Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ectopic ACTH syndrome is a clinicopathologic condition produced by certain tumors which release hormone that is indistinguishable from ACTH. It orginates the chemical and clinical anomalies characteristic of Cushing's syndrome by its action on the adrenal glands. The tumors may be present in any organ, though they are most frequently found in the lungs, thymus, pancreas or gastrointestinal tract. They may be benign or malignant, though usually the latter. Secretion of the hormone is completely autnomous; it is release in a way similar to that of the hypophysis. Not infrequently other hormones besides ACTH are also produced, such as MSH, serotonin, and CRF. Ectopic ACTH is of higher molecular weight than hypophyseal ACTH, which suggest it may be comprised of the latter bounded covalently to a peptide. The clinical course is rapid, so that not all of the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome develop. Moon face, osteoporosis, and obesity are typically lacking; melanodermia and hypokalemic alkalosis ofter appear. Laboratory data include an increase in ACTH and cholesterol concentrations, disappearance of the nictameral rhythm, and an increase in urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticoids and 17-ketosteroids. Stimulation and supression tests are abnormal. The prognosis is poor and the only possible treatment is a complete surgical removal of the tumor. Irradiation or chemotherapy could be applied as well as the correction of the adrenal hyperfunction by the administration of drugs or by total bilateral adrenalectomy.
 ...
PMID:[Ectopic ACTH syndrome (author's transl)]. 22 77

A specific marker for an immature population of thymus cells in the rat was shown by the rosette formation between thymus cells and guinea pig erythrocytes. This method was used to classify murine leukemia virus-induced rat lymphomas. Eight of nine Gross virus-induced rat lymphoma lines, which originated in the thymus, formed rosettes; whereas Friend, Rauscher, or Moloney virus-induced rat lymphoma lines, which originated in either the thymus, spleen, or mesenteric lymph nodes, did not form rosettes. The percentage of the total cells which formed rosettes in the Gross lymphoma lines decreased with in vivo passages. If the tumor cells were exposed to trypsin treatment, then the tumor cells would form rosettes. Lymphoma lines which lacked rosette-forming cells did not show rosette formation after trypsin treatment. An immunofluorescence test showed that none of the lymphoma lines induced by Gross, Friend, Rauscher, or Moloney viruses carried the surface immunoglobulin characteristic of B-cells. These results suggest that Gross lymphomas may be derived from the thymic cortex and that Friend, Rauscher, or Moloney lymphomas may be derived from either mature thymus cells (non-rosette-forming cells) or from a subpopulation of the B-cell series which does not have the surface immunoglobulin G receptor.
 ...
PMID:A thymus cell marker in murine leukemia virus-induced lymphomas of rats. 22 24

The in vitro susceptibility of chicken lymphocytes to a wild strains of infectious bursal disease virus was investigated by using immunofluorescence and virus assays as infection criteria. A variety of Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines, all of thymus (T-cell) origin, were refractory to virus exposure. However, a bursa (B-cell)-derived lymphoblastoid cell line from an avian leukosis virus-induced tumor was highly susceptible. Viral antigen appeared in the cytoplasm of 20 to 30% of the cells, and large amounts of cell-free virus were released, with maximum yields occurring by 3 days postinfeciton. The virus also replicated in a small percentage of normal lymphocytes prepared from lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood of chickens. Pretreatment of the lymphocytes, with heat-inactivated anti-B-cell serum or with antiserum against fowl immunoglobulin M before inoculating them with the virus blocked the virus infection; no blocking occurred with anti-T-cell serum or with specific antiserum against fowl immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin A. This suggests that surface immunoglobulin M-bearing B-lymphocytes were the target cells for infection.
 ...
PMID:In vitro replication of infectious bursal disease virus in established lymphoid cell lines and chicken B lymphocytes. 22 89

In the patient with clinically localized bronchogenic carcinoma, the pre-treatment peripheral blood lymphocyte count and the thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) level correlated with the prognosis of the tumor histology was either squamous cell, oat cell, or undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients whose pre-treatment lymphocyte count was less than 1,000/ml or whose T cell level was less than 750/ml either died or developed distant metastases by nine months after treatment of their localized tumor. By contrast, 55% of patients whose pre-treatment T cell level was greater than 750/ml were alive and without evidence of metastases nine months after treatment (P less than 0.02). Analysis of survival of these patients by the life-table method through the first post-treatment year further demonstrates the prognostic value of a low pre-treatment lymphocyte count or T cell level. The pre-treatment lymphocyte count and T cell level in patients with adenocarcinoma did not correlate with prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic value of pre-treatment lymphocyte count and T cell levels in localized bronchogenic carcinoma. 22 22

An apparently nononcogenic Marek's disease virus (SB-1) and turkey herpesvirus could be readily isolated from spleen, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens beginning 4 to 6 days after inoculation, but unlike infections with two isolates of oncogenic Marek's disease virus (JM-10 and CU-2), virus replication in these cells was rare, and necrosis in the organs was essentially absent. Splenic enlargement was observed regularly during the first 4 to 11 days after inoculation, and Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen was observed on splenic and other lymphocytes in the four viral inoculation groups. Cellular cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocytes was demonstrated in vitro with cultured Marek's disease tumor cells (MSB-1 lymphoblastoid cell line) as the target in a chromium-release assay. The four viral infections induced sensitized lymphocytes.
 ...
PMID:Comparative pathogenesis studies with oncogenic and nononcogenic Marek's disease viruses and turkey herpesvirus. 22 47

Arginine supplements were given to 6 week old CBA mice beginning 3 days prior to inoculation with a murine sarcoma virus, the Moloney Sarcoma Virus (MSV). Although the basal diet contained 1.8% arginine and was therefore not arginine-deficient, supplementation of the diet and the drinking water with 0.5% arginine HCl reduced tumor incidence, lengthened the latency period, decreased tumor size, and hastened tumor regression. Arginine also increased thymic weight and cellularity in normal and in MSV-inoculated mice. The antitumor action of arginine may be related to its effect on the thymus.
 ...
PMID:Supplemental arginine increases thymic cellularity in normal and murine sarcoma virus-inoculated mice and increases the resistance to murine sarcoma virus tumor. 23 Nov 21

The mean latent period for skin tumor production by the carcinogen 15, 16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta [alpha] phenanthren-17-one (Compound IVb) in the mouse was 30 weeks for a dose of 60 mug/week and about 45 weeks for 60 mug/week, while at 0.6 mug/week, no tumors were observed during 100 weeks. Simultaneous administration of the closely related noncarcinogen (IVa) (54 mug/week) together with the carcinogen at 60 mug/week had no effect on the mean latent period. Simultaneous administration of a threefold quantity of the microsomal enzyme inhibitor 7, 8-benzoflavone (I) with the carcinogen at the highest dose increased the mean latent period to 38 weeks, while at the intermediate dose it completely suppressed tumor formation. Neither ketone IVa nor IVb bound covalently to calf thymus DNA in vitro without prior metabolic activation. After incubation with rat liver microsomes and NADPH in the presence of air, both ketones bound covalently to added DNA in vitro, the noncarcinogen (IVa) about four times more extensively than the carcinogen (IVb), roughly in proportion to the overall extents to which these ketones were metabolized. In contrast, overall metabolism of the carcinogen (IVb) was somewhat increased by the addition of a threefold quantity of the inhibitor (I) to the incubation mixture, but binding to added DNA was almost completely prevented. These results are discussed in connection with the hypothesis that cellular DNA is the target of the carcinogen (IVb) for tumor initiation.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between metabolism, DNA binding, and carcinogenicity of 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta(alpha)phenanthren-17-one in the presence of a microsomal enzyme inhibitor. 23 32

The effects of cis dichlorodiammine platinum [cis Pt(II)], trans dichlorodiammine platinum (trans Pt(II)], cis tetrachlorodiammine platinum [cis Pt(IV)], trans tetrachlorodiammine platinum [trans Pt(IV)], and ethylenediaminedichloride platinum [Pt(II)en] on the absorption spectra, and thermal hyper- and hypochromicity of calf thymus DNA were investigated. Platinum-induced renaturation was studied as one parameter of interstrand cross-linking. Based on a DNA cross-linking hypothesis, the tumor-inhibitory platinum compounds cis Pt(II), cis Pt(IV) and Pt(II)en would be expected to induce renaturation following thermal denaturation, whereas the ineffective drugs, trans Pt(II) and trans Pt(IV) would not. All five bind to DNA in such a way as to induce renaturation. However, cis Pt(IV) requires at least a 3- to 4-fold longer incubation time than is required by the other compounds to form the coordination bonds necessary for renaturation. Maximum renaturation with all compounds was observed at a molar Pt/base ratio of 0.05 except cis Pt(IV), with which it was 0.25. The rate of the formation of the platinum-coordinated cross-links by fresh cis Pt(II) suggests two reactions or types of reactions occur. The first is rapid and destabilizes the DNA helix, whereas the second is slow and responsible for renaturation following thermal denaturation. These results suggest that cis Pt(IV) may be activated cellularly and that cross-linking is not the primary mechanism of action of the tumor-inhibitory platinum compounds.
 ...
PMID:Renaturation effects of cis and trans platinum II and IV compounds on calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid. 23 1

Long-term monolayer cell cultures have been prepared from tumor nodules in spleens removed from 28 patients with Hodgkin's disease and from 84 spleens that did not have tumors from Hodgkin's disease patients, normal adult spleens, and human fetal spleens and thymuses. After 5 to 20 serial passages in culture, cells from nine of the Hodgkin's disease monolayers underwent morphologic change in vitro with transition from a spindle and reticular pattern of replication to polygonal and round cells that propagated in mosaic arrays. Four of such Hodgkin's disease monolayer cell lines were injected subcutaneously into 43 nude, athymic mice. In 36 animals (84%), neoplasms developed at the inoculation site that werel ocally destructive, capable of pulmonary metastasis, and eventually fatal to the recipients. Transplanted tumors were not observed in 18 athymic mice injected with cultures prepared from normal human adult spleen and fetal spleen and thymus, nor were tumors seen in 16 similar animals that received fresh, noncultured Hodgkin's disease tumor tissue. On microscopic examination, xenografts derived from Hodgkin's disease cultures were pleomorphic malignant neoplasms composed of large, undifferentiated cells, resembling reticulum cell sarcoma. These neoplasms did not involve the lymphoreticular organs of mice. Chromosome studies indicated that the transplanted neoplasms were composed of human cells with an aneuploid karyotype and that monolayer cultures prepared from the heterotransplants contained a karyotype similar to that of the cultured cells prior to passage in mice. The ability of these Hodgkin's disease cell lines to produce invasive tumors with human karyotypes in nude mice is evidence of the neoplastic nature of the monolayer cells and their relationship to the malignant cell of the human disorder.
 ...
PMID:Growth of cultured cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease and transplantation into nude mice. 26 39

The incidence and latency periods for local tumor development after sc injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) into 30-day-old nude mice (nu/nu partially inbred on the CBA/H background) derived from homozygous matings (nu/nu times nu/nu) or heterozygous matings (nu/+ times nu/+) were comparable and did not differ with the immunologically normal controls, even when the carcinogen dosages ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 mg. Similarly, no differences in tumor incidence or latency periods between nude mice from homozygous or heterozygous matings as well as their immunologically normal controls were observed when weight-adjusted doses of MCA equivalent to 0.02 to 0.10 mg in the 30-day-old mice were administered at 120, 210, or 360 days of age. Tumor incidence was lower in nude mice and normal mice when MCA was administered at 210 and 360 days of age, especially in mice given the lower dose of MCA. The lower dosages of MCA (0.01-0.05 mg) had no detectable immunodepressive effects in normal mice. Thus the "normal" tumor incidence in nude mice after MCA administration could not be attributed to: 1) the effect of humoral thymus gland function (in the nude mice derived from heterozygous matings), 2) the immunodepressive effects of the carcinogen (the lower MCA dosages are not immunodepressive), or 3) the age of the mice at administration. These results argue against the thymus dependency of immunologic surveillance.
 ...
PMID:Chemical carcinogenesis in nude mice: comparison between nude mice from homozygous matings and heterozygous matings and effect of age and carcinogen dose. 28 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>