Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surface immunoglobulins were determined on human lymph node lymphocytes by the use of immunofluorescence technique in 59 breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy. In 10 of these cases, lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins were also studied on lymphocytes infiltrating the primary cancer mass. The most outstanding finding was a difference between the IgM lymphocyte populations in the lymph nodes of patients with and without lymph node metastases. When cancer tissue was present in one or more lymph nodes, the tumor-free as well as the tumor-positive nodes showed a higher percentage of IgM positive lymphocytes than did lymph nodes from patients without nodal metastases. The greatest difference was found when IgM lymphocytes from tumor-bearing lymph nodes were compared with those from the lymph nodes of patients without nodal metastases (p is less than .005). The lymphocyte populations infiltrating 5 of the 10 primary cancer masses studied showed no surface immunoglobulins; in the remainder, both IgG and IgM positive lymphocytes were found but in variable proportions. While the findings are not definitive, this is the first study dealing with the quantitation of immunoglobulin specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes in human breast cancer tissue and homolateral axillary lymph nodes. 108 36

A clinicopathologic study was done in 151 patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities who were surgically treated in Memorial Hospital and had 5-to 9-year followup. Microstaging was done according to the depth of invasion, as determined by Clark's levels as well as by direct measurement. This was related to treatment and to clinical course. There was a correlation between the depth of invasion by Clark's levels and the incidence of lymph node metastases in patients with Stage I melanoma who had elective node dissection. The incidence of nodal metastases was 4% for Level II, 7% FOR Level III, 25% for Level IV, and 70% for Level V. There was a correlation between Clark's level of invasion and survival aftter surgery. The 5-year cure rate was 100% for Level II, 88% for Level III, 60% for Level IV, and 15% for Level V melanoma. The presence of nodal metastases augured a much worse prognosis than Clark's level per se. In patients with Level IV melanoma, the 5-year cure rate was 82% in patients with negative nodes and 27% in those with nodal metastases after elective node dissection. Microstaging primary melanoma according to Clark's levels serves as a useful standard with which to compare surgical results. In this series of extremity melanomas there was no difference between local recurrence and lymphadenectomy for Level II melanoma. For Level III and Level IV melanoma, wide excision and lymphadenectomy gave higher cure rates than wide excision only, both at 5 and 9 years after surgery. The results were significant only for patients with Level III, however. Use of the measured depth of invasion added significant clinicopathologic information. The incidence of nodal metastases at elective node dissection was 5 to 9% for melanoma showing 0.6 to 2.0 mm of invasion, 22% for melanoma measuring 2.1 to 3.0 mm, and 39% for melanoma invading beyond 3.0 mm. The 5-year cure rate was 100% for melanoma measuring less than 1.0 mm, 83% for melanoma invading 1.1 to 2.0 mm, 58% for lesions measuring 2.1 to 3.0 mm, and 55% for melanoma invading over 3.0 mm. The microstage technique combining Clark's levels and the measured depth of invasion has an important use as a prognostic index and as a standard upon which to select treatment for primary melanoma of the extremities.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the extremities: a clinicopathologic study using levels of invasion (microstage). 111 35

The charts of 431 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx observed at the M.D. Anderson Hospital between January, 1954, and June, 1971, were analyzed. This study is concerned with those patients who had a technically resectable lesion. Emphasis is directed to the analysis of the effectiveness of primary irradiation instead of partial laryngectomy for those lesions which are technically suitable for a partial resection and to define the groups of patients which are best treated by combining surgery and planned postoperative irradiation. One hundred forty-seven patients with T1 and T2 lesions, selected exophytic T3 lesions of the suprahyoid epiglottis received irradiation for their laryngeal lesion. A satisfactory control of the laryngeal disease has been obtained with preservation of a normal voice ranging from 88.5 percent for T1 lesions to 60 percent for T4 lesion. Comparing the groups of patients who had surgery alone or postoperative irradiation an NED rate of 63 percent was found in the latter group which is clearly superior to the 37 percent found in the surgery only group. There is no difference for the five-year NED rates, because the patients who had surgery and postoperative irradiation had more advanced neck disease which is a cause for distant metastases. The incidence of recurrences above the clavicles is clearly less in patients having had surgery and postoperative irradiation than in those who had surgery alone. Correlating in the two groups, surgery only and surgery followed by planned irradiation, the surgical staging of the neck metastases with recurrences above the clavicles within 24 months after treatment, it was found that the planned combined treatment has reduced the recurrence rate from 45 percent to 15 percent in the N2 and N3 patients. Postoperative irradiation should be given routinely after resection for all T4 lesions and for any T3 lesion which extends to the pharyngeal wall(s), vallecula, base of tongue, and pyriform sinus. Postoperative irradiation should also be given for any patient whose nodal classification is greater than N1. Irradiation should be given within six weeks (preferably three to four weeks) after the surgical procedure. To achieve this goal, the operation need only remove grossly detectable disease.
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PMID:Optimal treatment for the technically resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx. 111 91

Pedal lymphangiography was done on 38 patients with stages O, A and B carcinoma of the prostate. The lymphangiograms were positive in 19 cases and negative in 19. Of 18 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (9 with positive and 9 with negative studies) operative findings confirmed the lymphangiogram in 15 (83 per cent). In the 6 patients with osseous metastases and/or enzyme elevation, the lymphangiogram was positive. Furthermore, 13 patients with positive lymphangiograms had negative osseous and enzyme survey, emphasizing that nodal involvement may be the earliest finding in disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. The value of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate prior to radical prostatectomy or irradiation seems well established.
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PMID:An evaluation of lymphangiography in staging carcinoma of the prostate. 111 5

Xeroradiographic evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes permits differentiation of characteristic patterns, including normal nodes and those enlarged as the result of fatty infiltration, inflammation, metastases from a breast primary, or primary nodal disease such as lymphoma or hyperplasia. The author describes his experience with this technique in selected patients.
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PMID:Xeroradiography of axillary lymph node disease. 111 20

The pedal lymphographic findings in 260 patients with testicular tumours are reviewed: 117 patients had a seminoma, 105 had a teratoma and 38 combined tumours. 26 percent of seminomas were associated with a positive lymphogram, corresponding figures being 42 percent for teratomas and 53 percent for combined tumours. The role of the lymphogram is (1) to stage the case so that the extent and form of the treatment can be logically assessed, (2) to plan accurately radiotherapy treatment fields, (3) to observe the results of treatment on serial follow-up films, (4) to detect the recurrence of tumour using "re-fill" lymphography if necessary, (5) to show possible unsuspected metastases involving supraclavicular and mediastinal glands, and (6) to give a prognosis, since a negative lymphogram suggests an excellent chance of survival. Three main types of lymphographic appearances are recognized: nodal, mass replacement and "pseudo-lymphomatous". Nodal deposits are most common. Most positive findings are in the para-aortic chain on the same side as the tumour. Iliac involvement is much less common. Seminomas in this series showed a 96 percent crude three-year survival rate. For teratomas and combined tumours the three-year survival rates were 59 percent and 61 percent respectively, but deaths are uncommon in the lymphographically negative Stage I cases. Bone deposits are rare. Only two were found in this series. We do not perform testicular lymphography, but consider there is a useful role for inferior venacavography when there is poor filling of upper para-aortic nodes at lymphography. The importance of taking follow-up films after the initial examination is stressed.
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PMID:A review of the role of lymphography in the management of testicular tumours. 112

Four percent of 2,446 patients with malignant melanoma did not have a known site of primary origin. More than half were admitted with nodal disease only, and were treated with regional node dissections. Thirty-three percent of this group lived five years, and 22 percent lived ten years following treatment. One third were admitted with visceral metastases, many of which were amenable to surgery, and this group experienced a 5 percent five-year survival rate. Cutaneous dissemination carried a lethal prognosis. Recurrences following treatment tended toward the same region of the body as the original metastasis, and 50 percent of these recurrences occurred within six months of therapy. The sex ratio, age incidence, family history, and survival rates in these patients with unknown primary tumors are consistent with an unnoticed cutaneous lesion as the site of origin for the metastatic disease. It must be supposed that this lesion had undergone spontaneous regression.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma: the patient with an unknown site of primary origin. 115 55

The methods of histologic staging of primary Stage I melanoma and the relation to lymph node metastases and survival after surgery was evaluated in 151 patients with extremity melanoma only. Microstaging by depth of invasion showed a better prognostic correlation than by histologic typing (into superficial spreading, or nodular melanoma). A correlation existed between depth of invasion (Clark's levels) and incidence of nodal metastases at elective node dissection. This incidence was 5% at Level II, 4% at Level III, 25% at Level IV and 75% at Level V. The measured depth of invasion added prognostic insight to each Clark's level; the minimal invasion at which nodal metastases occurred was 0.6 mm for Level II, 0.9 mm for Level III, 1.5 mm for Level IV and over 4 mm for Level V. The 5 year disease-free survival after surgery was 100% for Clark Level II, 88% for Level III, 66% for Level VI and 15% for Level V. There was a direct relation between the measured depth of invasion and survival and mortality from disease at 5 years. Mortality from disease at 5 years could be directly equated with 10 times microinvasion in mm. Microstaging by direct measurement gave a better prognostic correlation than was found using Clark's levels for more deeply invading melanoma. At this time there is suggestive evidence that patients with certain higher risk lesions may do significantly better with wide excision and elective node dissection than with wide excision alone. These high risk lesions include Clark Level III to V, lesions measuring 0.9 mm or greater and all nodular melanomas.
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PMID:Selection of the optimum surgical treatment of stage I melanoma by depth of microinvasion: Use of the combined microstage technique (Clark-Breslow). 116 58

Twenty-six consecutive patients with melanoma of the lower extremities metastatic to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes were subjected to laparotomy. No patient had preoperative evidence of tumor dissemination past the superficial inguinal nodes. However three patients (12%) had metastases to the liver or para-aortic lymph nodes documented at laparotomy and were not subjected to iliac and obturator lymph node dissection. One of these patients had concomitant local recurrence of melanoma at the ankle. The other two patients had superficial inguinal lymph nodes at least 5 cm in diameter, although two other such patients with similar 5 cm lymph nodes did not have positive intra-abdominal findings. The remaining 23 of the 26 patients underwent ipsilateral iliac and obturator lymph node dissection, which proved positive in 3/23 patients (13%). Of these 23 patients undergoing iliac and obturator node dissection, 18 had clinically positive (and microscopically positive) superficial inguinal nodes prior to their dissection, while the remaining 5 patients had clinically negative (but microscopically positive) superficial inguinal nodes. The three cases of positive dissected iliac and obturator nodes occurred among the 18 patients with clinically positive superficial inguinal nodes (17%). Among the 5 patients with clinically negative, microscopically positive superficial groin nodes, there was no detectable deep inguinal nodal spread (or hepatic or para-aortic involvement).
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PMID:Staging laparotomy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma of the lower extremities. 119 Aug 73

A case of histologically benign lymph nodal metastases from a uterine leiomyoma in a 27-year-old woman is reported. It is postulated that fragments of a leiomyoma, detached at the time of endometrial curettage, entered dilated lymphatic channels in or adjacent to a large projecting submucous leiomyoma, and seeded several pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes. During an interval of 8 years, these grew slowly and did not infiltrate the perinodal tissues or give rise to secondary metastases.
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PMID:Benign metastasizing uterine leiomyoma. Multiple lymph nodal metastases. 120 71


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