Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies on normal bone marrow and Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells were performed to determine the efficacy of selective, in vitro chemopurging with methylprednisolone (MP). We found that MP reduces the number of lymphoma cells without significant damage to bone marrow cells. This information is important because we need to improve the existing in vitro purging regimens used to cleanse autologous marrows of metastatic disease before transplantation into cancer patients who have received high-dose chemotherapy. Normal human bone marrow (NBM) and Daudi lymphoma cells were treated in parallel with various purging regimens, NBM death was evaluated using soft-agar culture, while Daudi cell death was evaluated using one-week liquid culture. A protocol of 2.0 mg/mL of MP for four hours demonstrated optimal selectivity. When treatment was followed by cryopreservation, a 1.7 log purge of Daudi cells was increased to 2.3 logs while preserving 36% of committed NBM precursors. We repeated these experiments on a simulated contaminated marrow to model closely the mixture of normal and malignant cells found in advanced, metastatic disease. We evaluated this mixed system by flow cytometric immunoanalysis using the two-color CD10/CD20 markers to detect residual, viable Daudi cells. Our initial results were reproducible in this mixed-cell system, further supporting the evidence for effective in vitro purging of bone marrow using MP.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of methylprednisolone purging efficacy on Daudi burkitt lymphoma cells from normal bone marrow. 189 5

The cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) is the T-cell ligand for E-selectin and is involved in tissue selective migration of memory/effector T cells to chronic inflammatory sites in skin. Here, we examine the hypothesis that CLA is also involved in the local host immune response to cutaneous neoplasms. Eleven primary cutaneous melanomas, nine primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, and 11 assorted neoplasms metastatic to cutaneous and noncutaneous sites were immunostained with anti-CLA (HECA-452), as well as antibodies directed against B cells (CD20), T/NK cells (CD43), and memory/effector T cells (CD45RO). Essentially all of the lymphocytes surrounding and infiltrating both the cutaneous and noncutaneous tumors were CD43+/CD20-, and most expressed the memory/effector marker CD45RO. CLA was expressed on 10 to 80% (mean: 50%) of T cells associated with primary cutaneous neoplasms (including both melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas) but was essentially absent from noncutaneous primaries (including those metastatic to dermis) and from cutaneous primaries metastatic to dermis or other sites. Overall, the results suggest that CLA+memory T cells are a major component of the local host immune response to cutaneous neoplasms and are likely recruited to the skin by site-specific rather than tumor-specific mechanisms. The lack of a CLA+T-cell response to dermal metastases suggests that epidermal involvement may be required to attract this subset.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocytes infiltrating primary cutaneous neoplasms selectively express the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). 768 98

An anaplastic large cell lymphoma with disseminated abdominal metastases was diagnosed in a 35-year-old male chimpanzee. Clinically, the animal displayed lethargy, weight loss, ascites, and abdominal distention. Imaging studies showed several large abdominal masses. At necropsy, variably sized masses of neoplastic mesenteric lymph nodes that encompassed several intestinal loops were present throughout the abdomen. The largest mass measured 9 x 5 cm and had cauliflower-like protrusions into the jejunal lumen. The entire abdominal cavity was covered by a sheet of neoplastic tissue. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of solid sheets of proliferating lymphoid cells forming a cohesive growth that filled the lymph node sinuses. The tumor had invaded the intestinal wall. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma was diagnosed from immunohistochemistry findings on the basis of positive reaction to the CD3 and CD30 markers and negative reaction to the CD20 marker. Serologic analysis revealed positive titers for Epstein-Barr, cytomegalo-, and varicella-zoster viruses. Both serologic and virologic studies showed no evidence of detectable retroviral infection. This type of tumor has not been reported before in the chimpanzee.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a chimpanzee: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. 943 65

Radionuclides have been used for the diagnosis and therapy of cancers. In Japan, about 1.8 million studies are performed annually, especially on bone, the heart, the brain and cancer. In contrast to anatomical studies with X-ray, US or CT, nuclear medicine provides physiological or metabolic images. The characteristics of nuclear medicine come from the use of tracer studies employing various radiopharmaceuticals. The most commonly used radionuclides for cancer studies are 67Ga and 201T1. Recently, however, many other radiopharmaceuticals with tumor specificity have been developed, such as 99mTc labeled monoclonal antibodies and 111In labeled octreotide. 18F-FDG, which images glucose metabolism, is very useful in the management of lung, colorectal and other cancers. Furthermore, radionuclides are also employed in the therapy of cancer, such 131I-labeled anti-CD20 antibody for the B-cell lymphoma and 89Sr for the palliation of bone pain caused by prostate and breast cancer metastases.
 ...
PMID:[Current status of nuclear medicine in Japan]. 1041 Jan 41

Therapeutic use of radionuclides includes 131I for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroid Graves' disease, 89SrCl3 for metastatic bone tumors, 131I-MIBG for malignant pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, and radioimmunotherapies. 131I is concentrated in 60-70% of metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer following total thyroidectomy. Radioiodine uptake in metastatic lesions is greater in younger patients than in older ones. Hypothyroidism is often mild or even absent in patients with a large amount of tumor tissue, indicating that thyroid hormones produced by highly differentiated tumors compensate partially or even completely for hypothyroidism following total thyroidectomy. Adequate uptake of 131I has been reported to be associated with significant reduction in the size and number of metastases, and with lower recurrence and higher survival rates. Other favorable factors for longer survival are younger age, well-differentiated histological type, small disease extent, and early discovery of metastases. Older patients with extensive metastases and/or bulky tumor masses in the bone have a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to discover metastases as early as possible, when patients are still young. Long-term follow-up with periodic thyroglobulin measurements and imaging studies is strongly recommended. In Japan, 131I treatment for Graves' disease is performed only in selected patients in whom antithyroid drugs cannot be used because of side effects or not effective, considering the high prevalence of permanent hypothyroidism. 89SrCl3 is useful for reducing pain due to bone metastases of malignant tumors. 131I-MIBG therapy is effective for improvement of QOL in some patients with metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma. Radioimmuno-therapy using anti-CD20 has been used successfully in clinical application in patients with malignant B cell lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:[Recent progress in radionuclide therapy]. 1114 Mar 21

MAGE (Melanoma antigen E) family gene products encompass tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) recognised by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted specific T-cells. Agents inducing DNA demethylation, an event typically detectable in cellular de-differentiation processes, were shown to induce the expression of MAGE genes. By using a monoclonal antibody specific for MAGE family gene products, we have studied the expression of these TAAs in a group of 144 patients with invasive ductal breast cancers. Immunohistochemical data were correlated with tumour differentiation, lymphatic vessel invasion, oestrogen receptor expression, intratumoural necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, perineural invasion, tumour microcalcifications and axillary lymph node metastases. MAGE immunoreactivity was undetectable in non-neoplastic cells. In poorly differentiated cancers positive staining was observed in 30/63 cases (47.6%) as compared with 13/51 (25.4%) and 5/30 (16.6%) in moderately and well-differentiated tumours, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, MAGE immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion and intratumoural necrosis. Moreover, a significant inverse relationship with oestrogen receptor expression was also observed. However, no significant correlation could be established between MAGE immunoreactivity and defined phenotypic characteristics of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, including expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 or granzyme B. Thus, expression of MAGE family gene products in invasive ductal breast cancers appears to be associated with poorly differentiated histological phenotypes. These data support the concept of specific immunotherapy in highly aggressive forms of breast neoplasms. Furthermore, they suggest that MAGE immunoreactivity could represent a tumour marker of potential prognostic relevance.
 ...
PMID:Expression of MAGE tumour-associated antigens is inversely correlated with tumour differentiation in invasive ductal breast cancers: an immunohistochemical study. 1156 52

Primary bony lymphomas are rare, and nearly all are high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas are highly aggressive lymphomas of NK- or T-cell lineage with predominant extranodal presentation and are divided into nasal and nasal-type (extra-nasal). We report a primary bony peripheral T-cell lymphoma mimicking NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. A 22-year-old Taiwanese male presented with a frontal skull bone mass noted for 3 weeks, and received craniectomy with tumor removal. His tumor showed extensive coagulative necrosis with angioinvasion by large lymphoma cells expressing CD2, CD8, CD16, CD43, CD45, CD45RO, CD56, T-cell intracellular antigen-1, and granzyme B, but not CD3, CD4, CD20, CD57, CD68, and betaF1. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded mRNA was negative. Polymerase chain reaction study of formalin-fixed tissue showed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain gene. The diagnosis was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified subtype. The initial stage was I(EA). His lymphoma was refractory to chemotherapy, and bony metastases developed in the right iliac bone 2 months later. He died of disease after 6 months without autopsy. We emphasize the importance of detailed immunohistochemical and gene rearrangement studies for the classification of malignant lymphomas via a very rare primary bony lymphoma of peripheral T-cell subtype.
 ...
PMID:Primary bony peripheral T-cell lymphoma mimicking nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma: a case report. 1209 74

Recently, we showed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric carcinoma (GC) forms a distinct clinicopathologic entity with a better prognosis due to lower incidence of lymph node metastases (LN+). Here we investigated whether in EBV-positive GC more pronounced activation of cellular immune responses is associated with absence of (micro)metastases. Twenty EBV-positive primary tumors (PT) (9 LN+) were matched with 28 EBV-negative GC (11 LN+) for T- and N-stage, gender, and age. The PT (n = 28) and its LNs were analyzed by EBER RNA in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry for MHC class I and II expression, for CD3, CD8, CD4, CD20, CD56, CD83, and Granzyme B (GzB) expression. In LN metastases of EBV-positive GC, the EBV genome is maintained, excluding tumor escape by virus deletion. All GC express MHC class I independently of EBV status. In comparison with EBV-negative GC, EBV-positive GC have higher expression of MHC class II on the tumor cells (P = 0.029) and a more extensive infiltrate (P < 0.0001) of activated GzB+ CD8+ T cells (P = 0.028), which is most abundant in those EBV-positive tumors that do not metastasize (P < 0.0001). In addition, in EBV-positive GC without metastases, the infiltrate contains higher numbers of mature dendritic cells (DC) (P = 0.018). At present, the antigenic target has to be determined. These data support the notion that local triggering of cellular immune responses in EBV-positive GC prevents lymph node metastasis formation.
 ...
PMID:Morphological evidence of an activated cytotoxic T-cell infiltrate in EBV-positive gastric carcinoma preventing lymph node metastases. 1633 Sep 43

YKL-40 is produced by cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages. YKL-40 may play a role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, invasiveness, metastasis, in angiogenesis and the inflammation and remodelling of the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumour. Serum YKL-40 is a biomarker of prognosis, confirmed in 13 different types of cancer including > 2500 patients. Highest serum YKL-40 is found in patients with metastatic cancer with the shortest recurrence-free interval and shortest overall survival. Serum YKL-40 provides independent information compared with clinical characteristics and biomarkers, such as HER2, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125, prostate-specific antigen and lactate dehydrogenase. The authors hypothesise that inhibition of YKL-40 by monoclonal antibodies either directly or towards its receptor may be as efficient a cancer therapeutic as the monoclonal antibodies against HER2, HER1, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD20. Drugs inhibiting YKL-40 should be explored as new cancer therapeutics.
 ...
PMID:Is YKL-40 a new therapeutic target in cancer? 1722 36

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of skin characterized by cells with a "blastic" appearance, scant cytoplasm, and fine, evenly distributed chromatin. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a DNA polymerase present in thymic T cells, lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. After observing TdT immunoreactivity in a case of MCC, we analyzed 26 tumors by immunohistochemical analysis to determine their spectrum of reactivity with TdT and identified TdT in 19 (73%) of 26 MCCs. Staining intensity was variable but was often moderate to strong and present in a significant percentage of cells. Because MCC has cytomorphologic features similar to those of lymphoblastic lymphoma and may manifest as metastatic disease, reactivity with TdT in MCC could represent a diagnostic pitfall in the differential diagnosis with lymphoblastic lymphoma, particularly because the latter may lack CD45 and/or CD20, yet both neoplasms may express PAX-5, a B-cell-associated marker.
 ...
PMID:Reactivity with TdT in Merkel cell carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall. 1848 5


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>