Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report intracranial fibrosarcoma which developed after radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. A 16-year-old boy was admitted with swelling of his left eyelid as his chief complaint on September 10, 1987. He had a past history of bilateral retinoblastomas at one year of age, which was treated by bilateral ophthalmectomy and postoperative radiotherapy; 50 Gy to right eye and 60 Gy to left eye. Until fifteen years old, he had no trouble except blindness. On admission, a dumb-bell type huge tumor with the destruction of the orbital roof was demonstrated on CT scan and MRI. The tumor was composed of solid orbital tumor and cystic tumor located in the left frontal lobe. On September 18, partial removal of the orbital tumor and evacuation of the intracranial cyst following embolization of the left external carotid artery was performed. The histological diagnosis of the tumor was fibrosarcoma. For the residual tumor, combined radiochemotherapy was carried out. The patient was treated with intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2 of cisplatin and 60 mg/m2 of VP-16 daily for five days and then whole brain radiotherapy of 26 Gy. On March 27, 1988, he obtained a complete remission of the tumor and was discharged without neurological deficit except blindness. In this case, we have presented a radiation-induced secondary tumor after a treatment of bilateral retinoblastomas. Although the tumor was highly proliferative and invasive fibrosarcoma, we could control it well by multimodality treatment including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. It is noteworthy that combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and VP-16 was effective against this type of tumor.
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PMID:[Intracranial fibrosarcoma fifteen years after radiotherapy in bilateral retinoblastomas: effect of combined chemotherapy with cisplatin and VP-16]. 281 66

Thirteen patients with biopsy proven hepatic lymphoma (2 Hodgkin, 11 Non-Hodgkin) and a control group of 15 patients with hepatic metastases were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by MRI. Focal hepatic lymphoma was most reliably detected (eight of eight patients) and appeared hypointense relative to liver on T1 weighted (CNR - 7.4 +/- 2.3) and hyperintense on T2 weighted (CNR + 8.4 +/- 2.9) images. The mean T1 and T2 relaxation times of focal hepatic lymphoma (T1 = 832 +/- 234 msec, T2 = 84 +/- 16 ms) differed significantly from adjacent non-tumorous liver (T1 = 420 +/- 121 ms, T2 = 51 +/- 9 ms; p less than 0.05), however CNR values and relaxation times were similar to those of hepatic metastases. Diffuse hepatic lymphoma (microscopic periportal infiltration) was undetectable by MRI in three patients by either morphologic features or quantitative criteria. A mixed pattern of hepatic lymphoma (focal lesions and diffuse infiltration) showed focal areas of slightly decreased signal intensity on T1 weighted images (CNR = -1.7 +/- 0.4) while T2 weighted images revealed multiple regions of focal hyperintensity (CNR = +13.3 +/- 8.4) superimposed on a diffusely hyperintense liver. Our experience demonstrates that either T1 or T2 weighted techniques are useful in detecting focal and that T2 weighted techniques are useful in detecting mixed hepatic lymphoma. Conventional image derived relaxation time measurements and quantitative parameters were of no additional diagnostic value.
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PMID:MRI of hepatic lymphoma. 306 98

Metastases are the most frequent malignant tumors of the kidney, but these lesions are of late onset in neoplastic disease. The 19 cases reported here were all investigated with various imaging techniques (CT 12 cases, ultrasonography 12 cases, urography 8 cases, angiography 2 cases, MRI 1 case). The most common primary malignancies were lung cancer, melanoma and cancer of the contralateral kidney. In this series, 8 of the lesions were solitary, and 9 were unilateral. Tumor vascularity was evaluated in 15 cases: 14 of these lesions were hypovascular. The differential diagnosis includes small cysts, lymphoma, bilateral renal cancer, multiple small abscesses and multiple small infarcts.
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PMID:[Imaging of renal metastases]. 307 17

Currently, the morphology of the adrenal glands can be demonstrated by different tomographic techniques: CT, MRI and ultrasound (US). The choice of the imaging modality and the examination procedure mainly depend on the suspected disease. In general, CT and MRI are superior to US due to the excellent visualization of the adrenals in nearly all circumstances, whereas sonography is strongly dependent upon the experience of the radiologist. Up to now CT is the procedure of choice in the evaluation of adrenal diseases with only minimal morphological disturbance, for example Conn's syndrome and hyperplasia. MRI and CT are nearly equivalent in the detection of adrenal masses larger than 2 cm in diameter, such as in Cushing's adenoma or pheochromocytoma. MRI has advantages compared with CT in the capability of tissue characterization, multiplanar imaging and in the visualization of blood vessels. For this reason MRI seems to be suitable for the distinction between adenomas and adrenal metastases.
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PMID:[Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in adrenal gland diseases]. 307 52

Both CT and MRI address the pertinent clinical issues in the management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract and neck, and are crucial to staging, treatment, and follow-up. By combining the clinical assessment of primary mucosal extent with the objective information provided by CT or MRI about deep tissue extension of the primary tumor and any nodal metastases, accurate assessment of the actual pretreatment primary tumor and nodal stages is possible. With this objective picture of tumor extent, decisions about surgery and radiotherapy can be made for primary and recurrent tumors, as well as for nodal metastases.
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PMID:Imaging tumors of the central nervous system and extracranial head and neck. 311 51

Twenty patients with advanced malignant melanoma received daily intramuscular recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A, Roferon-A, Hoffmann-Laroche, Nutley, NJ) concomitant with recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma Genentech, South San Francisco, CA). During the first week alpha dose was 2 X 10(6) U/m2 and the gamma dose was 0.01 mg/m2 with escalations, if clinically tolerable, during the second week to 5 X 10(6) U/m2 and 0.025 mg/m2, respectively. Twelve patients received the escalated doses; subsequent granulocytopenia and a flu-type illness were severe in four of the 12. We observed one partial response of MRI-documented and biopsy-confirmed osseous metastases for 7+ months. For all study participants, the median time to progression was 1 month with a median survival of 6 months. From the dose and schedule which we utilized, concurrent rIFN-alpha A and rIFN-gamma provided little impact on advanced malignant melanoma.
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PMID:A phase I-II trial of the combination of recombinant leukocyte A interferon and recombinant human interferon-gamma in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. 314 75

For the early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor, careful and long-term follow-up is important when the primary tumor has already been found. Metastatic brain tumor should be suspected whenever neurological symptoms develop in such a patient. In the cases of lung cancer or lung metastases, CT scan of brain should be taken even if the patients have no neurological symptoms, because lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the brain and other cancers metastasize to the brain via the lung. When the primary sites are unknown, primary brain tumors should be distinguished. Relatively rapid progression of symptoms including mental disturbance, multiple lesions on CT scan, lesions on chest X ray film, careful cerebral angiogram and MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor]. 317 5

Radiologic strategy for early detection of bone metastasis is discussed. Incidence, pathway, and radiologic manifestation of bone metastasis are briefly discussed. Bone scintigraphy is a mainstay for early detection of bone metastases, although its role as a part of staging procedure is debatable. Plain radiograph and CT scan are to be used to increase specificity of scintigraphic findings. For detection of spinal metastases CT scan is particularly useful and should be used whenever spinal metastases are suspected. MRI has become an important modality to see an extraosseous extension and marrow invasion of metastatic bone tumor.
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PMID:[Radiologic detection of metastatic bone tumors]. 317 6

In addition to conventional tomography, CT and MRI have been introduced into clinical pulmonary radiology in recent years. Involving little or no ionizing radiation, these two digital imaging methods offer well-defined sections that can be post-processed to analyze different anatomical compartments. MRI of the lung currently faces technical problems, in particular motion artifacts and low proton density, and is more expensive. Thus, it is still reserved for selected problems, e.g. lesion characterization or vascular pathology. CT has replaced conventional tomography for many indications. The performance of these imaging methods in clinical problem situations, such as obstruction of the central bronchial tree, solitary pulmonary nodules, metastases, larger focal lesions, or diffuse disease, is discussed. A rational approach to percutaneous lung biopsy is suggested.
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PMID:[Conventional tomography, computerized tomography and proton spin tomography in lung disorders]. 318 71

The authors report the contribution and the limits of CT and MRI in the thoracic and extrathoracic staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. From data of a personal study and of the literature, findings and performances of CT and MRI are reported and compared for the evaluation of mediastinal and parietal extension and in the detection of nodes and metastases. Their respective places and indications are underlined.
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PMID:[Contribution and limits of x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the extent of primary cancers of the bronchi]. 320 96


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