Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

RU-486 or mifepristone is best known as an antiprogestin and an abortifacient, but it has broad medical applicability. The drug is also a potent blocker of corticosteroid receptors, and it has shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer, inoperable meningioma, and cushing's disease. Cushing's is a model for the symptomatology of aging which may involve enhanced response to corticosteroid. RU-486 has reversed the osteoporosis, thinning of skin, muscle atrophy, obesity, adult onset diabetes, depression, hypertension, and immunosuppression associated with this disease. RU-486 may be of value in aiding cervical dilation, lactation, and the treatment of endometriosis. In addition, breast, bowel, kidney tumors, hepatomas, endometrial cancer, and fibrosarcomas can show corticosteroid dependency, suggesting that RU-486 may have clinical value against inoperable tumors. In a preliminary 1987 phase I study, in estrogen-positive, chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer patients in Montpelier, France, Ru-486 produced objective tumor regression (6 of 22) that was prolonged (3 months) in 4 patients. Clinical relief of bone pain was observed in 7 of 23 patients with a decline in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor makers in 8 patients. Growing in vitro data also show that RU-486 can directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. RU-486 has application for HIV infection, based on data that there is a serum factor in AIDS patients that enhances corticosteroid lympholysis. IN addition, the immune restorative action of RU-486 suggests that it could counteract the immunosuppression seen in aging, in cancer, or in viral or stress-related disease, which has recently focused clinical attention on its potential in the treatment of senile dementia and depression. Scientific conferences and workshops are needed to alert scientists, physicians, and the public to the potential medical benefits of this drug.
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PMID:RU 486: how abortion politics have impacted on a potentially useful drug of broad medical application. 150 96

Activation of the immunity system commonly followed the development of viral diseases. Neopterin is evidently a marker of the activation. Elevation of neopterin levels in AIDS and tumor patients correlates with the severity of the disease. Radioimmunoassay of neopterin content was performed in the sera of 11 patients with virus B hepatitis (6 patients with its acute pattern, 3 with its acute pattern concurrent with delta-infection and 2 subjects with chronic active virus B hepatitis). Mean neopterin content in the sera of virus B hepatitis patients was 19.9 +/- 5.7 nM/l being significantly higher than that in donors (5.0 +/- 0.8 nM/l) (p less than 0.001). In this line neopterin levels higher than 9 nM/l (the upper normal limits) were identified in 63% of the patients. Mean content of beta-2-microglobulin in hepatitis patients was 3.3 +/- 0.53 mg/l being significantly different from that in donors (1.8 +/- 0.3 mg/l) (p less than 0.05). Association between higher neopterin levels and the severity of the disease was fully proved clinically, with the exception of the two expired persons whose neopterin levels were within normal limits. The data obtained evidenced an increase in neopterin levels associated with virus B hepatitis. It widened the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and permitted the determination of neopterin levels be used in correlation with clinical data as a prognostic value for the course of the disease.
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PMID:[Serum neopterin in hepatitis B]. 150 45

A case of a 27-year-old white male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had a maxillary sinus tumor with secondary orbital involvement was reported. Marked proptosis and distortion of the globe were present. Biopsy by the Caldwell-Luc approach disclosed an immunoblastic lymphoma of B-cell origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a maxillary sinus lymphoma extending into the orbit in a patient with AIDS.
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PMID:Orbital extension of sinus lymphoma in AIDS patient. 151 68

Diarrhoea is defined as the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. Most patients can easily recognise and accurately define acute diarrhoea as an abrupt change in their bowel habits. Chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is more difficult for the patient to define, since it may mean malabsorption, tenesmus or true diarrhoea. Serious disorders not to be missed include neoplasia, AIDS, various serious infections such as amoebiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Diarrhoea. 152 Jan 38

Tissues containing Hodgkin's disease (HD) are frequently infiltrated by large numbers of eosinophils. Because eosinophils as well as Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells express membrane receptors (CD23) for IgE, this study was performed to determine if IgE is present in tissue sections of HD and to correlate the results, when possible, with serum IgE levels and the presence of interleukin-5 (IL-5) messenger RNA (mRNA) in RS cells. Paraffin-embedded, B-5-fixed slices of 13 cases of HD, one case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related HD, seven cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia (including two cases from HD patients), and five cases of B-cell lymphomas were analyzed by a sensitive immunoperoxidase staining technique that used a murine monoclonal antibody specific for human IgE. In the benign hyperplastic lymph nodes and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, IgE was generally detectable only in rare plasma cells and in follicular dendritic cells. In 11 of the 14 cases of HD, including one case of AIDS-related HD, IgE was readily detectable within RS cells and variants and on the surrounding cells and connective tissue. These cases also had significant numbers of eosinophils, and IL-5 mRNA was detectable in three of the cases that were tested. Serum IgE was moderately elevated in the two serum specimens from HD patients that were available for analysis. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that some cases of HD contain abundant deposits of IgE, which may account for the extensive infiltration by eosinophils seen in this neoplasm.
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PMID:IgE in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease with eosinophilia. 153 40

The hypertriglyceridemia of infection is mediated by many of the cytokines that regulate the immune response, including the tumor necrosis factors, the interleukins and the interferons. In the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hypertriglyceridemia is most likely due to increased circulating levels of interferon alpha. Both in AIDS and in animal models there is no direct association between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and the syndrome of wasting. Rather, circulating lipoproteins may neutralize infectious organisms and therefore contribute to host defense.
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PMID:The role of the cytokines, interferon alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDs. 154 42

Oncostatin M, a cytokine produced by activated lymphoid cells, regulates the growth and differentiation of a number of tumor and normal cells. In contrast to its effects on normal endothelial and aortic smooth muscle cell cultures, Oncostatin M was a potent mitogen for cells derived from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). After exposure to Oncostatin M, AIDS-KS cells assumed a spindle morphology, had an increased ability to proliferate in soft agar, and secreted increased amounts of interleukin-6. Oncostatin M RNA and immunoreactive Oncostatin M protein were found in AIDS-KS-derived cell isolates. These results suggest that Oncostatin M may play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.
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PMID:Oncostatin M as a potent mitogen for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells. 154 93

An enlargement of the thymus suggesting a tumor was discovered in a 28-year-old man who had early-stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A biopsy was performed. The adipose involuted thymus, with persistence of many Hassall's corpuscles, was judged to be a large lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. This follicular hyperplasia was similar to that previously described for lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues at earlier stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection, before the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA and p24 human immunodeficiency virus protein were detected in the hyperplastic germinal centers (lymphocytes and follicular dendritic infected cells), and also in many cells that may have been either lymphocytes and/or epithelial cells in the interfollicular areas. The tissue was negative for Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences, as determined by the polymerase chain reaction. These observations identify the first state of infection of the thymus in a human immune deficiency virus-infected adult, preceding the severe involution with lymphoid depletion observed in all fatal cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in which the thymus has been analyzed.
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PMID:Thymic pseudotumorous enlargement due to follicular hyperplasia in a human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive patient. Immunohistochemical and molecular biological study of viral infected cells. 154 67

We report the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a 9-year-old girl. The pathologic diagnosis was made on a partial hepatectomy specimen and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. No human immunodeficiency virus-related nucleic acid was identified in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. Review of the AIDS-related literature reveals a rising incidence of tumors of smooth muscle origin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. This case study details the eighth pediatric AIDS patient with a tumor of smooth muscle origin and represents the 20th and the youngest patient with primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma to be reported in the world literature.
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PMID:Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 154 73

The observation that malignant cells express antigens that may be recognized by immunocytes and that immune effector mechanisms have the capability of destroying tumor cells has increased our appreciation of the biology of cancer and its relationship to immune function as well as offered new options for therapeutic intervention. Clinical trials are in progress to evaluate several different approaches to modifying the host's immune response against tumor. One approach is to administer agents that have direct activity against the malignancy. For example, antibody conjugates bring cytotoxic molecules of chemotherapy, radioisotopes, or toxins directly to the tumor. A second approach is to administer agents that modulate the host's own antitumor response such as IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy aimed at isolating and expanding the host's own tumor-specific lymphocytes and inducing activation and proliferation with lymphokines such as IL-2 has shown encouraging results. Even though clinical data are still quite premature, it is reasonable to assume that in the future immunomodulation including the stimulation of immune effector mechanisms to eradicate tumor, the reconstitution of immune deficiency in diseases such as AIDS, the suppression of immune function to avoid graft rejection and GVHD, and the isolation and insertion of genes encoding tumor antigens into recombinant vectors to immunize the host to the tumor antigen will be commonly and successfully employed.
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PMID:The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of cancer. 154 19


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