Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metastases of 47 known prostatic carcinomas were subjected to the unlabelled immunoperoxidase-procedure to localise prostaticacid-phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA). In bone-marrow, lymph-node, lung and liver metastases PAP was found in 64% and PSA in 78%. There was no significant difference between the intensity of staining in primary and metastatic neoplasm. In poorly differentiated metastases of prostatic adenocarcinomas less intense staining for PAP and PSA was found. The data suggest that the demonstration of PAP and PSA is a practical and sensitive test for the prostatic origin of a clinically and histologically unclassifiable metastasis.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical diagnosis of metastasizing prostatic carcinomas]. 608 38

The serum and urine hydroxyproline levels of patients with prostatic cancer were regularly studied for 30 months. Bone metastases were found in 4 patients at the beginning of the study; metastases formed in 8 patients during the test period, and in 9 patients no metastases formed during the study. At the time of X-ray diagnosis of metastasis, significantly higher serum and urine hydroxyproline levels and enzymatic phosphatase were found, but in the tests performed 3 months earlier, in spite of the negative X-ray results, the hydroxyproline results differed significantly from the reference values. The above findings support the use of the hydroxyproline test for the diagnosis of metastases.
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PMID:Study of serum and urine hydroxyproline level of patients with prostatic cancer. 652 55

The results of clinical examination, skeletal X-ray, bone scan and phosphatase determinations in serum were analyzed in 30 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer prior to and during anti-androgenic treatment. Bone scan revealed skeletal metastases in all 30 patients, whereas X-ray showed bone metastases in only 22 patients. Radiological pseudoprogression and scintigraphic flair reaction were relatively frequent findings during the first 3-8 months of effective hormone therapy. Later on progressive changes on X-ray and bone scan were well related to clinical progression of the disease and indicated a poor prognosis in the individual patient. Soft tissue metastases most often responded well to the initial hormone treatment, but regrew only rarely during later disease progression. Changes of the radioimmunologically determined prostatic acid phosphatase seemed most often to indicate the presence of advanced disease and subsequent disease progression. Second line treatment of hormone-unresponsive prostatic cancer is at best palliative and has not been proved to prolong the survival in most of the patients. In routine clinical practice, the need for such second line therapy is dependent on the patient's symptoms and not on the early detection of progressive changes on X-ray, bone scan or blood tests. Therefore it seems unnecessary to perform these examinations regularly in hormone-treated asymptomatic patients with advanced prostatic cancer unless the patient is entered into a clinical research program.
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PMID:Clinical significance of routine follow-up examinations in patients with metastatic cancer of the prostate under hormone treatment. 662 67

Recent advances, particularly in the fields of biology and nuclear medicine, have improved our understanding of carcinoma of the prostate and, thereby, have contributed to a more precise application of the different therapeutic approaches currently available. Although cytology and "immunological" assay of prostate phosphatases have not replaced rectal examinations in the diagnosis of this condition, it is now possible to assess its stage and "aggressivity" very accurately. Staging the disease demands exhaustive investigation, especially when the cancer is small; although blood-born metastases can be rapidly demonstrated, it is much more difficult to affirm the localised, purely intracapsular form of epithelioma; lymphography and surgical "picking" of lymph nodes should be considered in some cases. The stage and evolution of the cancer, and the general condition of the patient may indicate therapeutic abstention, palliative treatment (hormone therapy) and, all too rarely, an attempt at radical surgical care. There are a number of therapeutic choices of sometimes surprising, sometimes disappointing efficacy, especially in cases "escaping" oestrogen control, heralded by a rise in phosphatase levels.
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PMID:[Prostatic cancer: what is new?]. 666 42

Of 343 patients who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection during treatment for carcinoma of the prostate 25 had persistently elevated serum enzymatic acid phosphatase levels preoperatively: 15 (60 per cent) had metastases to the pelvic lymph nodes and 10 (40 per cent) had negative nodes. Bone metastases occurred in 10 of 12 (83 per cent) and 5 of 7 patients (71 per cent), respectively, who were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Of the 318 patients with normal serum enzymatic phosphatase levels 70 (22 per cent) had positive nodes. A persistently elevated serum enzymatic acid phosphatase level in patients with proved carcinoma of the prostate, with elimination of infrequent causes of enzyme elevation, indicates metastases and has significant implications regarding staging and, thus, therapy of this disease.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase: its influence on the management of carcinoma of the prostate. 669 Jul 51

Placental-type alkaline phosphatase was measured in sera, cyst, and ascites fluids, and from tumor extracts obtained from gynecologic cancer patients, particularly those with cancer of the ovary. A modified assay was used that depended on long incubation (20 to 24 hours) to measure the heat-stable, phenylalanine-sensitive placental isoenzyme. The concentration of enzyme in ascites and cyst fluids was markedly higher than in serum. Cyst fluid values were generally higher than ascites fluids from the same individual. The median enzyme levels for malignant cyst fluids were 50 times greater than for benign cyst fluids. When tumor tissue and fluids were available from the same patients, it was observed that the levels in each were proportional. Determination of this isoenzyme in serum did not give a useful index of tumor burden, as metastatic disease did not consistently result in elevated serum enzyme levels. When ovarian cancer patients were divided into two groups--those in whose sera placental-type phosphatase was elevated, and those in whom it was not--the presence of the enzyme in serum at the time of tumor diagnosis appeared to be a negative prognostic indicator, judged from survival data.
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PMID:Placental-type alkaline phosphatase in ovarian cancer fluids and tissues. 670 Aug 54

In 40 patients with non-metastasising (n = 31) and metastasising (n = 9) renal cell carcinoma, evidence of Stauffer's syndrome (increase in alkaline serum phosphatase and prolongation of prothrombin time) was found in 18 patients. Prolongation of prothrombin time was not due to depletion of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors or manifest fibrinolysis, but due to the presence of circulating fibrinogen fibrinmonomer-FDP complexes. Ethanol gelation test was found to be positive in 28/40 subjects and soluble fibrin monomer complexes were increased in 38/40 patients. The resulting disturbance of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion was reflected by an increase in thrombin coagulase time and reptilase time. These findings suggests a state of latent compensated intravascular coagulation (presumably triggered within the vascular tumor). For diagnostic purposes the most sensitive indicator is thrombin coagulase time. Thrombin coagulase time normalised after tumor resection and was positive in patients with recurrent metastases. The increase in alkaline serum phosphatase was due to an increase in the hepatic isoenzyme. Such an increase was much more common than the elevation of total alkaline serum phosphatase. Regan's isoenzyme was only found in 1 subject. In parallel, gamma-GT was elevated in 24 patients. The study shows that Stauffer's syndrome occurs more frequently than commonly assumed when thrombin coagulase time, gamma-GT and the hepatic isoenzyme of alkaline serum phosphatase are determined in patients with renal cell carcinoma. DIC and low grade fibrinolysis may account for the coagulation abnormalities of the syndrome.
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PMID:Stauffer's syndrome in renal cell carcinoma evidence for intravascular coagulation. 736 22

We compared tumor grade and DNA content with expression of E-cadherin (E-CD), a cell adhesion molecule associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, leukocyte function, and tumor invasion and metastases, on 56 prostate carcinoma needle biopsies. The findings were correlated with final pathologic stage at subsequent prostatectomy, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level and further development of metastases during an initial 2.4-yr mean clinical follow-up period (range 0.5 to 5.5 yr). E-CD expression (uvomorulin, L-CAM, cell CAM 80/120, ARC-1, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was measured by double-linked immunoalkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry quantified with a the Roche RPW image analyzer (Roche Image Analysis Systems, Elon College, NC). DNA ploidy was determined on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Feulgen-stained 5-microns tissue sections of the narrow-bore initial prostate carcinoma biopsies with the Roche RPW image analyzer. The 51% mean positive area E-CD expression in the group of 56 adenocarcinomas was significantly less than the 76% expression level for 15 normal control prostate tissues (P < 0.001). E-CD expression was also decreased in aneuploid (39%) versus diploid tumors (54%, P < 0.001); and in high-grade (44%) versus low-grade lesions (54%; P < 0.01). The 44% E-CD expression level in patients with metastases was lower than the 52% level in the nonmetastatic cases, but this finding was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:E-cadherin expression in prostatic carcinoma biopsies: correlation with tumor grade, DNA content, pathologic stage, and clinical outcome. 753 Aug 50

Bone metastases of urological tumors occur in nearly 40% of all primary tumors of the prostate, the kidney and the bladder. The quality of metastases may be described as osteolytic, osteoplastic or mixed lesion. Whereas prostate cancers produce mainly osteoplastic lesions, renal cell carcinomas predominantly generate osteolytic lesions. In bladder cancer both forms of metastases occur in tantamount numbers. However, diagnostics still presents many difficulties, since it is not feasible to identify very small metastases until symptoms have manifested themselves. The purpose of our study was to evaluate measurement technique and classification of significant serum markers for monitoring the course of disease. Patients with primary urological tumors and metastases in the skeleton were investigated and compared with healthy volunteers. Osteodensitometry was used to confirm and to replace radiological diagnosis of bone metastases. Thus it was possible to locate the extent and obtain information on the maximum charge and the stability of metastases. Our examinations revealed that distinct serum markers describe the changes in bone evoked by metastases. In comparison with healthy volunteers, patients with osteoplastic lesions and osteolytic lesions showed increases in hydroxproline and pyridinium crosslinks (significance at least p < 0.005). Osteocalcin was elevated only in osteoplastic lesions versus healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). For diagnostics of osteoplastic and osteolytic metastases, either alkaline phosphatase or the skeleton-specific phosphatase (ostase) can be measured serologically. Both parameters showed significant elevation in the patient groups when set against the healthy controls (both p < 0.0001). Compared with lytic lesions osteoplastic carcinomas revealed significant increase of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and osteocalcin (p < 0.005). In examination of bone metabolism in patients with skeletal metastases the following parameters are of eminent interest: osteocalcin, hydroxyproline or pyridinium crosslinks, alkaline phosphatase or ostase. These serological parameters could be helpful even with regard to early diagnosis of bone metastases. Evaluation of measuring techniques suggests quantifying pyridinium crosslinks instead of hydroxyproline, because they may be assessed without taking the patient's diet into account. Determination of bone density may be helpful in diagnostics or control of therapy modalities.
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PMID:Investigations on bone metabolism of urological tumors forming metastases. 865 12

The impact of lymphatic micrometastases on prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer has not been clearly established. We therefore prospectively assessed the frequency, mode of mediastinal spread, and prognostic significance of lymphatic micrometastases in lymph nodes of 93 patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer staged as pT1 to pT4 pN0 and pN1 by conventional histopathologic techniques. Frozen tissue sections from 471 lymph nodes that were staged as free of metastases by routine histopathologic examination were screened for micrometastases by the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase immunostaining technique with the monoclonal antibody Ber-Ep-4. Twenty of 73 patients (27.4%) with disease staged as pN0 and nine of 20 patients (45.0%) with disease staged as pN1 had nodal micrometastases. Eight of 17 patients with upper lobe primary tumors and five of 12 patients with lower lobe primary tumors exhibited skip micrometastases. Mean relapse-free survival was significantly increased in patients with pN0 disease without micrometastases (41.1 vs 29 months, p = 0.0081). In patients with pN1 disease, mean relapse-free and cancer-related survivals were also significantly increased if no micrometastases were found (34.8 and 38.2 months vs 18 and 23.5 months, p = 0.0157 and p = 0.0094). Patients with disease staged as pN0 and pN1 with micrometastases revealed no difference in cancer-related survival compared with a control population of patients with disease staged as pN2. The mode of spread was erratic. The prognosis of patients after upstaging of pN0 and pN1 disease according to results of immunohistochemical staining correlated strongly with the prognosis of patients whose disease was staged at the higher stages by conventional histopathologic examination. These findings could represent a new indication for adjuvant therapy, supporting extensive lymph node sampling for staging purposes.
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PMID:Mode of spread in the early phase of lymphatic metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer: significance of nodal micrometastasis. 880 Jan 48


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