Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentrations of total serum N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and total proteins were measured in both tumor drainage blood (axillary vein) and in peripheral blood taken during surgery from 44 breast cancer patients. There were no significant differences in any of the markers between mean values in peripheral and tumor drainage blood, between cancer patients and healthy controls, between patients with or without axillary lymph node metastases, or according to the site of breast mass.
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PMID:Sialic acid, ferritin and CEA levels in peripheral blood and blood draining from the tumor in breast cancer. 323 52

We have assessed the diagnostic value of the determination of cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, beta-glucuronidase and total protein, using linear discriminant analysis, in detecting central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. We conclude that, using these tests, it is impossible to differentiate between control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. Leptomeningeal dissemination from either solid tumours or non-Hodgkin lymphoma could be differentiated from control individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. In this differentiation it is essential that bacterial, fungal or tuberculous meningitis be excluded from the differential diagnosis by other diagnostic procedures. The combination of beta-glucuronidase and beta 2-microglobulin provides almost the same diagnostic information as the combination of all parameters.
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PMID:Tumour markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. 340 30

The occurrence of liver metastases was evaluated by ultrasonic scanning and correlated with prognostic factors, pattern of metastases, clinical examination, biochemical liver function tests from serum, and liver biopsy specimens in 394 consecutive evaluable patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. Fifty-nine patients (15%) had a positive scan, and liver metastases were the only sign of recurrent disease in 11 of these patients. The presence of liver metastases was not associated with age, menopausal status, size of the primary tumor, regional lymph node status, or the length of the recurrence-free interval; but patients with liver metastases were significantly closer to the menopause than those without (P = 0.02). The diagnostic value of clinical examinations was comparable to that of serum bilirubin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) analyses, but was significantly better than alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyses. Analysis of serum AP was not a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of liver metastases, since it was elevated in 58% of the patients with bone metastases, and since metastases in this site were found in one third of the patients without liver metastases. If all four tests were negative, liver metastases were excluded in 99% of the patients, and if more than two of the four tests were positive, liver metastases were found in 95%. Valid (greater than 80%) diagnosis of liver metastases by serum LDH or serum ASAT alone, required an elevation of three or five times the upper normal limits, respectively. Thirty-nine patients with positive ultrasonography results underwent biopsy. The ultrasonographic diagnosis could not be confirmed histologically in three patients (8%). If ultrasonic scanning had not been performed routinely, only one of 213 patients (0.5%) with soft tissue metastases would have been offered local therapy rather than systemic treatment. These data suggest that ultrasonic scanning of the liver should not be a routine diagnostic tool in examination of patients with first recurrence of breast cancer. However, whenever indicated by clinical signs or elevated blood tests, scanning should be performed to confirm the presence of liver metastases, particularly in patients entering therapeutical trials, since liver metastases demonstrated by ultrasound examinations may serve as a measurable parameter.
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PMID:Incidence and methodologic aspects of the occurrence of liver metastases in recurrent breast cancer. 354 42

Two studies reported here demonstrate a statistically significant association between metastatic cancer and the appearance of the k isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase in serum of affected patients. The first study included 190 coded samples from three types of cancer patients and matched controls; the second included 155 preoperative and 200 postoperative colorectal cancer patients. In the second, plasma carcinoembryonic antigen was compared with serum k isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase as an indicator of the presence of metastatic cancer. This comparison showed that both markers were independently useful for assessing patient status and predicted that a combination of the two should be a better discriminator for the presence of metastases than either marker alone.
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PMID:Expression of an unusual isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of cancer patients and comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen. 366 17

Thirty-eight consecutive patients with liver scan evidence of hepatic metastases (and confirmation by other modalities) had blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase performed within two weeks. In 38% of the patients with small liver metastases, both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were in the normal range. Even with large metastases present (one or more lesions over 2.5 cm in diameter), 19% of the patients had both enzyme tests within the normal range. Despite the lower cost of these enzyme assays, they failed to detect hepatic metastases in an appreciable portion of our patients.
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PMID:Liver function tests. A study in patients with imaging-demonstrated metastases. 369 34

The major purpose of these studies was to determine whether the expression of isozymes by tumor cells was heterogeneous among tumor cell subpopulations within a neoplasm and whether expression of one or another isozyme correlated with metastatic potential of tumor cells. The expression levels of 40 isozymes were determined in 56 cell lines, many of them clonal, from nine different murine and human tumors. The enzymes chosen for study are involved in nucleotide, carbohydrate and pentose phosphate metabolism, and as such are indicators of the general metabolic and differentiational status of the cell. The tumors studied included two murine and two human malignant melanomas, four murine fibrosarcomas, and one human prostatic adenocarcinoma. The lines isolated from these tumors consisted of cells that are tumorigenic non-metastatic, tumorigenic low metastatic and tumorigenic highly metastatic. Clonally derived cell lines from a given tumor differed in their expression of a number of different isozymes, including adenosine deaminase, creatine phosphokinase-B and lactate dehydrogenase. Different patterns of isozyme expression were observed among different tumor types as well as between tumors of the same type; however, there were no differences in isozyme expression for any enzyme tested that correlated with metastatic ability of tumor cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis
PMID:Heterogeneity of isozyme expression in tumor cells does not correlate with metastatic potential. 374 91

A retrospective analysis of 151 patients with breast cancer over 2 years was performed to assess laboratory values as predictors of metastatic disease demonstrated by technetium-99 bone scan. In 105 patients with normal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values, only one positive bone scan (0.95%) was obtained. If either the AP or LDH value was abnormal, 15 of 29 scans (51.7%) were positive. If both values were abnormal, six of nine patients (66.7%) had positive bone scans. Of 41 patients with either an elevated AP or LDH, 26 (63.4%) were shown to have metastatic breast disease. In our subgroup of 120 consecutive admissions for primary evaluation and treatment of breast cancer, the 95 patients with normal AP and LDH values had 41 negative bone scans and no evidence of distant metastases in any patient. According to these results, we recommend that breast cancer metastatic screening be done by alkaline phosphatase and LDH determinations, and that isotope scans should be reserved for those patients having normal values or symptoms that suggest metastases.
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PMID:A reevaluation of bone scans in breast cancer. 391 16

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values were determined in 200 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. We found no relationship between CEA levels and age or sex. A positive test was defined as an upper limit of at least 4.0 ng/mL of CEA. We found raised CSF CEA levels in patients with leptomeningeal spread from carcinoma, but not in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from lymphoma. We also found high values of CSF CEA in three of 21 patients with epidural metastases and in two of 28 patients with cerebral metastases from solid tumors. Comparison was made with the CSF levels of total protein, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase. The sensitivity of the CSF CEA determination in patients for the presence of leptomeningeal involvement of cancer is 31% and the specificity is 90%.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic neurological diseases. 394 76

Primary breast cancers from 85 patients undergoing post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed for five glycolytic enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); phosphohexose isomerase (PHI); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD); pyruvate-kinase (PK); and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether biochemical parameters could offer a prognostic index to determine outcome of therapy. The patients were followed up to a maximum of 54 months; during this period 30 of them developed recurrent or metastatic disease. The enzyme activities were expressed by the three following reference parameters: units/g proteins, units/g tissue weight and units/mg DNA. Two methods of analysis were compared: firstly, univariate analysis using life tables; and secondly, multivariate analysis using the Cox's model, where enzyme levels were tested for each mode of expression in addition to node status, histological features, receptor and menopausal status. Life table analyses appear limited when subsets of patients were studied because the sample size tends to become too small to warrant firm conclusions. Using the Cox's model, a prognostic index 1 was proposed, including the number of involved nodes and the product of logarithms of G-6PD and 6-PGD expressed as units/mg DNA. Compared to the number of involved nodes, this index gives a slightly better discrimination of the patients at 2 yr after mastectomy.
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PMID:Tissue glycolytic enzymes in primary breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. 395 56

beta-Glucuronidase activities were determined in cerebrospinal fluid from 249 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. Reference values were established as 9-27 mU/l. Marked elevations of cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activities were observed in patients with bacterial and carcinomatous meningitis. Slight elevations of cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activities were observed in epidural and parenchymal metastases from solid tumours. Comparison was made with the determination of total protein, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal beta-glucuronidase activity appeared the most useful test in monitoring patients at risk in developing meningeal metastases from solid primary tumours.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid beta-glucuronidase activities in patients with central nervous system metastases. 398 58


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