Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The practical application of commercially available immunoperoxidase kits for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSPH) were blindly evaluated on routinely formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue from 95 consecutive cases of prostatic carcinoma, 10 cases of metastases from prostatic carcinoma and 90 cases of primary or metastatic non prostatic carcinoma. Both Kits showed a diagnostic specificity of 100%. The diagnostic sensitivities were 94% (PSA) and 90% (PSPH) respectively, but concomitantly staining for PSA and PSPH improved the diagnostic sensitivity to 99%. Using the histologic grading system of Gleason both markers showed a tendency to less extensive staining in low differentiated prostatic carcinomas. It is concluded that both Kits are highly specific and highly sensitive, but negative reaction in medium or low differentiated adenocarcinomas does not rule out the possibility of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Evaluation of commercial immunoperoxidase kits for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic specific acid phosphatase. 242 32

The detection of metastases in 371 axillary lymph nodes by immunohistochemical staining and by routine histological examination was compared in the surgically removed tissue from 50 consecutive patients with breast carcinoma. The primary tumour and axillary lymph nodes were stained with three monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes of the human milk fat globule (HMFG1; HMFG2; E29), and an anticytokeratin antibody (CAM 5.2), in a double-bridge immunoalkaline phosphatase staining technique. Metastases revealed by further sectioning through the tissue were identified before the immunohistological comparison. The use of immunohistochemical staining resulted in an increased detection of metastases in both infiltrating ductal carcinoma (13.1%) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (37.5%), an overall increase of 17.3%. The follow-up data over a minimum period of 2 years is available for these patients.
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PMID:Comparison of the detection of breast carcinoma metastases by routine histological diagnosis and by immunohistochemical staining. 245 31

Prostatic carcinoma accounts for about 1% of all cancers that metastasize to the skin. The regions most frequently involved are the genital region, the head and the trunk. Clinically the lesions present as nodules; less often diffuse infiltrates, red macules and papules or tumors of an angiomatous appearance occur. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy specimens can reveal gland-like, epithelial or anaplastic differentiation of tumor cells. Prostatic origin can be proven by the immunohistological demonstration of acid prostatic phosphatase or prostatic specific antigen in paraffin-embedded specimens taken for routine histological examination.
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PMID:[Skin metastases in prostatic cancer. Immunohistologic indications of the primary tumor]. 246 19

Fourteen patients with incidentally diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate were reviewed. The frequency of the incidental prostatic carcinoma in our clinic was approximately 7.3% of 191 patients operated for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Five patients with focal and well differentiated carcinoma (stage A1) were managed expectantly with no treatment. Two patients with focal and moderately differentiated carcinoma (stage A2) and three patients with stage A1 cancer were treated by means of chlormadinone acetate. Total retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymph-node dissection was performed in four patients with diffuse prostatic carcinoma (stage A2). No serious complication occurred without minimal stress incontinence in one patient. Three patients had diffuse residual carcinoma in the total prostatectomy specimens. In one of them capsular penetration of carcinoma cells was discovered. Follow up was performed for 1.5-7 years (mean 43 months) by repeated transrectal needle biopsy, bone scan and serum phosphatase. Metastasis and recurrence have not developed in any patient. Two patients died without evidence of cancer. The remaining patients are alive without evidence of disease. Radical operation is recommended for patients with stage A2 prostatic carcinoma after transurethral resection of prostate.
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PMID:[Treatment of prostatic incidental carcinoma]. 247 36

In a comparative study, we determined the mean serum concentrations of immunoassayable prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), tartrate-inhibited phosphatase (TP), total acid phosphatase (AcP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in different clinical subgroups of patients with histologically proved prostatic carcinoma (PCA). The subgroups were compared with each other and with a reference group of males apparently free of any prostatic disorder. In addition, clinical sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of the different assays. The main results were: (1) Serum PAP concentration measured by immunologic methods best reflected the tumor mass, the presence or absence of metastases, the histologic grade, and the therapeutic efficiency (response) in the patients. (2) The differences in biochemically determined serum TP concentrations were less clear-cut. (3) The serum concentrations of the nonspecific phosphatases AcP and AP were highly elevated in patients with progressed PCA; AP was the highest in patients with palpable tumors and metastases. (4) The sensitivities of each phosphatase were too low for detection of early PCA stages. In conclusion, immunoassayable PAP appears to be the best parameter to monitor advanced PCA disease, and AP may be a useful auxiliary parameter in metastatic PCA.
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PMID:Discriminative value of serum phosphatases in patients with prostatic carcinoma. 284 24

During the years 1975-1985, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver was performed in 655 patients. The procedure entailed no complications. In 302 (46%) cases, the samples contained malignant cells; in 238 (36%), liver cells; in 46 (7%), cells suspected of malignancy; in 69 (11%) of cases, the samples were unsatisfactory. The medical records of 242 patients were reviewed. Based on the results of different examinations it was established that 149 patients had liver metastases and 62 did not. In 31 patients, evaluation could not be done owing to insufficient data. The cytological findings were compared with the results of liver scintiscan, Alcaline phosphatase, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and histological diagnoses. There were no false-positive cytological diagnoses. False-negative diagnoses were found in 14% of cases. Cytologically positive samples from known primaries were reviewed. It has been established that pallisade-like formations are characteristic for metastases of intestinal carcinoma; usually in these cases, necrotic material and inflammatory cells were found as well.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastases in the liver. 289 55

Fifty-one patients (16 with malignant extrahepatic biliary obstruction, ten with benign extrahepatic biliary obstruction, eight with alcoholic liver disease, five with viral hepatitis and 12 with liver metastases) and 19 adult healthy controls were studied with determinations of beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (a lysosomal enzyme which is cleared from the circulation by the Kupffer cells), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serum bilirubin, alkaline-phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Both CEA and beta-NAH were elevated in each disease group. Elevated beta-NAH levels distinguished between benign and malignant extrahepatic biliary obstruction better than CEA levels. Beta-NAH levels for the malignant and the benign groups were 47.6 +/- 14.7 U/l and 23.0 +/- 4.7 U/l (mean +/- S.D.) respectively. The groups differed significantly (P less than 0.001). Plasma CEA levels for both groups were 18.7 +/- 38.9 and 7.2 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.) respectively. Beta-NAH levels for the 19 normal controls were 15.8 +/- 3.5 U/l (mean +/- S.D.). Beta-NAH also was significantly elevated in patients with hepatic metastases (36.9 +/- 20.1 U/l). In 25 cancer patients with metastases other than in the liver beta-NAH levels (18.3 +/- 5.2) were not significantly elevated over the control group. It has potential value as a marker for non-CEA-producing liver metastases.
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PMID:Serum beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (beta-NAH) as a discriminant between malignant and benign extrahepatic biliary obstruction: comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). 293 60

The authors present a retrospective study concerning 135 cases of untreated synchronous metastases from colorectal cancer. The median survival is 5.5 months and the natural history is depending on the percentage of liver replacement, on the "performance status" of each patient and on the stage of primary tumors classified according to Dukes. The seric levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and CEA are other useful prognostic factors. The age of patients and systemic chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil) are not able to influence the evolution of the disease. At last different techniques, both curative and palliative, used in the current treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer are discussed and the reported survival improvements reaching with these forms of treatment are compared to the natural history of the disease.
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PMID:[Natural history of synchronous hepatic metastases from a non-treated colorectal cancer]. 320 36

One hundred and twenty-seven patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer were evaluated for the presence and progress of bone metastases before and during hormonal therapy, by serial radionuclide imaging and frequent measurement of plasma acid (tartrate-labile) and alkaline phosphatase. For comparison, serial changes in imaging and phosphatases were classified in each patient into one of six groups. Of 71 patients with negative imaging before treatment, 82% had normal alkaline phosphatase levels and 83% had normal acid phosphatase levels. Of 56 patients with bone metastases at presentation, false negative alkaline and acid phosphatase levels were noted in 18% and 36% respectively, though a few patients eventually developed abnormal levels. Serial plasma biochemistry and particularly alkaline phosphatase showed a response to treatment which was not always obvious on imaging. An assessment of the hepatic component of alkaline phosphatase by reference to plasma gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and isoenzyme electrophoresis was helpful in the evaluation of a false positive result but unnecessary where imaging was positive and phosphatase elevated. It is concluded that serial alkaline phosphatase estimation is essential in the follow-up of patients with prostatic cancer and bone metastases, and probably renders serial imaging studies superfluous once the presence of skeletal metastases has been proven. By comparison, acid phosphatase is a much less effective marker.
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PMID:Bone imaging and serum phosphatases in prostatic carcinoma. 400 1

An electrophoretic fraction of plasma alkaline phosphatase, which migrates more slowly than the main fraction, was present in one fifth of normal subjects, and in some patients with parenchymal liver disease. It was absent in patients with bone disease, uncomplicated biliary obstruction, and hepatic metastases. The electrophoretic and inhibition properties of this slow band were similar to those of intestinal phosphatase, and its significance is discussed. In a patient with hypophosphatasia this fraction was apparently not decreased.
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PMID:A distinctive fraction of alkaline phosphatase in health and disease. 591 63


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