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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin were determined in extracts of tumors of 27 patients with pancreatic islet cell neoplasia of pancreas, in one patient with nesidioblastosis, in extracts of uninvolved portions of the pancreas in 11 of the tumor patients and of 15 control pancreases. Mean insulin concentration in solitary adenomas and in adenomas of patients with adenomatosis was higher than in control pancreases; however, in all but 1 patient the insulin concentration in neoplastic islet tissue was lower than in islet tissue of control pancreas, assuming islet volume is 1% of pancreas. The percentage of proinsulin was elevated in 52% of tumors. Adenoma insulin content correlated with increments of plasma insulin after tolbutamide administration. Insulin and proinsulin concentrations in pancreas uninvolved by tumor were not suppressed. Fasting plasma glucagon was elevated in patients with islet cell adenomatosis and in patients with islet cell carcinoma some of whom had multiple endocrine adenomatosis. The mean concentration of glucagon in tumors was lower than in control pancreases. Elevated concentration of gastrin was found in some adenomas. The data indicate: 1) insulin-secreting islet cell tumors have decreased storage capacity for insulin, 2) elevated concentration of proinsulin in tumors may be due to decreased capacity to store insulin and in some to decreased conversion of proinsulin to insulin as well, 3) tolbutamide stimulates the exaggerated release of a relatively constant fraction of insulin stored in adenomas. 4) solitary adenomas may contain excess amounts of pancreatic hormones in addition to insulin, 5) elevated plasma glucagon in patients with organic hyperinsulinism may indicate malignancy, microadenomatosis or multiple endocrine adenoma syndrome, and 6) chronic hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia due to adenoma do not suppress insulin and proinsulin content of uninvolved pancreas.
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PMID:Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin in pancreatic tumors and in plasma of patients with organic hyperinsulinism. 1 70

A pituitary adenoma was removed transsphenoidally from a 20-yr-old woman with secondary amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia. Light and electronic microscopy, immunocytology characterized a prolactin cell tumor. The patient also underwent three surgical explorations for hyperparathyroidism. Only after selective catheterization of thyroid veins with radioimmunoassay for parathormone, an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma was found. No other case of proven prolactin adenoma in Wermer's syndrome has been reported.
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PMID:[Endocrine polyadenomatosis associated with prolactin pituitary adenoma and an intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma]. 1 58

The tumor-forming endocrine cells of the pancreas belong to the APUD system. These cells are of neuroectodermal origin. The tumor can be diagnosed in most cases by a distinct clinical picture, and the diagnosis can be veryfied by direct hormone determination or/and by the biochemical disorders caused by the hormones. For localisation angiography, szintigrams, endoscopic pancreatography, and sonograms were used up to now without convincing results in many cases; computerized tomography promises to be the decisive examination in the future. Three hormones can, up to now, not yet be correlated with a distinct clinical picture specific for a pancreatic tumor. On the other hand, four tumors are responsible for a very typical clinical entity, the insulinoma, the glucagonoma, the gastrinoma, and the vipoma, as illustrated by our own cases. The surgical therapy consists mainly in enucleation of an adenoma or in partial pancreatic resection. Total pancreatectomy is indicated only in few cases. The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is treated best by total gastrectomy. Malignant tumors are sensible to streptozotozin.
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PMID:[Endocrine active pancreatic neoplasms]. 2 21

A polypoid tumor was surgically removed from the second part of the duodenum of a 56-year-old male. The main body consisted of large epithelioid cells arranged in an adenoma like pattern of strands and nests. These cells were argyrophil and had marked nonspecific esterase activity. Unmyelinated nerves with proliferated Schwann cells accompanied these epithelioid cells together with scattered gangliocyte like elements. Ultramicroscopically, the epithelioid cells were seen to contain round electron dense granules, 150 nm in diameter on average. The tumor is considered to be a nonchromaffin paraganglioma, as it probable developed from paraganglion cells associated with small arteries or branches of the vagus nerve, or from the undifferentiated pluripotent APUD cells of the duodenum.
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PMID:Polypoid nonchromaffin paraganglioma of the duodenum. 2 18

A patient initially showed symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in 1953 and was later found to have hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Peptic ulcer symptoms persisted after parathyroidectomy, and results of studies provided evidence of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Evaluation of the patient's family showed a classic pattern of multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1. The patient underwent total gastrectomy and excision of a gastrin cell adenoma in 1971 with relief of symptoms, but with persistent hypergastrinemia. He remained in good health until January 1976, when symptoms of hypoglycemia developed. Results of laboratory studies were compatible with the diagnosis of a pancreatic beta-cell adenoma. At the time of operation, an adenoma of the head of the pancreas was found. The tumor was excised; no other metastatic tumors were found. The tumor was compatible with a beta-cell adenoma and was found to contain high concentrations of insulin; there was no important amount of gastrin. Symptoms of hypoglycemia have entirely disappeared.
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PMID:Separate pancreatic gastrin cell and beta-cell adenomas: report of a patient with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1. 3 17

With 131 operated patients in the University Hospital of Urology in Zurich the indication for surgery in the 4 most frequent groups of adrenal disease is discussed. The preoperative localization of the tumor is exact in 96% of all cases with the serum examination in different stage of the vena cava. The appearance of hypertensive and hypotensive crises during surgery can be prevented with an adequate alpha-adrenergic blockade and volume replacement before and during the operation. In the surgery of Morbus Cushing we prefer the bilateral, dorsal incision on the 11th rib, if we haven't an unilateral adenoma. In the cases of Conn disease the removal of the whole surroundings of the adrenal gland is additionally indicated. The prognosis of the carcinoma of surrenal glands is poor, the adrenalectomy is difficult with regard to the early infiltration, the illness is seldom stopped on account of the frequent metastatic formation.
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PMID:[Surgery of the adrenals]. 3 4

A man of 38 years of age was found to have a type I endocrine polyadenomatosis in 1969. He was operated upon for removal of tumor of the islets of Langerhans with lymph gland metastases, and the head of the pancreas was removed. This was followed at a later date by ablation of two parathyroid adenomas. A clinically silent adenoma of the left adrenal was not removed and a silent and enclosed pituitary tumore was discovered. There were no clinical or hormonal signs of progression of the pancreatic tumor ten years later, but hypertension and behavioural disorders had developed. Catecholamine levels were normal. Selective blood aldosterone levels were just within significant values. A massive increase in prolactin secretion (more than 100 times the normal) was noted. This could be reduced by bromocriptine, and the possible role of prolactin in the behavioural disorders present is discussed.
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PMID:[Prolactin adenoma and Wermer's syndrome. A 10-year follow-up of a case with two parathyroid tumors, as adrenal adenoma, and a malignant pancreatic tumor (author's transl)]. 4 60

Light and electron microscopical examination of a pituitary adenoma showed that the tumor was composed of prolactin cells that produced amyloid-like material. The findings have been interpreted in favor of the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in amyloid fibril formation within the adenoma cells. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that the material produced by this tumor resembles apudamyloid rather than immunoamyloid.
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PMID:Pituitary adenoma producing amyloid-like substance. 5 61

The clinical and pathologic features of 43 primary adenacarcinomas of the small intestine (32 jejunal and 11 ileal) are reported. Seventy-four percent of the patients presented with partial or complete small bowel obstruction, 56% complained of abdominal pain, 37% had symptoms of anemia (weakness, easy fatigability), and 35% had lost weight. Anemic hemoglobin levels occurred in 69%, and a palpable abdominal mass in 25%. Treatment consisted of a "curative" or "palliative" resection, or a bypass procedure. Seventy-nine percent of the tumors showed an annular, constricting pattern, while the remaining 21% had a predominantly fungating or polypoid appearance. Three individuals currently free of clinical recurrence have been followed less than 5 years. Of the remaining 40 patients, a 5-year cure was achieved in 11 (28%), including 6 (15%) who at present have no recurrence and 5 (13%) who subsequently died of other causes. Within 5 years, 28 of these 40 patients (70%) were known or presumed dead tumor, and 1 had succumbed to other causes (2%). Various pathologic features were correlated with the clinical course. Documented lymph node metastasis proved to be the most valuable prognostic finding, 88% of these individuals dying of tumor, as contrasted to 45% of those with tumor-free nodes. A few cases of superficially invasive carcinoma found in an otherwise benign adenomatous lesion had a good prognosis when symptoms were produced mainly by the adenoma, the carcinoma being a relatively minor component.
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PMID:Primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and ileum. A clinicopathologic study. 5 95

Adenoid cystic carcinoma cells cultivated in monolayer and sponge matrix culture, or implanted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs, were observed morphologically, and the glycosaminoglycan components in the tumor tissue were analyzed. This tumor tissue contained a large amount of glycosaminoglycans, composed of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and a small amount of dermatan sulfate. In monolayer culture spindle cells proliferated vigorously as multilayer, and secreated mucinous material. In sponge matrix culture, the proliferating cells became embedded in the material produced by the cells themselves. A trace of fine fibers stained with orceine was observed in the intercellular material in culture. Histologic sections of the implants grown on CAM showed that the tumor cells arranged in various structures produced a large amount of mucinous material that spread into the stromal area without any contribution from the mesenchymal element. The morphologic and biologic characteristics of these tumor cells are quite similar to those of pleomorphic adenoma.
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PMID:Morphologic and biologic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma cells of the salivary gland. 6 17


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