Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since prolactin has several modes of action on prostatic growth and physiology, the effect of the antiprolactin bromocriptine on plasma kinetics and intraprostatic metabolism of testosterone was studied in patients with untreated prostatic cancer; a therapy protocol was deduced which was controlled in 27 patients with advanced inoperable prostatic adenocarcinoma. Bromocriptine resulted in a significant suppression of prolactin and testosterone as well and favored testosterone elimination from the plasma pool. Prostatic androgen uptake was enhanced and the intraprostatic metabolism altered in relation to tumor grade. Adjunctive administration of bromocriptine to 27 patients, mostly in the state of hormone resistance, resulted in an overall objective regression of 22.2% and in stable disease in 55.6% of the patients. In half of the individuals a prompt relief of bone pain from osseous metastases was observed as well as improvement of micturition and decline of phosphatase activity. This preliminary data justify further investigations under controlled and randomized conditions.
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PMID:[Bromocriptine for palliation of advanced prostatic carcinoma. Experimental and clinical profile of a drug (author's' transl)]. 8 47

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

The leukocyte alklaine phosphatase (LAP) levels were determined in 183 patients with malignant diseases and 71 normal controls. The median LAP scores were 64 units (range 0 to 290) for the patients and 55 (range 2 to 158) for the controls, respectively, and no significant difference could be established. When analyzed according to primary malignancy, only in patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 14) was the median value higher than normal (p less than 0.001). In patients with distant metastases (n = 48), higher LAP levels were demonstrated (M = 76, range 21 to 290) as compared to patients with no evidence of metastases (M = 53, range 0 to 229), (p less than 0.01). Thus, LAP activity has very limited value in the diagnosis of malignancies. Its elevation in the presence of malignant disease might, however, indicate metastases.
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PMID:Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in malignancies. 47 11

The diagnostic value of bone pain in 227 consecutive patients with known primary tumor was investigated and bone scans were obtained. Eighty-two of 130 patients with bone pain had metastases with positive scans. In contrast, 80 of 97 patients without pain did not have metastases and the scans were negative; 13, however, did have metastases and positive scans, and in 10 of these the lesions were osteoblastic. Osteoblastic metastases may not produce pain. In a group of 70 patients with bone pain of unknown origin or elevated phosphatase levels, bone scans were also obtained and evaluated. Only one had metastatic disease, 40 were negative, and 29 had positive scans due to benign disease. It is concluded that in the assessment of malignancies, bone pain is a good indication for bone scintigraphy, except in those patients with osteoblastic lesions. However, when malignant disease has not yet been established, bone pain is not a reliable indication for scanning and radiographic examination is the initial examination of choice.
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PMID:The influence of bone pain on the results of bone scans. 50 88

785 combined diagnostic procedures are reported which were carried out on 353 patients with microscopically proven carcinoma of the prostate in order to detect metastases. X-ray films of the thorax, spine and pelvis were taken. Also bone-scintigraphy was done with 87MSr or 99MTc-polyphosphate. Additionally the alcaline, acid and prostate phosphatases were determined. A diagnostic coincidence between radiological results and bone-scan was found in 95.1% of cases. The bone-scan was false negative in 3.7%. Only in 1.2% metastases were detected earlier by the bone-scan than by x-ray examinations. Referring to the number of studies identical results were found. In roentgenologically detected metastases an increased serum level of the alcaline phosphatase was found in 61%, of the acid phosphatase in 31% and of the prostate-phosphatase in 25%.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of radiological, nuclear medicine and biochemical methods for detection of bone metastases in carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)]. 88 44

Indices of mitotic potential may improve prognostic discrimination in patients with malignant disease. Ki-67 is a monoclonal antibody directed against an unknown proliferation antigen which has been shown to be a measure of mitotic potential. Sixty-four benign and eighty malignant prostatic biopsies were stained with the Ki-67 antibody. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was identified in benign and malignant biopsies using immunoalkaline phosphatase and immunoperoxidase staining reactions. Nuclear staining was identified in 14 benign and 44 malignant biopsies. Nuclear staining for Ki-67 was seen in 36% of biopsies with Gleason histological score (GHS) 2-4, 71% with GHS 5-7 and 62% with GHS 8-10. Nuclear staining was associated with advanced local disease stage, but not with metastatic disease stage. Clinical follow-up is required to establish the value of Ki-67 immunostaining as a prognostic determinant in prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Ki-67 antibody immunostaining in benign and malignant human prostatic disease. 128 99

An astoundingly high frequency of micrometastatic cells have been found in bone marrow aspirates of patients with colon carcinomas (G. Schlimok et al., J. Clin. Oncol., 8:831-837, 1990), although these tumors very rarely metastasize to the skeleton. This observation has raised questions about the malignant potential of such cells. In a first attempt to characterize this potential, we have assessed the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens on bone marrow micrometastases, inasmuch as down-regulation of these molecules is a potential mechanism to escape from MHC class I-restricted lysis by cytotoxic T-cells. The two groups of cancer patients compared were those with tumors known to rarely (stomach and colon cancer) or frequently (breast cancer) manifest skeleton metastases. Bone marrow aspirates taken from these patients were probed for individual disseminated tumor cells using the immunoalkaline phosphatase technique with monoclonal antibody CK2 to the epithelial differentiation antigen cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), as described previously (G. Schlimok et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84:8672-8676, 1987). Specimens containing CK18-positive cells were colabeled with monoclonal antibody W6/32 directed to a framework (or nonpolymorphic) antigenic determinant of MHC class I heavy chains associated with beta 2-microglobulin. W6/32-positive CK-18-positive cells could be detected in 25 of 54 patients (46.3%) with significantly higher incidences in 26 breast cancer patients (61.9%) as compared to 28 patients with carcinomas of the stomach and colon (27.3 and 29.4%). Independent from the origin of the primary carcinoma, the incidence of W6/32-negative CK18-positive cells was positively correlated to both the differentiation grade of the primary tumor (P less than 0.05) and appeared to be linked to the occurrence of regional lymph node metastases (statistically not significant) determined by conventional histological examination. The present results demonstrate for the first time that down-regulation of MHC expression on individual micrometastatic cells correlates to the differential pattern of metastasis obtained by comparing breast and gastrointestinal carcinomas. This finding together with the suggestive link to clinical risk factors supports the significance of reduced MHC class I expression for the survival of residual metastatic cells which is a major determinant of prognosis for patients with solid tumors.
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PMID:Frequent down-regulation of major histocompatibility class I antigen expression on individual micrometastatic carcinoma cells. 187 15

To determine the incidence and clinical significance of micrometastases in the bone marrow of breast carcinoma patients, we performed an immunoalkaline phosphatase assay using anticytokeratin (AE1, AE3, MAK-6) and antiepithelial (113F1, 260F9, 317G5) antibodies on the bone marrow aspirates of 71 stage IV disease patients with either recurrent regional or distant metastases. Although we detected tumor cells within the bone marrow of 38% of these patients with this assay, no significant correlation was seen with patient's age, menopausal status, bone scan, bone marrow core histology, response to induction chemotherapy, number of metastatic sites, dominant site of metastasis, or subsequent clinical outcome. The clinical parameters that were associated with improved survival were one dominant site of metastatic disease and regional soft tissue recurrence without distant disease.
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PMID:Detection of micrometastatic tumor cells in bone marrow of breast carcinoma patients. 202 19

In a randomized, double-blind trial for metastatic prostate cancer (Stage D2), 603 men received leuprolide, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog that inhibits the release of gonadotropins, coupled with either placebo or flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that inhibits the binding of androgens to the cell nucleus. The 303 men receiving androgen blockade with leuprolide and flutamide demonstrated a longer progression-free survival (16.9 vs. 13.9 months, P = 0.039) and an increased median length of survival (35.0 vs. 27.9 months, P = 0.035). In the subgroup of men with minimal disease and good performance status, the advantages of maximal androgen blockade were more pronounced. It is concluded that combined androgen blockade with leuprolide and flutamide was more effective than leuprolide alone for patients with metastatic cancer of the prostate. The therapeutic benefits, although greatest in patients with minimum disease, need to be evaluated in a prospective, randomized fashion in trials specifically designed for men with minimal disease and good performance status. Exploratory analyses using the black race as an explanatory variable were also performed. Black race is associated with shorter survival times and is also associated with other prognostic factors, including recent weight loss, anemia, elevated phosphatase levels, and pain. These findings suggest the need for future studies of the relationship of black race and response to prostate cancer therapy.
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PMID:Leuprolide with and without flutamide in advanced prostate cancer. 211 17

A monoclonal antibody 7A9 was raised against the tumour-associated glycoprotein TAG-12 purified from T47-D breast carcinoma cells. In immunoblots from cytosol of T47-D cells and from sera of breast cancer patients, antibody 7A9 detects the high molecular weight mucin-like TAG-12 antigen. A series of paraffin sections of normal, benign and malignant mammary tissues have been studied with monoclonal antibody 7A9 and the immunoalkaline phosphatase method. In resting gland, proliferating gland and fibroadenoma ducts, reactivity of 7A9 was mainly restricted to luminal membranes of epithelial cells and secretions. 77/79 primary breast carcinomas including ductal, lobular and various other carcinoma types showed cytoplasmic and/or membrane-associated staining with 7A9 in most tumour cells. Metastases (31/31) from different sites were also positive. Strong immunoreactivity with single tumour cells was noted in cytological preparations from freshly resected breast cancer tissue. Thus, monoclonal antibody 7A9 seems to be very useful for the targeting of breast carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Analysis of the tumour-associated antigen TAG-12 by monoclonal antibody 7A9 in normal, benign and malignant mammary tissues. 215 77


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