Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027627 (metastases)
 103,950 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A carcinoma arising in the skin of the lip metastasized to the lymph nodes in the neck of a 53-year-old white man. Electron microscopy of the initial excisional biopsy specimen revealed that the tumor cells contained dense-cored vesicles (100 nm in diameter) in their cytoplasm and were joined by simple junctions. Cells from the nodal metastases were found to be immunoreactive for neuronspecific enolase, keratin intermediate filaments, and chromogranin A, but not for neurofilaments. The tumor was thus classified as a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. In addition, its metastatic cells shared immunoreactive and ultrastructural characteristics of Merkel cells, which are situated in the basal epidermis of normal skin. Primary cultures from a nodal metastasis were established and characterized. The cells attached and proliferated on culture flask surfaces. The population-doubling time was 2 days. This is the first report where cells from a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma have been demonstrated to retain their characteristic ultrastructure in an in vitro environment (10 days). Studies of cells cultured from neuroendocrine skin carcinomas may prove useful in understanding the pathobiology of this disease and help define the in vitro growth requirements of nontransformed Merkel cells as well.
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PMID:Primary culture of cells arising from a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. 226 98

Biopsies from 64 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (World Health Organization grade 3 and undifferentiated) were studied with deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry of fresh tissue and immunohistochemical staining on the histopathological slides for the presence of neuron specific enolase and human chorionic gonadotropin. No correlation was found among the presence of neuron specific enolase or human chorionic gonadotropin and T category, deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy, percentage of cells in the S phase, presence of metastatic disease or response to therapy. The prognosis for patients with muscle invasive disease and tumors positive for neuron specific enolase or human chorionic gonadotropin was similar to that for patients with tumors negative for these substances. When a possible new marker or prognostic factor is evaluated, it is important to investigate whether the new marker adds information on prognosis to what already is known by established standard methods. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical importance of human chorionic gonadotropin (and neuron specific enolase) as a marker in urothelial cancer with regard to prognosis and response to therapy.
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PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin, neuron specific enolase and deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry in patients with high grade bladder carcinoma. 231 95

Twelve cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) were reviewed. Seven of them arose primarily in the lower extremities, three in the head and neck region, and two in other parts. ASPSs in the head and neck region occurred in children before 10 years of age, whereas ASPSs in the other regions occurred in rather older patients. Moreover, ASPSs of the head and neck were relatively small in size, and were diagnosed earlier than those in other regions. Histologically, six cases (including all the head and neck cases) contained considerable area of small and indistinct alveolar structures. Four cases showed remarkable cellular pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical demonstration of vimentin, desmin, the beta-subunit of enolase and the MM isozyme of creatine kinase, together with the absence of immunoreactive cytokeratin, supported the myogenic nature of this rare tumor. A small number of S-100 protein-positive tumor cells were also observed. Follow-up data for these cases disclosed that the tumors containing considerable area of small alveoli and uniform small tumor cells formed distant metastases at an early stage.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. 236 Apr 59

Endocrine-Paracrine cells (EP cells) in prostatic carcinomas were screened by immunohistochemical tests for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, and serotonin and by Grimelius method. Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 60 prostatic carcinomas were used. EP cells were detected in 16 cases (27%). The number of EP cells in hormone independent prostatic carcinomas were significantly larger than hormone dependent (p less than 0.05) and latent prostatic carcinomas (p less than 0.01). Five cases of prostatic carcinomas with abundant EP cell proliferation died of widespread metastases within 4 years, irrespective of hormone treatment. The pathologic finding was classified into the category of adenocarcinoma, partly showing carcinoid or small cell carcinoma-like features. EP cells were found in perineural invading cancer cells and also immunoreactive to both prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase. It is suggested that the proliferation of EP cells in prostatic carcinomas is related with the sensitivity to hormone treatment.
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PMID:[Expression of endocrine-paracrine cells in prostatic carcinoma]. 240 10

The clinical value of the three serum biomarkers neuron specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated prospectively in 86 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) entered into randomized clinical trials. The patients were monitored clinically very closely and biomarkers were measured before each course of chemotherapy. The correlation between disease extent and biomarker was significant for both NSE (2P: 0.001) and LDH (2P:0.05). Of those two biomarkers NSE was the most sensitive and was raised in 75% of all patients at diagnosis, in 67% of patients with limited disease, and in 86% of patients with extensive disease. All patients with three or more sites involved presented raised serum NSE levels but there was no significant correlation between definite number or specific sites known to have metastatic disease. There was a tendency towards a higher serum CEA level in extensive disease than in local disease. Only half the patients with metastatic disease had elevated (greater than 5.0 ng/ml) levels of CEA, and values above 50.0 ng/ml were unusual. In patients initially seropositive for NSE a close correlation was found during follow up between serum NSE and response (98%) or progressive systemic disease (100%). During a major response, either complete or partial, serum NSE showed minor fluctuations (mean 8 ng/ml, S.D. 1.79, range 4.6-12.1). At present serum NSE seem to be the most sensitive and valuable biomarker in the management of SCLC, while the gain by adding CEA is small. Furthermore, NSE may be a useful tool in the estimation of disease extent and response to treatment in patients in whom clinical or radiological evaluation is difficult.
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PMID:Neuron specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen and lactate dehydrogenase as indicators of disease activity in small cell lung cancer. 253 29

Small cell lung cancers are neuroendocrine tumours and therefore produce a lot of peptide hormones (calcitonin, ACTH, ADH), as well as the neuropeptide chromogranin A, which are all useful tumour markers. Furthermore, the tumour-associated antigens CEA and TPA, as well as the enzymes neuron specific enolase (NSE) and creatine kinase BB are used as markers in small cell lung cancer. At present, NSE appears to be the best marker for small cell lung cancer; elevated serum NSE levels are found in 65 to 85% of the patients. The serum level of the tumour markers is related to the stage of the tumour. When tumour regression occurs following therapy, elevated pretreatment levels decrease to the normal range. If the marker level increases again, tumour progression is indicated and this can be an early and sensitive sign denoting recurrence. Metastases in the central nervous system can be detected early by marker determination in the cerebrospinal fluid. At present, CEA appears to be the most valuable tumour marker for non-small cell lung cancer, but TPA may also be a useful marker.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in bronchus cancer]. 254 31

To evaluate whether serum gamma-enolase is a useful marker for renal cell carcinoma alpha and gamma-enolases in tissues of 36 renal cell carcinomas and 13 normal kidneys, and in sera of 103 renal cell carcinoma patients were determined with an enzyme immunoassay system. Tissue gamma and alpha-enolase levels were 34 and 2.3 times higher, respectively, in renal cell carcinoma than in normal renal cortex. The tissue gamma enolase-to-total enolase value of renal cell carcinoma (5.3 per cent) was significantly higher than that of normal cortex (0.29 per cent) and medulla (0.51 per cent). Over-all serum gamma-enolase levels were elevated (more than 6.0 ng. per ml.) in 53 of 103 patients (51 per cent) with renal cell carcinoma. In regard to stage the positive rates were 34 per cent (12 of 35) of patients with stage I, 22 per cent (2 of 9) with stage II, 80 per cent (12 of 15) with stage III, 61 per cent (22 of 36) with stage IV and 61 per cent (5 of 8) with recurrent disease. The mean value of serum gamma-enolase in renal cell carcinoma (8.0 +/- 5.7 ng. per ml.) was significantly higher than that of normal subjects (3.1 +/- 0.9 ng. per ml., p less than 0.001). The mean value of serum gamma-enolase in patients with high stage tumors (III and IV, 9.9 +/- 6.8 ng. per nl.) was significantly higher than that of low stage tumors (I and II, 5.8 +/- 3.0 ng. per ml., p less than 0.001). In 39 patients treated by complete surgical excision serum gamma-enolase was significantly reduced postoperatively (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, 7 of 8 patients whose serum gamma-enolase levels were determined serially had levels within the normal range postoperatively that increased when distant metastases appeared. These results indicate that serum gamma-enolase could be a useful tumor marker to stage disease and monitor treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Evaluation of gamma-enolase as a tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma. 264 28

Malignant paraganglioma of the organ of Zuckerkandl (malignant POZ) in a 38-year-old woman is reported. Ten months before her death, the patient suffered from right shoulder pain. By biopsy of a pathological right humeral fracture, a histological diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma was initially made. However, autopsy revealed a left retroperitoneal tumor, which was diagnosed as malignant POZ. Upon immunohistochemical examination, tumor cells showed definite positivity for neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and chromogranins, and neurosecretory granules were found electron microscopically. The skeletal system is the most common site for distant metastases of malignant POZ. We were unable to find any previous reports of malignant POZ which were first manifested as humeral metastases, as in the present case. As paraganglioma might be histologically confused with a large variety of neoplasms (e.g. renal cell carcinoma), differential diagnosis of this condition is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant paraganglioma of the organ of Zuckerkandl. Initially diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma by biopsy of a right humeral fracture lesion. 274 7

gamma-Enolase [one of the three possible subunits of the dimeric enzyme enolase (EC 4.2.1.11)] has been reported as a marker for human neurons, neuroendocrine cells and tumors derived from these cells. In recent years, however, its presence has been reported in nonneuronal tumors. For employment in the histopathologic diagnosis of tumors of the nervous system, exact knowledge of the enolase isoenzyme patterns occurring in these tumors is a prerequisite. In human gliomas, the presence of varying quantities of gamma-enolase has been demonstrated. The present study examines the enolase isoenzyme pattern in human cerebral metastases of various primary progeny, using electrophoresis of tumor tissue extracts as well as immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a number of primary tumors of nonneuroepithelial tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry. The presence of gamma-enolase was demonstrated in a significant number of brain metastases. A relation between enolase isoenzyme pattern and survival after operation for brain metastasis could not be found. For histopathologic diagnosis of tumors of the adult human central nervous system, analysis of the enolase isoenzyme pattern is not reliable.
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PMID:Enolase isoenzymes in human cerebral metastasis. 276 40

We report a histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, which occurred in a 52 years old woman in the dermal, subcutis and soft tissues of the left buttock. Clinically this neoplasm, which was related to intramuscular injections and a to a following abscess, had rapidly reached unusual dimension compared with other cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin reported in the literature. The patient died three months after presentation with distant metastases. A variable percentage of the neoplastic cells was positive for low molecular weight cytokeratins (CK), neurofilaments (NF), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and occasionally for vaso-intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Ultrastructural investigations showed two types of neoplastic cells, identified for some features of the nucleus and of the cytoplasm; these two groups of cells are, in our opinion, related to different stages of cellular development. Our results, in agreement with some observations reported in the literature, give evidence of a possible origin of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin from an undifferentiated cell which is capable of neuroendocrine or ectodermal differentiation.
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PMID:[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case with highly aggressive biological behavior]. 277 60


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