Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study of the clinical manifestations, progression, and outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women has begun in earnest. AIDS-defining diseases that are more common in women than in men include wasting syndrome, esophageal candidiasis, and herpes simplex virus disease, whereas Kaposi's sarcoma is rare. Non-AIDS-defining gynecological conditions such as vaginal candida infections and cervical pathology are prevalent among women at all stages of HIV infection. Associations have been documented between the presence of human papillomavirus, lower genital tract neoplasia, and HIV-related immunosuppression. Pregnancy has not been confirmed to have an effect on the clinical progression of HIV disease in women incremental to the effect of time. Differential access and utilization of therapeutic interventions appear to account for much of the reported gender discrepancy in survival. Well designed epidemiological and clinical studies will help further scientific knowledge leading to early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and timely prevention of the manifestations of HIV disease in women.
 ...
PMID:HIV disease and AIDS in women: current knowledge and a research agenda. 145 25

The ultrastructural features and the gene expression pattern of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) spindle cells in vivo suggest that KS is a tumor of the mixed cell type. The expression pattern of cytokines and cytokine receptors in the tumor lesion, together with the results obtained from in vitro characterization of KS-derived cells, provide evidence that paracrine mechanisms of growth factor action are important for the maintenance of KS. The reports on virus infection of KS cells suggest an indirect role of virus infection in the induction of KS, most likely mediated by immunostimulation and subsequent production of cytokines.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992 Oct
PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma: a review of gene expression and ultrastructure of KS spindle cells in vivo. 145 89

Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common tumor found in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This opportunistic neoplasm has characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease. Growth factors, cytokines, immune suppression, and interaction with infectious organisms all appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder. The manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma are protean, and lesions may appear at any time in the course of human immunodeficiency virus disease, remain localized and asymptomatic, or spread aggressively and cause morbidity. Treatment, which must be individualized, ranges from observation, local therapy with cosmetic makeup, and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or local intralesional injection of agents, to radiotherapy and systemic therapy with interferon-alpha and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Clinical aspects of Kaposi's sarcoma. 145 2

Approximately 3% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases present with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By 6 to 8 years after human immunodeficiency virus infection, lymphoma risk is elevated 100-fold, and the risk approaches 1% per year following acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis. The proportions presenting as lymphoma differ by age, sex, and race, with relative rates being higher in older persons, males, and whites. The differences are similar in magnitude and direction to those seen in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons and account for the variation by risk group. The relative risk of high-grade lymphoma is greatest, but significant increases are also seen for some intermediate-grade tumors. At diagnosis, persons with Burkitt's lymphoma, more common in children, have significantly higher average CD4 counts than those with immunoblastic tumors. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphoma risk is probably related to dysregulation of the immune system leading to uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cell clones and subsequent genetic accidents. Environmental factors are unlikely to be important. By 1994, 10% of all lymphomas will be human immunodeficiency virus related, but this proportion will increase in the future. New approaches to the therapy of lymphoma are needed for this tumor, which we can neither prevent nor adequately treat.
 ...
PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas. 145 3

The potential dangers of homologous blood transfusions are well known. Among the more serious complications of such therapy are hepatitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. As a result, blood conservation has become a topic of great interest to both physicians and patients. Numerous studies exist documenting the effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation, intraoperative autologous transfusion, hypotensive anesthesia, and postoperative blood salvage. Perioperative recombinant human erythropoietin is a promising new adjunct to these techniques. Careful surgical technique is crucial to the success of these complex modalities. In the absence of tumor, systemic infection, or gross wound contamination, these modalities should be considered when a spinal procedure is planned in which homologous blood may be required.
 ...
PMID:Blood conservation in spinal surgery. Review of current techniques. 147 Oct 2

To study host gene activation by retroviral promotor insertion, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed. This method allows a sensitive and selective detection of chimeric provirus-host gene transcripts, hallmarks of insertional activation events, which does not rely on an induction of tumor cell growth. We analysed HIV-1 infected cells of a CD4+ T-cell line (H9), infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cells in broncho-alveolar washes of AIDS patients. In each case, a variety of chimeric mRNA molecules were detected using a PCR amplification reaction and 5' primers specific to the HIV-1 LTR and 3' primers specific to poly A of mRNA. In infected H9 lymphocytes, a mRNA was identified encoding a putative protein of 145 amino-acids that was not expressed in uninfected H9 cells. This shows for the first time that HIV-1 can activate transcription of host cellular genes by promotor insertion in a fashion similar to slow-transforming avian and murine retroviruses.
 ...
PMID:HIV-1 promotor insertion revealed by selective detection of chimeric provirus-host gene transcripts. 147 86

Candidiasic laryngitis is a very rare Candida spp infection of mucosa, appearing typically in immunosuppressed patients, mainly in patients with neoplasia, and, recently, in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (VIH) infection. We present four cases of candidiasic laryngitis and HIV infection, as well as the clinical description and evolution of said cases after treatment with fluconazole. We review, as well, the cases published on the scientific literature. We maintain that in each HIV infected patient, with or without oral candidiasis, who shows dysphonia, candidiasic laryngitis should be ruled out.
 ...
PMID:[Candida laryngitis and HIV infection: description of 4 cases]. 147 41

We have retrospectively studied 35 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in 460 patients with AIDS (incidence of 7.6%) during a period of 10 years. All of them were males, with a mean age of 38 years. 88% of the cases belonged to the homosexual risk group. The tumor was the diagnostic criteria of AIDS in 25 patients. At the moment of the diagnosis, 4 patients were at stage I, 23 at stage II, 1 at stage III and 7 at stage IV, according to the Mitsuyasu's classification; 7 patients had systemic symptoms. The tumor was localized at the skin (34 cases), mucosa (16), digestive tract (7), lung (6) and ganglion (4). The immunological study revealed lymphopenia in 74% of patients, reduction of T4 lymphocytes ( < 0.5 x 10(9)/L) in 93% and inverted T4/T8 ratio in 96%. Sixteen patients received antitumoral treatment (8 with chemotherapy, 7 with interferon and 5 with radiotherapy). The response was stabilization of lesions in 8 cases, partial remission in 2 and progression in 3; in other 3 cases, such response was not assessed. The mortality was 48% and the average survival, 13 months. Opportunistic infections were the cause of death in most patients. Our results confirm the clinical and evolutive characteristics of the Kaposi's sarcoma associated to AIDS; disseminated cutaneous affectation with frequent visceral affectation, poor response to treatment and low survival associated to the presence of opportunistic infections. The lower incidence of tumor observed in our study is related to the different distribution of the risk groups for HIV in our country.
 ...
PMID:[A clinical study of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 148 64

A 60-year-old man with AIDS and active pulmonary tuberculosis presented with a rapidly growing chorioretinal tumor. Tuberculostatics had no effect on the tumor but radiation resulted in a quick decrease in its size. It is therefore believed to be a lymphoma. No biopsy was performed. An intraocular lymphoma in a patient with AIDS has not yet been described.
 ...
PMID:Presumed intraocular lymphoma in a 60-year-old man with AIDS. 149 92

The antiviral/antitumor marine alkaloid dercitin was used as a lead compound to design analogues with anti-HIV and tumor inhibitory activities. Deletion of structural features contributing to cytotoxicity led to analogues with lowered T-lymphocyte toxicity profiles. One compound, 5, induced complete protection against HIV-1 infectivity in vitro at 12.5 micrograms/mL (38 microM) without T-cell toxicity up to 400 micrograms/mL. Compound 4 and 5 also inhibited the binding of HIV-1 to H-9 lymphocytes. These compounds may exert antiviral activity by a unique dual extracellular and intracellular mode of action--both preventing viral attachment to lymphocytes as well as intercalating with viral nucleic acid. Analogues with higher cytotoxicity such as 2 which retain the thiazole ring of the natural product proved effective in completely inhibiting the cell proliferation of breast, colon, and lung tumor cell lines at 1.5 microM concentration compared to a 70 microM dose level of 5-fluorouracil. A means of molecular separation of antiviral activity from cytotoxicity was thus achieved, and putative pharmacophores for antiviral and antitumor actions of the prototype molecule dercitin have been deduced. The 2-thio-9-acridinone derivatives 4 and 5 represent a new structural type exhibiting activity against HIV in vitro, serving as chemical leads in the design of anti-AIDS agents, while thiazolo[5,4-b]acridines such as 2 provide leads in the drug design of new antitumor agents.
 ...
PMID:HIV-1 neutralization and tumor cell proliferation inhibition in vitro by simplified analogues of pyrido[4,3,2-mn]thiazolo[5,4-b]acridine marine alkaloids. 149 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>