Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

18F-fluorodeoxygalactose (18FDGal) is a tracer for the evaluation of galactose metabolism in the tissue. PET with 18FDGal was performed in a hepatoma (HCC) patient with lumbar bone metastasis. The image at 45 min after i.v. injection of 18FDGal demonstrated very high uptake by the bone metastasis with tumor-to-surrounding normal tissue ratio of 36. The tumor uptake expressed by differential absorption ratio was much higher than that in the cirrhotic liver and kidney. The result indicated that the HCC maintained high activity of galactose metabolism and rises the potential of this tracer for detecting extrahepatic metastases of HCC using PET.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with lumbar bone metastasis with high uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxygalactose in PET]. 783 3

During the period 1982-1990, 544 patients with clinical evidence of liver disease were admitted to King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Besides routine laboratory and sonographic investigations, all were subjected to either a needle liver biopsy, laparoscopy or a laparotomy. The tissue diagnoses were as follows: liver cirrhosis 17.3%, periportal fibrosis 14.3%, metastatic cancer 12.9%, primary hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma: HCC) 12.1%, hepatic granuloma 11.2%, chronic active hepatitis 7.7%, chronic persistent hepatitis 2.2%, fatty liver 7.2%, hydatid liver disease 4.6% and others 2.8%. In 7.7% the histology was normal. These results will be discussed and compared with results reported in local and international literature.
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PMID:Pattern of chronic liver disease in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A hospital-based clinicopathological study. 789 3

Color Doppler sonographic images of five patients with a total of six lesions of FNH were reviewed. All cases were confirmed pathologically. All six lesions showed increased intralesional flow in comparison to surrounding liver parenchyma on color Doppler sonography. Four of the six lesions showed significant peripheral flow; two of the six lesions showed central flow radiating peripherally from a central vessel. We conclude that increased color Doppler flow may be a characteristic feature of FNH. Increased internal flow has also been reported in HCC and hepatic metastatic disease. Considerable overlap is seen in color Doppler flow patterns. However, in patients clinically at low risk for malignancy, detection of a liver mass with increased color Doppler flow should suggest the diagnosis of FNH.
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PMID:Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: findings with color Doppler sonography. 810 87

The value of the superparamagnetic contrast medium AMI-25 and its clinical acceptability was investigated in a phase-III-multicenter study. 18 patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumours were studied using T2- and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences, FATSAT sequences and FLASH-2-D-breathold sequences, both before and after intravenous application of AMI-25 (0.2 mmol GE/ml 15 mmol/kg KG in 100 ml 5% glucose infusion), using a 1.5 Tesla MRT (Magnetom 63 SP, Siemens). In 6 patients the MRT findings could be correlated with in vitro results within 30 minutes following surgical resection. In 8 patients a diagnosis of metastases was made. Amongst patients with primary liver tumours (FNH 6 cases, HCC 3 cases, adenomatosis 1 case) 3 of the 10 patients showed more lesions following the injection of contrast; similarly, in 4 patients of the 8 with secondary tumours contrast increased the number of visible lesions. The absence of contrast enhancement separated primary from secondary lesions. Amongst the patients with secondary liver tumours, in vitro correlation always showed more tumours than had been visualised whereas there was exact in vivo/in vitro correlation amongst patients with primary liver tumours.
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PMID:[The value of the liver-specific superparamagnetic contrast medium AMI-25 for the detection and differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors versus metastases]. 816 44

The process of cancer metastasis consists of a series of steps resulting in the spread of malignant cells beyond the site of origin and formation of metastases in distant organs. The outcome of this nonrandom process depends, in part, on the interaction of unique tumor cells with a compatible organ microenvironment. The molecular basis of the intrinsic capacity of distinct malignant cells to colonize specific organs and the degree to which host factors influence this process is under intense investigation. Biological analyses of human colon carcinoma tumors obtained from surgical specimens and implanted orthotopically into athymic nude mice revealed that these tumors are heterogeneous for metastatic properties. Moreover, recent evidence using this model suggest that whereas nonmetastatic and highly metastatic cells can grow at local sites, growth in the secondary liver-specific site was associated only with highly metastatic HCC cells. These cells also respond to mitogenic signals produced by damaged normal tissues, suggesting that physiological signals can be utilized by neoplastic cells. Molecular characterization of highly metastatic HCC cells selected in the nude mouse model as well as in situ mRNA hybridization of archival HCC surgical specimens for specific growth factor receptors correlated with the malignant cell's ability to respond to organ-specific growth factors. This article will focus on biological and molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that organ-derived, paracrine growth factors regulate the site-specific growth of receptive malignant cells that possess the appropriate receptors.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1993 Sep
PMID:Paracrine growth regulation of human colon carcinoma organ-specific metastasis. 828 17

A series of 60 cases of oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) carcinomas (HCC) of the thyroid were reviewed to determine whether it is possible to correlate morphologic and clinical features as a means of assessing prognosis. Twenty cases showing predominant solid or trabecular patterns (as described in poorly differentiated carcinomas with a follicular pattern) were selected and the clinicopathological features were investigated. Based on cell size, two groups of solid or trabecular HCCs were identified: The first group (17 cases) was made up of typical large granular oxyphilic cells, and the second (three cases) had small oxyphilic cells. All tumors were reactive for thyroglobulin and for a mitochondrial antigen, selectively marking oxyphilic, mitochondrial-rich cells. Nuclear pleomorphism in individual cells was a common feature, but foci of anaplastic carcinoma were never found. Four cases overexpressed p53 protein and 10 expressed bcl-2 gene product. At follow-up, among the high-stage (pT3-pT4) tumors, seven patients had recurrences or metastases, six of whom were alive with disease or died of disease. In the control group of HCC with predominant follicular patterns, only one of 40 cases had a fatal outcome. The difference was statistically significant. Small-cell patterns and a p53 protein-positive/bcl-2 gene product negative phenotype were features of clinically aggressive HCC cases. We suggest that within the spectrum of oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) tumors, poorly differentiated HCC showing solid or trabecular patterns are a distinct group, based on both morphological and clinical features.
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PMID:Poorly differentiated oxyphilic (Hurthle cell) carcinomas of the thyroid. 865 47

Lymph node metastases at presentation are common in PTC and MTC (about one third of patients at presentation), but are rare in other types of thyroid malignancy, though HCC frequently recurs in lymph nodes. Nodal metastases can be detected by a variety of means, but high resolution ultrasonography may be the method of choice. Unlike other epithelial malignancies, in thyroid cancer neither prognostic significance nor optimal treatment of nodal metastasis are known with certainty. For PTC lymph node metastases at presentation do not seem to adversely affect survival, but do increase the risk of locoregional tumor recurrence. By contrast, in FTC nodal metastases at presentation may adversely affect cause-specific mortality, but because of their rarity definite conclusions are impossible. Except for the oxyphilic variant of FTC (HCC) nodal recurrence in FTC is rare. The most firm evidence of prognostic relevance for nodal metastases in thyroid malignancies exists in medullary thyroid cancer, where most studies suggest that survival and recurrence are both adversely affected by node-positive status at presentation. Primary treatment of nodal metastases is removal of macroscopically affected nodes at initial surgery, optionally supplemented with adjuvant radioiodine treatment in an attempt to reduce recurrence risk. The value, however, of postoperative radioiodine in preventing either nodal recurrence or cancer death in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer remains controversial. Extensive lymph node dissection at presentation offers no advantage (and may cause increased morbidity) in papillary carcinoma, but may be useful in medullary thyroid carcinoma, where nodal metastases seem to increase the risk of cause-specific mortality. In all tumor types postoperative nodal recurrences should primarily be treated surgically.
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PMID:Thyroid cancer nodal metastases: biologic significance and therapeutic considerations. 878 93

Persistent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces an immuno-suppressive state and therefore malignant tumors are a very common complication. Hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare, however, because it is associated with chronic liver disease by the persistent infection of hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV). We reported a case of HCC with HIV infection who had no evidence of HBV or HCV infection, and that had a rapid growth and active pulmonary metastases. Pathological findings of the resected liver showed moderately differentiated HCC and no chronic liver disease. Despite efforts to find potential HBV integration in tumor and non-tumor tissue, none was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HCC in HIV-infected patient with no evidence of hepatitis virus infection.
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PMID:A case of hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patient. 888 41

Our study was aimed at measuring hemodynamic changes in liver perfusion in patients with HCC and hepatic metastases using color Doppler US, a noninvasive investigation technique. Eighty-seven patients were examined: 14 of them had HCC and 34 had metastases; the control group consisted of 39 people. Blood flow was measured in the common hepatic artery and portal vein and the ratio of hepatic arterial to total liver blood flow (HPI = hepatic perfusion index) and the ratio of hepatic arterial to portal venous blood flow (A/V ratio) were calculated. HPI and A/V values were changed in HCC patients (HPI = 0.23, range: 0.16-0.35; A/V = 0.32, range: 0.19-0.55) as a consequence of reduced portal venous blood flow (9.76 +/- 2.51 cm3/s) and of increased hepatic arterial flow (2.78 +/- 0.46 cm3/s). HPI and A/V values were significantly changed also in the patients with hepatic metastases (HPI = 0.24, range: 0.11-0.38; A/V = 0.34, range: 0.12-0.61) compared with the control group. These changes were correlated with increased hepatic arterial blood flow (3.16 +/- 1.35 cm3/s) and decreased portal venous blood flow (10.39 +/- 3.81 cm3/s). These results prove the role of color Doppler US in the study of primary liver cancer and metastases. Additional examinations are nevertheless necessary to assess the diagnostic value of color Doppler US in the early detection of and discrimination between benign and malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Blood flow assessment with Doppler color ultrasonography in primary and secondary tumors of the liver]. 922 14

The purpose of this study was to compare small and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO and USPIO, respectively) as MR contrast agents for the evaluation of focal hepatic disease. In two different patient groups (SPIO [n = 53], USPIO [n = 27]), with focal liver disease (metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], hepatocellular adenoma [HCA], and focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH]), spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images (T1WI, T2WI) were obtained at 1.0T, before and after intravenous contrast administration. The percentage signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change and lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC) were measured and statistically compared. The liver decreased in signal intensity (SI) after SPIO administration (-28%) and increased after USPIO administration (+16%) on T1WI. On T2WI, the liver decreased in SI on postcontrast images with both agents (-78% SPIO, -73% USPIO). This difference was not statistically significantly different (P < or = .07). Both SPIO and USPIO provided >500% improvement in LLC on T2WI. On T1WI, LLC was increased in metastases (120%) and HCC (325%) with SPIO. Post-USPIO, LLC was increased on T1WI only in metastases (>500%). Both SPIO and USPIO show excellent hepatic uptake, presumed secondary to reticuloendothelial activity, based on the degree of %SI change seen in the liver after administration of contrast on T2WI. However, USPIO preparations exhibit blood pool activity that may aid in further characterization of focal liver lesions, as is evidenced by their greater T1 effect in the liver and in some focal liver lesions.
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PMID:MRI in focal liver disease: a comparison of small and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide as hepatic contrast agents. 978 44


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