Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with focal liver lesions (18 metastases, 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma) were given manganese DPDP as part of a multicentric phase II study of paramagnetic hepatobiliary MR contrast media. 5 mumol/kg manganese DPDP were injected into 10 patients in a concentration of 50 mumol/ml or 10 mumol/ml (3 ml/min). Blood pressure, pulse rate, ECG, respiratory rate, body temperature, blood and serum parameters and the patients' subjective feelings were recorded. MRI was performed with 1.5 T using T1- and T2-weighted sequences. 6 patients reported 8 side effects (flushing, feeling of warmth, metallic taste); 7 of these were produced by the 50 mumol concentration. Two hours after injection there was a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase which was no longer present after 24 hours. On T1-weighted images manganese DPDP resulted in marked improvement in the contrast difference between the lesions and the liver parenchyma which resulted in a marked increase in the signal to noise ratio. Comparing the two concentrations, better results were obtained by the lower concentration. Extrahepatic uptake was found in the gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, kidneys, gastric mucosa and myocardium. Manganese DPDP in a concentration of 10 mumol/ml and a dose of 5 mumol/kg is a well tolerated contrast medium which improves the demonstration of focal liver lesions in view of its distribution and uptake. The mechanisms for the transitory side effects require further studies.
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PMID:[Manganese DPDP as a contrast medium for MR tomography of focal liver lesions. Tolerance and image quality in 20 patients]. 145 88

Normal bone marrow MRI has a distinct pattern with STIR pulse sequence MRI. The central low signal intensity area corresponds to fatty marrow. The red marrow is distributed in the peripheral portion of the vertebrae and shows a high signal intensity. Prostatic cancer metastases to the bone marrow revealed a high signal intensity with STIR. Prior to the appearance of an abnormal scintigram and radiograph, MRI was able to depict an abnormality.
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PMID:Bone marrow MRI in prostate cancer. 149 18

The purpose of our study was to assess the utility of CT and MRI in the staging of bladder carcinoma. The overall accuracy of MR is in the range of 66 to 85%. T2 weighted and post-Gadolinium T1 weighted images allow one to differentiate T1-T2 from T3a type of neoplasms. Perivesical fat invasion is well shown with T1w images while pelvic wall invasion is better seen on T2w--images. The overall accuracy of CT ranges from 64 to 92%. CT cannot distinguish stage T1 from stage T3a tumors CT is accurate for demonstrating perivesical fat invasion. In the assessment of lymph node metastases CT and MRI have low sensitivity but high accuracy. Trans-urethral sonography is more accurate than CT and MRI in the staging of parietal invasion and it permits the differentiation between T1, T2 and T3a stages even though the distinction between T2 and T3a type of tumors is not always possible. Trans-urethral sonography is not useful in assessing extravesical extension and lymph node metastases. In summary, trans-urethral sonography is the method of choice for evaluating parietal invasion. CT and MR are very accurate for evaluating perivesical fat invasion and are also quite accurate for evaluating lymph nodes. MRI is superior to CT in distinguishing tumors limited to superficial muscle from those that invade deep muscle. MRI can also be helpful in distinguishing the tumor from fibrosis and edema.
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PMID:[A comparison between intraurethral echography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance in the staging of bladder tumors]. 149 63

Five patients with adrenal tumors (20 metastases, 12 adenomas, 8 myelolipomas, 6 primary tumors, 4 pheochromocytomas, and 1 hyperplasia) were studied by means of MRI with SE sequences. Twenty of them underwent dynamic study with GE sequences after i.v. injection of paramagnetic contrast media. Sixteen of 20 metastases exhibited low signal intensity on T1 and high signal on T2. One patient had low signal on both T1 and T2. Two lesions in patients with melanoma showed high signal in T1; in 1 case, the lesion exhibited a hemorrhagic area. Signal from adenomas was low in T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences in 10/12 patients, while in the extant 2 cases signal was higher in T2. Myelolipomas had hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images in 5 cases and isointense signal with the renal cortex in the extant 3 cases. Pheochromocytomas and primary tumors appeared hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2. In 3 CT questionable cases, MRI showed the adrenal origin of the lesion. Dynamic study with GE sequences after Gd-DTPA injection showed low enhancement and fast washout in adenomas, while malignant lesions had higher enhancement and slower washout. In our study, MRI allowed to correctly characterize 11/12 adenomas, with only 1 false negative in a metastatic lesion.
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PMID:[Role of MR in characterizing expansive lesions of the adrenal gland]. 150 57

In order to investigate the value of MRI in the staging of renal cell carcinoma and to compare the results of MRI and CT, the authors evaluated by means of MRI and CT 42 patients affected with renal cell carcinoma. All patients underwent surgery, and pathology of the surgical specimens was performed. A comparison was made between the surgical and pathologic data and MRI and CT results. Moreover, a comparative evaluation of MRI and CT findings was also made. From the comparison between pathologic data and CT and MRI results MRI was seen to have correctly staged 36 of 42 cases (85%), versus CT 33 of 42 cases (78%). Moreover, MRI proved to be superior to CT in evaluating venous involvement (stages III A and III C) and extra-fascial tumor spread (stage IVA). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between MRI and CT in the evaluation of perirenal involvement (stages I-II) and lymph node metastases (stage III B). MRI misdiagnosed 6 of 42 cases: 2 false negatives in evaluating extracapsular tumor spread, 1 false positive of mesenteric infiltration, 1 false positive of renal vein thrombosis, 1 false positive and 1 false negative in evaluating lymph node metastases. CT misdiagnoses (9 of 42 cases) were the same as those of MRI in 5 cases, while in the MRI false positive of renal vein thrombosis CT was correct. The extant 4 incorrect CT findings were: 2 false positive of renal vein thrombosis, 1 false negative of infiltration of diaphragm and psoas muscle, 1 false positive infiltration of the right liver lobe. As yet, therefore, MRI cannot be routinely employed to stage all renal cancer patients. On the contrary, MRI should be considered as a second-choice diagnostic tool to employ in selected cases when CT alone cannot solve all the problems relative to staging.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance in the staging of renal carcinoma. The results compared with computed tomography in 42 cases]. 150 52

Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) of the liver is a very useful tool during surgery for gastrointestinal tumors or hepatic tumors. In a prospective study of 82 elective operations for 57 gastrointestinal tumors and 25 hepatic tumors or metastases, we compared IOUS with preoperative ultrasonography, CT-scanning and MRI. IOUS supplied additional information in 38% of the operations. In 22% of the cases, this had a major impact on the intraoperative strategy with an alteration of the procedure. IOUS has a higher detection rate of intrahepatic lesions, discriminates better between solid or cystic nature of the tumor and offers the possibility of performing a safe and radical hepatic resection by its ability to localize lesions in relation to vascular structures. IOUS is a safe and simple technique which will be more cost-effective than extensive preoperative evaluation of the liver. It provides a more complete clinical staging of patients for whom adjuvant therapy is considered after resection of a colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:The impact of intraoperative ultrasonography of the liver on the surgical strategy of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and hepatic metastases. 152 27

Of the 71 cases of thymoma reviewed, 31 were benign and 40 were malignant. Associated syndromes were common--myasthenia gravis 51% (36/71), red cell aplasia 3%, hypogammaglobulinemia 4%, mucocutaneous candidiasis 1%, and a number of other autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. These were almost equally distributed among benign and malignant tumors. A plain radiograph showing diffuse involvement of the mediastinum always indicates invasive (malignant) thymoma, while a localized pattern usually suggests a benign lesion (25 of 39 cases). Computerized tomography or MRI often gives additional information. An optimistic approach and aggressive radiotherapy are indicated in patients whose only metastatic disease is to one pleural space; prolonged survival is frequent in this group.
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PMID:Thymoma--report of 71 cases and a review. 157 Oct 88

Seven patients with metastatic tumour in the pituitary-hypothalamic axis were investigated by MRI. The main clinical problems were diabetes insipidus (5 cases) and general pituitary dysfunction (2 cases). No patient had visual or oculomotor symptoms. In 6 of the 7 patients the primary malignant tumour was known, but no patient had symptoms from the primary tumour; 1 had symptoms from metastases in locations other than the pituitary gland. In one patient no primary tumour was known. MR detection of a second, clinically silent, 5 mm lesion in the posterior cranial fossa initiated the search for primary tumour. MRI showed purely suprasellar tumours in 3 patients and intra- and suprasellar tumours in 4. The latter were dumbbell lesions with only a small bridge of tissue connecting the intra- und suprasellar portions. Six of the 7 suprasellar tumours seemed to be in the infundibular recess of the third ventricle; in 5 the infundibulum was visible as an enhancing linear structure at the postero-inferior border of the tumour. The pituitary fossa was normal in all cases.
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PMID:Metastases to the pituitary--hypothalamic axis. An MR study of 7 symptomatic patients. 160 11

The status of the cervical lymph nodes is the single most important prognostic factor in head and neck cancer, and the management of metastatic disease plays an important role in the treatment of carcinoma of the larynx. Clinical assessment of the neck is not very accurate, and the role of newer imaging techniques such as CT, MRI and Ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is being assessed, in order to improve upon the results of clinical palpation alone. The site of the primary tumour within the larynx is an important factor in affecting the frequency and the pattern of lymph node metastases to the neck. Indications for the use of surgery and radiotherapy for the elective and therapeutic management of lymph node metastases of carcinoma of the larynx are discussed with reference to the various sites of the primary tumour.
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PMID:Metastases of carcinoma of the larynx. 160 17

Forty women with breast cancer underwent imaging by internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IMLS), which was correlated with the results of CT and MRI of the chest. IMLS was performed and interpreted using the previously described methods of Ege. It identified 22 instances of ipsilateral internal mammary nodal involvement, none of which corresponded to cases of abnormally enlarged (diameter greater than 1.0 cm) internal mammary nodes on CT and/or MRI. Positive IMLS was associated with axillary nodal metastases in 15 out of 22 instances. The authors conclude that IMLS provides information on regional nodal spread of breast cancer that is not available with either CT/MRI imaging or axillary biopsy.
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PMID:Imaging of regional spread of breast cancer by internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy, CT, and MRI. 161 43


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