 mo) and seven of them were in the CAT III (p less than 0.05). We conclude that despite the presence of tumor on the endocervical curettage, the lack of endocervical tissue invasion is associated with a lower nuclear grade and a less aggressive behavior. These tumors should be regarded and treated as Stage I disease. Special attention must be paid to staging of clear cell and papillary serous adenocarcinomas because of the tendency for these tumors to contaminate the endocervical curettage.
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PMID:Endocervical involvement by endometrial carcinoma on fractional curettage: a clinicopathological study of 37 cases. 175 76

Six squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva (SCV) were karyotyped in short-term culture and in early passages as established cell lines. Each tumor was cytogenetically distinct, contained multiple chromosome rearrangements, and was karyotypically stable in culture. Heterogeneity within individual tumors was manifested by the presence of more than one clonal population, but the clones within each tumor were closely related to one another. Seven consistent chromosome abnormalities found in five of the six tumors were: losses of 3p14-cen, 8pter-p11, 22q13.1-q13.2, and the short arm of the inactive X; chromosome gains involving 3q25-qter and 11q21; and rearrangement breakpoints at 5cen-q12. Ten additional chromosome changes were observed in four of the six SCVs, and together, 22 changes occurred in at least three of the tumors. Two specific losses, 10q23-q25 and 18q22-q23, were present in all four tumors that exhibited biologically aggressive behavior in vivo, but these losses were not found in the tumors of the two long-term survivors. These findings indicate that: 1) SCVs are genetically complex, but homogeneous; 2) loss of 18q22-q23 and loss of 10q23-q25 may be associated with a poor prognosis; and 3) development and progression of SCV appear to result from cumulative effects of altered gene dosage at multiple, consistent loci.
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PMID:Consistent chromosome abnormalities in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 177 13

Research in biobehavioral oncology has been focused on stress as one dispositional factor in the multifactorial origin and in the clinical progression of malignant disease. New insights into the transduction of environmental influences to the immune system and to other body systems by the brain and neurotransmitters have increased the salience of this approach. Behavioral medicine in the area of cardiovascular disease has been successful due to the introduction of a "Type A" or coronary prone behavior pattern in large epidemiologic studies. This pattern is marked by both psychologic and physiologic hyperresponsiveness. Type A persons appear to be hostile, easily angered, competitive and hard-driving. More recently, behavioral oncologists have similarly attempted at conceptualizing a "Type C" or biopsychosocial cancer risk pattern, as they have noted the denial and suppression of emotions, in particular anger. Other features of this pattern are "pathological niceness", avoidance of conflicts, exaggerated social desirability, harmonizing behavior, over-compliance, over-patience, as well as high rationality and a rigid control of emotional expression ("anti-emotionality"). This pattern, usually concealed behind a facade of pleasantness, appears to be effective as long as environmental and psychological homeostasis is maintained, but collapses in the course of time under the impact of accumulated strains and stressors, especially those evoking feelings of depression and reactions of helplessness and hopelessness. As a prominent feature of this particular coping style, excessive denial, avoidance, suppression and repression of emotions and own basic needs appears to weaken the organism's natural resistance to carcinogenic influences. This may mean that the excessive use of denial and suppression/repression has important psychophysiologic effects linked to tumor biology and host-defense. Recent studies reveal that psychosocial stressors which are met by inadequate and repressive coping styles are associated with changes in immunocompetence, including both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Relationships between different immune parameters (natural killer cell activity, lymphocytes, serotonin uptake, mean platelet volume) and mood states, psychological coping styles and personality variables are outlined. Recent findings indicate also that in certain malignancies (eg. breast cancer) the clinical course of the disease is influenced by psychosocial factors and coping style, as well as that the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis is influenced by the type and duration of a given stressor. Individuals with a more favorable outcome have higher fighting spirit, a greater potential for aggression and lesser suppressive tendencies. Psychological intervention in cancer patients in its different forms and within the frame of the over-all treatment has now become a matter of scientific discussion and research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Stress, cancer and immunity. New developments in biopsychosocial and psychoneuroimmunologic research. 178 8

What is the clinical significance of the expression by common human carcinomas of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen? Described as a terminal disaccharide which is a precursor of MN blood group antigens, it was discovered as a laboratory curiosity 60 years ago, yet its cancer-association has only been appreciated in the last two decades. It is cryptic in the membrane of various normal cells, but can be found overtly expressed early during malignant transformation. It thus has potential as a target antigen for monoclonal antibodies for the detection of cancers, both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have described its expression in relation to tumor grade, metastasis and likelihood of relapse or tumor aggression, and attempts have been made to define its prognostic significance, but generalization is difficult because of differing trends in expression on different types of cancers. TF is immunogenic, and perhaps even immunomodulatory in patients with cancer. We have used natural and synthetic TF and related antigens to study this immunomodulation in an animal model. Natural TF can be either immunogenic or immunosuppressive. In an appropriate formulation synthetic TF can be used in an 'immunotherapeutic vaccine' to significantly prolong the lives of animals which have an otherwise lethal mammary cancer. We are now testing similar immunotherapeutic vaccines in humans with cancer, and have induced an immune response to synthetic TF, the same serum also reacting with cancer cells known to express TF. The clinical significance of TF may be the immune response it induces, either tolerizing a patient to a cancer or stimulating an effector response to a cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical significance of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. 181 Apr 70

We have made progress in the therapy of AIDS-related malignancies, although it is obvious that our treatment strategies, at present, are not--by any measure--satisfactory. Effective treatment should take into account the pathogenesis and etiology of the malignancy; immune and performance status of the patient; the rate of progress of the tumor; the presence or risk of developing life-threatening opportunistic infections; associated hematologic, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal abnormalities; the toxicities of treatment; and, most importantly, the patient's desire for treatment. Aggressive supportive measures must be used. With optimal management, it should be increasingly possible to improve the outcome of patients with AIDS-related malignancies.
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PMID:Treatment strategies for AIDS-related malignancies. 183 47

Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a rare trophoblastic neoplasm with the potential for metastatic disease and death. Difficulty diagnosing these tumors and predicting their biologic behavior has clouded attempts to successfully outline individual treatment plans. This review details current knowledge of the origin and clinical behavior of this rare form of trophoblastic disease. The use of various markers to predict clinically aggressive behavior is reviewed critically, and treatment is recommended on the basis of recently published clinical series.
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PMID:Placental site trophoblastic tumor. Diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment. 184 95

The biological behavior and appropriate therapy of recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCCA) is controversial, with some studies suggesting that this tumor becomes more aggressive with each recurrence, and other studies indicating that the majority are aggressive from the onset. The authors studied the histologic evolution of BCCA by comparing 29 original tumors with their subsequent recurrences to determine if there were any predictable histologic changes. There were borderline statistically significant changes only in degree of fibrosis, prominence of nucleoli, and mitotic frequency. There were no statistically significant changes in any of the other parameters, including those that were shown previously to be predictive of recurrence or aggressive behavior. The results of this study clearly indicate that the majority of recurrent BCCAs are aggressive from the onset, and that in many cases this can be predicted from the histomorphology of the original tumor.
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PMID:Histologic evolution of basal cell carcinoma recurrence. 186 54

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a significant problem in the geriatric population. The most common causes of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly patients are ruptured aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. Aggressive therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is warranted in many patients whereas conservative treatment of arteriovenous malformations is customarily warranted in this age group. Less common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage in geriatric patients include tumor bleeding, bleeding diathesis, and systemic illnesses. A number of these considerations must be kept in the differential diagnosis of any subarachnoid hemorrhage in a geriatric patient.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly patients. 186 11

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a well known lesion on the metaphyse of lung tubular bones or on the spine. Unusually, it is detected on the skull and more rarely again on the temporal bone. The authors, talking about the eleven cases they have found in the literature and two recent personal cases, try to describe the main diagnostic dates of this temporal lesion which one has never known if it is a real tumor or a reactional dystrophic pseudotumor secondary to an intrabone circulatory incident, perhaps a phlebitis. As for all other locations, these temporal bone forms are more frequently encountered among adolescents or young adults and, because their blowing bone effect, give clinical signs which directly result from their aggressive behavior on the surrounding structures, in this particular location: temporal fossa swelling, otologic, ophthalmologic or stomatologic symptoms, facial or trigeminal nerves troubles and rarely central neurological signs. On CT-scan, it appears as a space-occupying lesion located in the temporal fossa, with a blowing bone aspect, with intracranial and infratemporal expansions. This CT scan lesion is heterogeneous and contrast enhanced except in its center which is hypodense, as a cyst. The MRI shows comparable pictures. Its total excision, made easier by a preoperative embolization, gives a total and definitive recovery.
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PMID:[Aneurysmal temporal bone cyst. Apropos of 2 new cases]. 188 9


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